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Ramdani F, Setiani P, Sianturi R. Towards understanding climate change impacts: monitoring the vegetation dynamics of terrestrial national parks in Indonesia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18257. [PMID: 39107423 PMCID: PMC11303803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring vegetation dynamics in terrestrial national parks (TNPs) is crucial for ensuring sustainable environmental management and mitigating the potential negative impacts of short- and long-term disturbances understanding the effect of climate change within natural and protected areas. This study aims to monitor the vegetation dynamics of TNPs in Indonesia by first categorizing them into the regions of Sumatra, Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Eastern Indonesia and then applying ready-to-use MODIS EVI time-series imageries (MOD13Q1) taken from 2000 to 2022 on the GEE cloud-computing platform. Specifically, this research investigates the greening and browning fraction trends using Sen's slope, considers seasonality by analyzing the maximum and minimum EVI values, and assesses anomalous years by comparing the annual time series and long-term median EVI value. The findings reveal significantly increasing greening trends in most TNPs, except Danau Sentarum, from 2000 to 2022. The seasonality analysis shows that most TNPs exhibit peak and trough greenness at the end of the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, as the vegetation response to precipitation increases and decreases. Anomalies in seasonality that is affected by climate change was detected in all of the regions. To increase TNPs resilience, suggested measures include active reforestation and implementation of Assisted Natural Regeneration, strengthen the enforcement of fundamental managerial task, and forest fire management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatwa Ramdani
- Department of International Public Policy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Program in Economic and Public Policy (PEPP), Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Putri Setiani
- Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Riswan Sianturi
- Information System Department, Faculty of Computer Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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2
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Sariyati NH, Abdul-Latiff MAB, Aifat NR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Osman NA, Karuppannan KV, Chan E, Md-Zain BM. Molecular phylogeny confirms the subspecies delineation of the Malayan Siamang ( Symphalangussyndactyluscontinentis) and the Sumatran Siamang ( Symphalangussyndactylussyndactylus) based on the hypervariable region of mitochondrial DNA. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e120314. [PMID: 38707255 PMCID: PMC11069032 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e120314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Siamangs (Symphalangussyndactylus) are native to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and southern Thailand and their taxonomical classification at subspecies level remains unclear. Morphologically, two subspecies were proposed as early as 1908 by Thomas namely Symphalangus s.syndactylus and Symphalanguss.continentis. Thus, this study aims to clarify the Siamang subspecies status, based on mtDNA D-loop sequences. Faecal samples were collected from wild Siamang populations at different localities in Peninsular Malaysia. A 600-bp sequence of the mitochondrial D-loop region was amplified from faecal DNA extracts and analysed along with GenBank sequences representing Symphalangus sp., Nomascus sp., Hylobates sp., Hoolock sp. and outgroups (Pongopygmaeus, Macacafascicularis and Papiopapio). The molecular phylogenetic analysis in this study revealed two distinct clades formed by S.s.syndactylus and S.s.continentis which supports the previous morphological delineation of the existence of two subspecies. Biogeographical analysis indicated that the Sumatran population lineage was split from the Peninsular Malaysian population lineage and a diversification occurrred in the Pliocene era (~ 3.12 MYA) through southward expansion. This postulation was supported by the molecular clock, which illustrated that the Peninsular Malaysian population (~ 1.92 MYA) diverged earlier than the Sumatran population (~ 1.85 MYA). This is the first study to use a molecular approach to validate the subspecies statuses of S.s.syndactylus and S.s.continentis. This finding will be useful for conservation management, for example, during Siamang translocation and investigations into illegal pet trade and forensics involving Malayan and Sumatran Siamangs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hartini Sariyati
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (Pagoh Campus), 84600, Muar, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (Pagoh Campus)84600, Muar, JohorMalaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600Bangi, SelangorMalaysia
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar Abdul-Latiff
