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Li X, Guo S, Sun Y, Ding J, Chen C, Wu Y, Li P, Sun T, Wang X. GABRG2 mutations in genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus: structure, roles, and molecular genetics. J Transl Med 2024; 22:767. [PMID: 39143639 PMCID: PMC11323400 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is a genetic epilepsy syndrome characterized by a marked hereditary tendency inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Patients with GEFS+ may develop typical febrile seizures (FS), while generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) with fever commonly occur between 3 months and 6 years of age, which is generally followed by febrile seizure plus (FS+), with or without absence seizures, focal seizures, or GTCSs. GEFS+ exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity, with polymerase chain reaction, exon sequencing, and single nucleotide polymorphism analyses all showing that the occurrence of GEFS+ is mainly related to mutations in the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma 2 subunit (GABRG2) gene. The most common mutations in GABRG2 are separated in large autosomal dominant families, but their pathogenesis remains unclear. The predominant types of GABRG2 mutations include missense (c.983A → T, c.245G → A, p.Met199Val), nonsense (R136*, Q390*, W429*), frameshift (c.1329delC, p.Val462fs*33, p.Pro59fs*12), point (P83S), and splice site (IVS6+2T → G) mutations. All of these mutations types can reduce the function of ion channels on the cell membrane; however, the degree and mechanism underlying these dysfunctions are different and could be linked to the main mechanism of epilepsy. The γ2 subunit plays a special role in receptor trafficking and is closely related to its structural specificity. This review focused on investigating the relationship between GEFS+ and GABRG2 mutation types in recent years, discussing novel aspects deemed to be great significance for clinically accurate diagnosis, anti-epileptic treatment strategies, and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengnan Guo
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, The Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, The Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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Mohammadi M, Baleghi Y, Salehiomran M, Hajiahmadi M, Poornasrollah M, Alijanpour P, Alijanpour M. Evaluation of Vitamin D Level in Children With Febrile Seizure Referred to Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol. Glob Pediatr Health 2023; 10:2333794X231198390. [PMID: 38143518 PMCID: PMC10748926 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x231198390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study aim to evaluate the level of vitamin D with the incidence of febrile seizure. Method. This case-control study was conducted on 90 febrile children referred to Amirkola Children's Hospital from 19 February to 21 August 2021. Febrile children with and without seizures were considered as case and control groups, respectively. Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated. Results. The mean level of vitamin D was not significant between the 2 groups (P = .62), but the mean level of alkaline phosphatase was higher in the case group, statistically (P = .04). 46.75% and 15.6% of case group, 28.9% and 26.7% of control group had deficiency and insufficiency levels of vitamin D, respectively (P = .17). Conclusion. In this study the mean level and deficiency of Vitamin D were not significant between the 2 groups. No correlation was also found between Vitamin D levels and the incidence of Febrile Seizure.
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Neocortex- and hippocampus-specific deletion of Gabrg2 causes temperature-dependent seizures in mice. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:553. [PMID: 34050134 PMCID: PMC8163876 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the GABRG2 gene encoding the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor gamma 2 subunit are associated with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, febrile seizures plus, febrile seizures, and other symptoms of epilepsy. However, the mechanisms underlying Gabrg2-mediated febrile seizures are poorly understood. Here, we used the Cre/loxP system to generate conditional knockout (CKO) mice with deficient Gabrg2 in the hippocampus and neocortex. Heterozygous CKO mice (Gabrg2fl/wtCre+) exhibited temperature-dependent myoclonic jerks, generalised tonic-clonic seizures, increased anxiety-like symptoms, and a predisposition to induce seizures. Cortical electroencephalography showed the hyperexcitability in response to temperature elevation in Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice, but not in wild-type mice. Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice exhibited spontaneous seizures and susceptibility to temperature-induced seizures. Loss of neurons were observed in cortical layers V-VI and hippocampus of Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice. Furthermore, the latency of temperature- or pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures were significantly decreased in Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice compared with wild-type mice. In summary, Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice with Gabrg2 deletion in the neocortex and hippocampus reproduce many features of febrile seizures and therefore provide a novel model to further understand this syndrome at the cellular and molecular level.
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Van Wagoner ZD, Evans DC, Askegard-Giesmann JR, Kenney BD. Perforated Peptic Ulcer in a Child With a Vagus Nerve Stimulator for Seizure Control. Brain Stimul 2013; 6:972-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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