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Yao Q, Fischer KP, Tyrrell DL, Gutfreund KS. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of Pekin duck programmed death-1. Gene 2019; 702:182-193. [PMID: 30910561 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) has a pivotal role in the attenuation of adaptive immune responses and peripheral tolerance. Here we describe the identification of the Pekin duck programmed death-1 orthologue (duPD-1). The duPD-1 cDNA encodes a 283-amino acid polypeptide that has an amino acid identity of 70%, 32% and 31% with chicken, murine and human PD-1, respectively. The duck PD-1 gene shares five conserved exons with chicken, murine and human PD-1 genes. A cluster of putative regulatory elements within the conserved region B (CR-B) of the basal promotor is conserved. Homology modeling was most compatible with the two β-sheet IgV domain structure of murine PD-1. Contact residues, shown to be critical for binding of the respective human and murine PD-1 ligands are mostly conserved between avian and mammalian species, whereas residues that define the cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) are highly conserved across higher vertebrates and frog. Constitutive expression of duPD-1 transcripts was predominantly found in lymphocyte-rich tissues, and mitogen-stimulation of duck peripheral blood mononuclear cells transiently increased duPD-1 mRNA expression. A soluble duPD-1 protein was expressed and shown to engage the identified duck PD-1 ligands. Our observations show considerable evolutionary conservation between mammalian and avian PD-1 orthologues. This work will facilitate further investigation of the role of PD-1 signaling in adaptive immunity in the Pekin duck, a non-mammalian vertebrate and pathogen host with relevance for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yao
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karl P Fischer
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Dept. of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Klaus S Gutfreund
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Li P, Fan W, Everaert N, Liu R, Li Q, Zheng M, Cui H, Zhao G, Wen J. Messenger RNA Sequencing and Pathway Analysis Provide Novel Insights Into the Susceptibility to Salmonella enteritidis Infection in Chickens. Front Genet 2018; 9:256. [PMID: 30061915 PMCID: PMC6055056 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a foodborne pathogen that negatively affects both animal and human health. Controlling poultry SE infection will have great practical significance for human public health, as poultry are considered to be important sources and carriers of the disease. In this study, the splenic transcriptomes of challenged-susceptible (S), challenged-resistant (R) and non-challenged (C) chicks (3-days old, specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn) were characterized in order to identify the immune-related gene markers and pathways. A total of 934 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in comparisons among the C, R and S birds. First reported here, the DEGs involved in the Forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway, especially FoxO3, were identified as potential markers for host resistance to SE infection. The challenged-susceptible birds exhibited strong activation of the FoxO signaling pathway, which may be a major defect causing immune cell apoptosis as part of SE-induced pathology; these S birds also showed weak activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related genes, contrasting with strong splenic activation in the R birds. Interestingly, suppression of several pathways in the immune response against Salmonella, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Jak-STAT, was only found in S birds and there was evidence of cross-talk among these pathways, perhaps contributing to susceptibility to Salmonella infection. These findings will help facilitate understanding resistance and susceptibility to SE infection in the earliest phases of the host immune response through Salmonella-induced pathways, provide new approaches to develop strategies for SE prevention and treatment, and may enhance innate resistance by genetic selection in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlei Fan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ranran Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxian Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, China
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Yao Q, Fischer KP, Tyrrell DL, Gutfreund KS. The Pekin duck programmed death ligand-2: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and expression analysis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 13:116-122. [PMID: 29556566 PMCID: PMC5857182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1), upon engagement by its ligands, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), provides signals that attenuate adaptive immune responses. Here we describe the identification of the Pekin duck PD-L2 (duPD-L2) and its gene structure. The duPD-L2 cDNA encodes a 321 amino acid protein that has an amino acid identity of 76% and 35% with chicken and human PD-L2, respectively. Mapping of the duPD-L2 cDNA with duck genomic sequences revealed an exonic structure similar to that of the human Pdcd1lg2 gene. Homology modelling of the duPD-L2 protein was compatible with the murine PD-L2 ectodomain structure. Residues known to be important for PD-1 receptor binding of murine PD-L2 were mostly conserved in duPD-L2 within sheets A and G and partially conserved within sheets C and F. DuPD-L2 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined with highest expression levels in lung, spleen, cloaca, bursa, cecal tonsil, duodenum and very low levels of expression in muscle, kidney and brain. Lipopolysaccharide treatment of adherent duck PBMC upregulated duPD-L2 mRNA expression. Our work shows evolutionary conservation of the PD-L2 ectodomain structure and residues important for PD-1 binding in vertebrates including fish. The information provided will be useful for further investigation of the role of duPD-L2 in the regulation of duck adaptive immunity and exploration of PD-1-targeted immunotherapies in the duck hepatitis B infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yao