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (Pagoh Campus), 84600, Muar, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (Pagoh Campus)84600, Muar, JohorMalaysia
| | - Nor Rahman Aifat
- Faculty of Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MalaysiaFaculty of Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400Kota Kinabalu, SabahMalaysia
| | - Abd Rahman Mohd-Ridwan
- Centre for Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaCentre for Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300Kota Samarahan, SarawakMalaysia
| | - Nur Azimah Osman
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Negeri Sembilan, 72000, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Negeri Sembilan, 72000Kuala Pilah, Negeri SembilanMalaysia
| | - Kayal Vizi Karuppannan
- National Wildlife Forensic Laboratory (NWFL), Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), 56100, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaNational Wildlife Forensic Laboratory (NWFL), Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), 56100Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Eddie Chan
- Genting Nature Adventure, Resorts World Awana Hotel, 69000, Genting Highlands, Pahang, MalaysiaGenting Nature Adventure, Resorts World Awana Hotel69000, Genting Highlands, PahangMalaysia
| | - Badrul Munir Md-Zain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600Bangi, SelangorMalaysia
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McGrath SJ, Liu J, Stevenson BC, Behie AM. Density and population size estimates of the endangered northern yellow-cheeked crested gibbon Nomascus annamensis in selectively logged Veun Sai-Siem Pang National Park in Cambodia using acoustic spatial capture-recapture methods. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292386. [PMID: 38011169 PMCID: PMC10681233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many gibbon species are threatened with extinction, including the endangered northern yellow-cheeked crested gibbon, Nomascus annamensis. Assessing gibbon populations and understanding how human disturbances and environmental factors impact these populations is vital for effective conservation planning. In 2010, auditory surveys revealed that Veun Sai-Siem Pang National Park (VSSP) in Cambodia contains one of the largest known N. annamensis populations in the world, with an estimated 456 (95% CI 421-490) gibbon groups. Illegal selective logging is common in the park, but the impact of continued logging on the gibbon population has not been investigated. To determine any change in the N. annamensis population since 2010, between January and April 2019 we conducted auditory surveys at 13 sites that were at least 4 km apart. We surveyed each site for three days, each day recording the gibbon calls heard over 3.25 hours from three listening posts located 500 m apart. At the same sites, we assessed the logging intensity using transects and ecological plots. Gibbon densities can be influenced by various environmental factors such as canopy height and forest type. Therefore, in addition to investigating the relationship between the density of N. annamensis groups and logging, we included five additional environmental variables in our acoustic spatial capture-recapture models. Our best fit model with the lowest AIC value included canopy height, forest type, distance to villages, and logging. We estimate that there are 389 (95% CI 284-542) N. annamensis groups currently in VSSP. Selective logging is widespread in the park, primarily targeting four tree species. The estimated felling time of these logged trees, together with previous reports, indicate that the species most targeted in VSSP varies over time. To conserve the N. annamensis population in VSSP, it is crucial that action is taken to reduce illegal logging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. McGrath
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben C. Stevenson
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alison M. Behie
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
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Widyastuti S, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Iskandar E, Prasetyo LB, Setiawan A, Aoliya N, Cheyne SM. Population of the Javan Gibbon ( Hylobatesmoloch) in the Dieng Mountains, Indonesia: An updated estimation from a new approach. