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Pagliano E, Campanella B, D'Ulivo A, Mester Z. Derivatization chemistries for the determination of inorganic anions and structurally related compounds by gas chromatography - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1025:12-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nair V, Bang WY, Schreckinger E, Andarwulan N, Cisneros-Zevallos L. Protective Role of Ternatin Anthocyanins and Quercetin Glycosides from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea Leguminosae) Blue Flower Petals against Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation in Macrophage Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6355-65. [PMID: 26120869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Twelve phenolic metabolites (nine ternatin anthocyanins and three glycosylated quercetins) were identified from the blue flowers of Clitoria ternatea by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n)). Three anthocyanins not reported in this species before show fragmentation pattern of the ternatin class. Extracts were fractionated in fractions containing flavonols (F3) and ternatin anthocyanins (F4). In general, C. ternatea polyphenols showed anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with distinct molecular targets. Flavonols (F3) showed strong inhibition of COX-2 activity and partial ROS suppression. On the other hand, the ternatin anthocyanins (F4) inhibited nuclear NF-κB translocation, iNOS protein expression, and NO production through a non-ROS suppression mechanism. Accordingly, quercetin glycosides and ternatin anthocyanins from the blue flower petals of C. ternatea may be useful in developing drugs or nutraceuticals for protection against chronic inflammatory diseases by suppressing the excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators from macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woo Young Bang
- §National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 404-708, Korea
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Hidalgo M, Martin-Santamaria S, Recio I, Sanchez-Moreno C, de Pascual-Teresa B, Rimbach G, de Pascual-Teresa S. Potential anti-inflammatory, anti-adhesive, anti/estrogenic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of anthocyanins and their gut metabolites. GENES & NUTRITION 2012; 7:295-306. [PMID: 22218934 PMCID: PMC3316741 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated a positive association between the intake of foods rich in anthocyanins and the protection against cardiovascular diseases. Some authors have shown that anthocyanins are degraded by the gut microflora giving rise to the formation of other breakdown metabolites, which could also contribute to anthocyanin health effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of anthocyanins and their breakdown metabolites, protocatechuic, syringic, gallic, and vanillic acids, on different parameters involved in atherosclerosis, including inflammation, cell adhesion, chemotaxis, endothelial function, estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activity, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. From the assayed metabolites, only protocatechuic acid exhibited a slight inhibitory effect on NO production and TNF-α secretion in LPS-INF-γ-induced macrophages. Gallic acid caused a decrease in the secretion of MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in endothelial cells. All anthocyanins showed an ACE-inhibitory activity. Delphinidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, and gallic acid showed affinity for ERβ and pelargonidin and peonidin-3-glucosides for ERα. The current data suggest that anthocyanins and their breakdown metabolites may partly provide a protective effect against atherosclerosis that is multi-causal and involves different biochemical pathways. However, the concentrations of anthocyanins and their metabolites, as used in the present cell culture and in vitro assays mediating anti-inflammatory, anti-adhesive, anti-estrogenic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities, were often manifold higher than those physiologically achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hidalgo
- Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martin-Santamaria
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidra Recio
- Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Alimentacion (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Campus de la Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Nicolas Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepcion Sanchez-Moreno
- Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Pascual-Teresa
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kallakunta VM, Staruch A, Mutus B. Sinapinic acid can replace ascorbate in the biotin switch assay. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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