- Depts. of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karl P Fischer
- Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Depts. of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Klaus S Gutfreund
- Depts. of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Yao Q, Fischer KP, Tyrrell DL, Gutfreund KS. The Pekin duck programmed death-ligand 1: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and mRNA expression analysis. Int J Immunogenet 2014; 42:111-20. [PMID: 25556810 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) plays an important role in the attenuation of adaptive immune responses in higher vertebrates. Here, we describe the identification of the Pekin duck PD-L1 orthologue (duPD-L1) and its gene structure. The duPD-L1 cDNA encodes a 311-amino acid protein that has an amino acid identity of 78% and 42% with chicken and human PD-L1, respectively. Mapping of the duPD-L1 cDNA with duck genomic sequences revealed an exonic structure of its coding sequence similar to those of other vertebrates but lacked a noncoding exon 1. Homology modelling of the duPD-L1 extracellular domain was compatible with the tandem IgV-like and IgC-like IgSF domain structure of human PD-L1 (PDB ID: 3BIS). Residues known to be important for receptor binding of human PD-L1 were mostly conserved in duPD-L1 within the N-terminus and the G sheet, and partially conserved within the F sheet but not within sheets C and C'. DuPD-L1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined with highest expression levels in lung and spleen and very low levels of expression in muscle, kidney and brain. Mitogen stimulation of duck peripheral blood mononuclear cells transiently increased duPD-L1 mRNA expression. Our observations demonstrate evolutionary conservation of the exonic structure of its coding sequence, the extracellular domain structure and residues implicated in receptor binding, but the role of the longer cytoplasmic tail in avian PD-L1 proteins remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Yao Q, Fischer KP, Arnesen K, Lorne Tyrrell D, Gutfreund KS. The Pekin duck IL-10R2 common chain: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and mRNA expression analysis. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 40:386-95. [PMID: 23331509 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2, IL-10Rβ) is required for the signalling of the class 2 cytokines IL-10, IL-22, IL-26 and IFN-λ1-3 . Here, we describe the identification of the Pekin duck IL-10R2 (duIL-10R2) common chain and its gene structure. The duIL-10R2 cDNA encodes a 343 amino acid protein that has an amino acid identity of 76% and 42% with chicken and human IL-10R2, respectively. Binding residues of human IL-10R2 for IL-10 and IL-22 were mostly conserved in the avian IL-10R2 proteins within loops L3 and L5, but not within loops L2 and L6. Homology modelling of the duIL-10R2 extracellular domain structure using soluble human IL-10R2 (shIL-10R2, PDB ID: 3LQM) as a template revealed a protruding loop L5 and two distinct clefts between loops L2/L3 and L3/L5, similar to shIL-10R2. However, in contrast to the three amino acid β-hairpin loop L2 of shIL-10R2, loop L2 of duIL-10R2 is five residues longer. Residues within a putative Tyk2 binding site were highly conserved across all vertebrate IL-10R2 proteins examined. The duIL-10R2 gene shares a seven exon-six intron structure with chicken and human IL-10R2 genes, but avian genes are more compact. DuIL-10R2 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues. Mitogen stimulation of duck peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) did not alter transcript levels. Our observations suggest that genomic organization and structural features implicated in multiple cytokine-binding properties of human IL-10R2 are conserved in duck IL-10R2, but the evolutionary changes that appear to have lead to low-affinity cytokine interaction within loop L2 are distinct to mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Yao Q, Fischer KP, Tyrrell DL, Gutfreund KS. Genomic structure, molecular characterization and functional analysis of Pekin duck interleukin-10. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 38:30-43. [PMID: 22469657 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the cloning and expression of Pekin duck IL-10 (duIL-10) and a six exon-5 intron structure of an IL-10 gene. Two transcripts encoding duIL-10 with an alternatively spliced 3'UTR, and a transcript lacking exon 5 with a novel coding sequence for its C-terminus (duIL-10ΔE5) were isolated from splenocytes. The duIL-10 protein has an amino acid identity of 79% and 47% with chicken and human IL-10, respectively. The duck IL-10 gene shares a similar structure of the respective exons 1-5 with the IL-10 genes of other vertebrates but has an alternative exon. The duIL-10 3D structure by homology modeling was similar to that of the human IL-10 monomer, whereas the predicted duIL-10ΔE5 protein lacks helix F. DuIL-10 and duIL-10ΔE5 transcripts were most abundant in primary and secondary immune organs and lung. Recombinant duIL-10 suppressed duck IL-2 transcripts in mitogen-activated PBMCs. Our observation suggests evolutionary conservation of structure and function of the duIL-10 protein but the roles of the novel IL-10 splice variants in the regulation of duck immune responses and evolution of vertebrate immunity remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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