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e100805. [PMID: 37448691 PMCID: PMC10336555 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Javan gibbon (Hylobatesmoloch) is endemic to the island of Java and its distribution is restricted from the western tip of Java to the Dieng Mountains in Central Java. Unlike the other known habitats that hold a large population of Javan gibbons, the Dieng Mountains have not been protected and experience various threats. This study, which was conducted in 2018 and 2021, aimed to provide an update of the current density and population size of Javan gibbons in Dieng after the most recent study in 2010 and to investigate their relationships with habitat characteristics (vegetation and elevation). The triangulation method and a new acoustic spatial capture-recapture method were used to estimate group density. A new approach for extrapolation, based on the habitat suitability model, was also developed to calculate population size. The results show that the Javan gibbon population in the Dieng Mountains has most likely increased. The mean group density in each habitat type was high: 2.15 groups/km2 in the low suitable habitat and 5.55 groups/km2 in the high suitable habitat. The mean group size (3.95 groups/km2, n = 20) was higher than those reported in previous studies. The overall population size was estimated to be 1092 gibbons. This population increase might indicate the success of conservation efforts during the last decade. However, more effort should be made to ensure the long-term future of this threatened species. Although the density significantly differed between habitat suitability types, it was not influenced by the vegetation structure or elevation. A combination of multiple variables will probably have a greater effect on density variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmah Widyastuti
- Animal Biosciences Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, IndonesiaAnimal Biosciences Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB UniversityBogorIndonesia
| | - Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB UniversityBogorIndonesia
- Primate Research Centre, IPB University, Bogor, IndonesiaPrimate Research Centre, IPB UniversityBogorIndonesia
| | - Entang Iskandar
- Primate Research Centre, IPB University, Bogor, IndonesiaPrimate Research Centre, IPB UniversityBogorIndonesia
| | - Lilik B Prasetyo
- Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor, IndonesiaDepartment of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB UniversityBogorIndonesia
| | - Arif Setiawan
- SwaraOwa, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaSwaraOwaYogyakartaIndonesia
| | - Nur Aoliya
- Animal Biosciences Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, IndonesiaAnimal Biosciences Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB UniversityBogorIndonesia
| | - Susan M Cheyne
- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United KingdomFaculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, Oxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Status and distribution of hoolock gibbon in the newly established Indawgyi Biosphere Reserve: Implication for protected area management. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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He Q, Yan S, Garber PA, Ren B, Qi X, Zhou J. Habitat restoration is the greatest challenge for population recovery of Hainan gibbons (Nomascus hainanus). Integr Zool 2022. [PMID: 36064198 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hainan gibbons are among the world's most critically endangered primates, with a remaining population of only 35 individuals distributed across 5 social groups in the Bawangling Branch of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, China. Habitat conversion and forest fragmentation over the past 40 years have reduced their geographical distribution by 95%. In the absence of a quantitative assessment of the availability of remaining suitable habitat, it is unclear whether this species can survive to the end of this century. We used behavioral observations, ArcGIS, remote sensing, stereo optical imagery, and MaxEnt modeling to identify patterns of Hainan gibbon range use and compare changes in the distribution of suitable forest types and areas of forest fragmentation over the past 20 years (2000-2020). The results indicate that the combined range of the 5 extant Hainan gibbon groups totaled 14.89 km2 . The home range of the smallest group (Group E, 3 individuals) was 1.51 km2 , which likely represents the minimum home range size for this species. The remaining area of highly suitable and moderately suitable habitat totals 26.9 km2 . However, habitat connectivity across the gibbon range is very low (less than 0.5), limiting the ability of Hainan gibbons to move between forest patches. The results of this study indicate that the availability of suitable habitat in Bawangling is insufficient to allow for future Hainan gibbon population growth. Therefore, immediate action must be taken to restore, reforest, and establish ecological corridors to reconnect areas of suitable habitat for these critically endangered gibbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing He
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shasha Yan
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Baoping Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Xvming Qi
- Bawangling Branch, Hainan Tropic Rainforest National Park Administration, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Pang YH, Lappan S, Bartlett TQ, Mohd Sah SA, N Rosely NF, Ruppert N. Population densities of Hylobates agilis in forests with different disturbance histories in Ulu Muda Forest Reserve, Malaysia. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23388. [PMID: 35521672 PMCID: PMC9541461 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Small ape habitat throughout Malaysia is rapidly being lost, degraded, and fragmented, and the effects of these changes on the abundance on this taxon are currently unknown. This study assessed the group density of Hylobates agilis in virgin forest, previously logged forest (1960s–1990s), and recently logged forest (2015–2017) of the Ulu Muda Forest Reserve (UMFR), Kedah, Malaysia. We conducted fixed‐point active acoustic triangulation at nine survey areas to estimate group density. We used vegetation “speed plots” and satellite imagery to quantify habitat characteristics and used model selection to identify ecological predictors of group density variation. The estimated group density of H. agilis in UMFR was 4.03 ± 0.14 groups km−2, with an estimated total of 2927 ± 102 groups in areas below 450 m a.s.l. in UMFR. Group density did not differ significantly among habitat types. The best ecological predictors for group density were canopy cover and proportion of deforested area. Areas with recent deforestation were associated with relatively high group densities, suggesting compression of the populations persisting in these habitat types. The consistently high group densities detected in all forest types emphasizes the importance of degraded forest as habitat for H. agilis. Because of the threats to small apes in Malaysia, and the uncertain status of most populations, we recommend a nationwide population census and regular monitoring to inform conservation planning and implementation. Most urgently, we call for immediate and permanent protection of UMFR and other forests in the Greater Ulu Muda landscape to protect the globally significant populations of H. agilis, as well as other charismatic and threatened megafauna, birds, and flora in the area. This study estimates the population density of Hylobates agilis in Ulu Muda Forest Reserve, part of the largest remaining habitat for the species in mainland Asia. We estimate that lowland forests (<450 m a.s.l.) in Ulu Muda support 2972 ± 102 groups of H. agilis. Our data suggest that recently selectively logged forests support gibbon densities equal to those in undisturbed forest, demonstrating the importance of this landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Heng Pang
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Primatological Society, Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Susan Lappan
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Primatological Society, Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia.,Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thad Q Bartlett
- Malaysian Primatological Society, Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia.,Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Nik Fadzly N Rosely
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nadine Ruppert
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Primatological Society, Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia
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Biotic and abiotic drivers of dispersion dynamics in a large-bodied tropical vertebrate, the Western Bornean orangutan. Oecologia 2021; 196:707-721. [PMID: 34143262 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of animal responses to dynamic resource landscapes is based largely on research on temperate species with small body sizes and fast life histories. We studied a large, tropical mammal with an extremely slow life history, the Western Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii), across a heterogeneous natural landscape encompassing seven distinct forest types. Our goals were to characterize fluctuations in abundance, test hypotheses regarding the relationship between dispersion dynamics and resource availability, and evaluate how movement patterns are influenced by abiotic conditions. We surveyed abundance in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, for 99 consecutive months and simultaneously recorded weather data and assessed fruit availability. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical distance sampling model to estimate population dispersion and assess the roles of fruit availability, rainfall, and temperature in driving movement patterns across this heterogeneous landscape. Orangutan abundance varied dramatically over space and time. Each forest type was important in sustaining more than 40% of the total orangutans on site during at least one month, as animals moved to track asynchronies in fruiting phenology. We conclude that landscape-level movements buffer orangutans against fruit scarcity, peat swamps are crucial fallback habitats, and orangutans' use of high elevation forests is strongly dependent on abiotic conditions. Our results show that orangutans can periodically occupy putative-sink habitats and be virtually absent for extended periods from habitats that are vitally important in sustaining their population, highlighting the need for long-term studies and potential risks in interpreting occurrence or abundance measures as indicators of habitat importance.
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Wessling EG, Dieguez P, Llana M, Pacheco L, Pruetz JD, Kühl HS. Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) Density and Environmental Gradients at Their Biogeographical Range Edge. INT J PRIMATOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-020-00182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lappan S, Sibarani M, O’Brien TG, Nurcahyo A, Andayani N, Rustiati EL, Surya RA, Morino L. Long‐term effects of forest fire on habitat use by siamangs in Southern Sumatra. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Lappan
- Department of Anthropology Appalachian State University Boone NC USA
| | - M. Sibarani
- Wildlife Conservation Society‐Indonesia Program Bogor Indonesia
| | | | - A. Nurcahyo
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - N. Andayani
- Wildlife Conservation Society‐Indonesia Program Bogor Indonesia
- Department of Biology Universitas Indonesia Depok Indonesia
| | - E. L. Rustiati
- Department of Biology Universitas Lampung Bandar Lampung Indonesia
| | - R. A. Surya
- Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park Kota Agung Indonesia
| | - L. Morino
- Parc Zoologique de Paris – Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle – Sorbonne Universités Paris France
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Lappan S, Andayani N, Kinnaird MF, Morino L, Nurcahyo A, O'Brien TG. Social polyandry among siamangs: the role of habitat quality. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Lappan S, Sibarani M, Rustiati EL, Andayani N. Abrupt Decline in a Protected Population of Siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus) in Southern Sumatra. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2017; 88:255-266. [PMID: 28848177 DOI: 10.1159/000478776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Between 2011 and 2016, approximately 50% of siamangs in the Way Canguk Research Area disappeared, including members of 7 of 12 habituated groups. Demographic data from 1998 to 2015 confirm that the population decline in the habituated groups reflects a larger trend in the local population. There was no evidence of hunting of primates in the area, and ecological data do not suggest substantial changes in food availability or predation pressure during this period. From 2011 to 2014, we monitored the habituated groups only intermittently, and most deaths or disappearances were not observed. However, in 2014-2016, we monitored some groups more intensively, and observed 2 individuals with symptoms including whitened skin on the face, hands, and abdomen, hair loss, swelling of the face, frequent scratching, and lethargy. One affected individual disappeared days after this observation, while the other survived. The spatiotemporal pattern of disappearances in the habituated groups was consistent with that expected if the deaths resulted from disease transmission among neighbouring groups. Thus, the available evidence, while preliminary, suggests that a local disease epizootic may have been a factor driving the population decline. We recommend that researchers establish monitoring protocols to better understand primate disease epidemiology and to guide conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lappan
- Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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Scent marking in Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi): novel observations close a key gap in understanding felid communication behaviours. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35433. [PMID: 27739507 PMCID: PMC5064369 DOI: 10.1038/srep35433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific communication is integral to the behavioural ecology of solitary carnivores, but observing and quantifying their communication behaviours in natural environments is difficult. Our systematic literature review found that basic information on scent marking is completely lacking for 23% of all felid species, and information on 21% of other felid species comes solely from one study of captive animals. Here we present results of the first systematic investigation of the scent marking behaviours of Sunda clouded leopards in the wild. Our observations using motion-triggered video cameras in Indonesian Borneo are novel for clouded leopards, and contrary to previous descriptions of their behaviour. We found that clouded leopards displayed 10 distinct communication behaviours, with olfaction, scraping, and cheek rubbing the most frequently recorded. We also showed that males make repeated visits to areas they previously used for marking and that multiple males advertise and receive information at the same sites, potentially enhancing our ability to document and monitor clouded leopard populations. The behaviours we recorded are remarkably similar to those described in other solitary felids, despite tremendous variation in the environments they inhabit, and close a key gap in understanding and interpreting communication behaviours of clouded leopards and other solitary felids.
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15
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16
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Cheyne SM, Gilhooly LJ, Hamard MC, Höing A, Houlihan PR, Kursani, Loken B, Phillips A, Rayadin Y, Ripoll Capilla B, Rowland D, Sastramidjaja WJ, Spehar S, Thompson CJH, Zrust M. Population mapping of gibbons in Kalimantan, Indonesia: correlates of gibbon density and vegetation across the species’ range. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Bryant JV, Olson VA, Chatterjee HJ, Turvey ST. Identifying environmental versus phylogenetic correlates of behavioural ecology in gibbons: implications for conservation management of the world's rarest ape. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:171. [PMID: 26307405 PMCID: PMC4549120 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For conservation of highly threatened species to be effective, it is crucial to differentiate natural population parameters from atypical behavioural, ecological and demographic characteristics associated with human disturbance and habitat degradation, which can constrain population growth and recovery. Unfortunately, these parameters can be very hard to determine for species of extreme rarity. The Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus), the world's rarest ape, consists of a single population of c.25 individuals, but intensive management is constrained by a limited understanding of the species' expected population characteristics and environmental requirements. In order to generate a more robust evidence-base for Hainan gibbon conservation, we employed a comparative approach to identify intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of variation in key ecological and behavioural traits (home range size, social group size, mating system) across the Hylobatidae while controlling for phylogenetic non-independence. RESULTS All three studied traits show strong phylogenetic signals across the Hylobatidae. Although the Hainan gibbon and some closely related species have large reported group sizes, no observed gibbon group size is significantly different from the values expected on the basis of phylogenetic relationship alone. However, the Hainan gibbon and two other Nomascus species (N. concolor, N. nasutus) show home range values that are higher than expected relative to all other gibbon species. Predictive models incorporating intraspecific trait variation but controlling for covariance between population samples due to phylogenetic relatedness reveal additional environmental and biological determinants of variation in gibbon ranging requirements and social structure, but not those immediately associated with recent habitat degradation. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the first systematic assessment of behavioural and ecological trait patterns across the Hylobatidae using recent approaches in comparative analysis. By formally contextualising the Hainan gibbon's observed behavioural and ecological characteristics within family-wide variation in gibbons, we are able to determine natural population parameters expected for this Critically Endangered species, as well as wider correlates of variation for key population characteristics across the Hylobatidae. This approach reveals key insights with a direct impact on future Hainan gibbon conservation planning, and demonstrates the usefulness of the comparative approach for informing management of species of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica V Bryant
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Valérie A Olson
- Care Quality Commission, 103-105 Bunhill Row, London, EC1Y 8TG, UK.
| | - Helen J Chatterjee
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Samuel T Turvey
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
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A Comparison of Hylobatid Survey Methods Using Triangulation on Müller’s Gibbon (Hylobates muelleri) in Sungai Wain Protection Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. INT J PRIMATOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-015-9845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dillis C, Beaudrot L, Feilen KL, Clink DJ, Wittmer HU, Marshall AJ. Modeling the Ecological and Phenological Predictors of Fruit Consumption by Gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis). Biotropica 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dillis
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group; University of California-Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- Department of Anthropology; University of California-Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Lydia Beaudrot
- Department of Anthropology; University of California-Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- Graduate Group in Ecology; University of California-Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Katie L. Feilen
- Department of Anthropology; University of California-Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Dena J. Clink
- Department of Anthropology; University of California-Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Heiko U. Wittmer
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Andrew J. Marshall
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group; University of California-Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- Department of Anthropology; University of California-Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- Graduate Group in Ecology; University of California-Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
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Lee DC, Powell VJ, Lindsell JA. The conservation value of degraded forests for agile gibbonsHylobates agilis. Am J Primatol 2014; 77:76-85. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Lee
- School of Applied Sciences; University of South Wales; Pontypridd, United Kingdom
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Sandy, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jeremy A. Lindsell
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Sandy, United Kingdom
- A Rocha International; Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Marshall AJ, Beaudrot L, Wittmer HU. Responses of Primates and Other Frugivorous Vertebrates to Plant Resource Variability over Space and Time at Gunung Palung National Park. INT J PRIMATOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Ni QY, Huang B, Liang ZL, Wang XW, Jiang XL. Dietary variability in the western black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) inhabiting an isolated and disturbed forest fragment in Southern Yunnan, China. Am J Primatol 2013; 76:217-29. [PMID: 24130061 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Forest fragmentation and isolation can reduce the size of available habitat and lead to lower food availability for some primate species. The persistence of nonhuman primates in fragments depends largely on their ability to adjust their diet in response environmental change. The western black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) is distributed in northern Vietnam, northwestern Laos, and southwestern China, but little is known about its diet except from studies in the well-protected forests of Mt. Wuliang and Mt. Ailao, central Yunnan. We studied food abundance and diet over 2 years in a small group surviving in an isolated and disturbed forest at Bajiaohe, southern Yunnan, and drew a comparison with the population at Dazhaizi in Mt. Wuliang. We found that gibbons at Bajiaohe consumed mostly fruit, but did not eat figs, unlike most other gibbon populations. Liana fruits and mature leaves were used as alternative foods during periods of tree fruit scarcity. Our results indicate that gibbons in Bajiaohe respond to habitat fragmentation and isolation by consuming a variety of plant species, depending on those that are locally available, and increasing time spent feeding on fruits of trees and lianas rather than increasing time spent consuming leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
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Grow N, Gursky S, Duma Y. Altitude and Forest Edges Influence the Density and Distribution of Pygmy Tarsiers (Tarsius pumilus). Am J Primatol 2013; 75:464-77. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Grow
- Department of Anthropology; Texas A&M University; College Station; Texas
| | - Sharon Gursky
- Department of Anthropology; Texas A&M University; College Station; Texas
| | - Yulius Duma
- Faculty of Agriculture; Tadulako University, Palu; Sulawesi Tengah; Indonesia
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KIM SANHA, LAPPAN SUSAN, CHOE JAEC. Responses of Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) Groups in Submontane Forest to Monthly Variation in Food Availability: Evidence for Variation on a Fine Spatial Scale. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:1154-67. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - JAE C. CHOE
- Ewha Womans University; Seoul; Republic of Korea
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SANTOSA YANTO, TAQIUDDIN, MUSTARI ABDULHARIS, RAHMAN DEDEAULIA. Cohabitation Study of the Leaf Monkey and Bornean White-Bearded Gibbons in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.19.3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Vogel ER, Crowley BE, Knott CD, Blakely MD, Larsen MD, Dominy NJ. A Noninvasive Method for Estimating Nitrogen Balance in Free-Ranging Primates. INT J PRIMATOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-011-9543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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O’Brien TG, Kinnaird MF. Demography of Agile Gibbons (Hylobates agilis) in a Lowland Tropical Rain Forest of Southern Sumatra, Indonesia: Problems in Paradise. INT J PRIMATOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-011-9537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Kim S, Lappan S, Choe JC. Diet and ranging behavior of the endangered Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in a submontane tropical rainforest. Am J Primatol 2010; 73:270-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hamard M, Cheyne SM, Nijman V. Vegetation correlates of gibbon density in the peat-swamp forest of the Sabangau catchment, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Am J Primatol 2010; 72:607-16. [PMID: 20186760 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the complex relationship between primates and their habitats is essential for effective conservation plans. Peat-swamp forest has recently been recognized as an important habitat for the Southern Bornean gibbon (Hylobates albibarbis), but information is scarce on the factors that link gibbon density to characteristics of this unique ecosystem. Our aims in this study were firstly to estimate gibbon density in different forest subtypes in a newly protected, secondary peat-swamp forest in the Sabangau Catchment, Indonesia, and secondly to identify which vegetation characteristics correlate with gibbon density. Data collection was conducted in a 37.1 km(2) area, using auditory sampling methods and vegetation "speed plotting". Gibbon densities varied between survey sites from 1.39 to 3.92 groups/km(2). Canopy cover, tree height, density of large trees and food availability were significantly correlated with gibbon density, identifying the preservation of tall trees and good canopy cover as a conservation priority for the gibbon population in the Sabangau forest. This survey indicates that selective logging, which specifically targets large trees and disrupts canopy cover, is likely to have adverse effects on gibbon populations in peat-swamp forests, and calls for greater protection of these little-studied ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hamard
- School of Social Science and Law, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Gypsy Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Marshall AJ, Boyko CM, Feilen KL, Boyko RH, Leighton M. Defining fallback foods and assessing their importance in primate ecology and evolution. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 140:603-14. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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