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Aghasizadeh M, Moghaddam T, Bahrami AR, Sadeghian H, Alavi SJ, Matin MM. 8-Geranyloxycarbostyril as a potent 15-LOX-1 inhibitor showed great anti-tumor effects against prostate cancer. Life Sci 2022; 293:120272. [PMID: 35065164 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbostyrils are quinolone derivatives, with possible growth inhibition properties on cancer cells. Unlike many tumors, 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) is highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and has oncogenic properties. Here, with the hypothesis that 6-, 7- and 8-geranyloxycarbostyril (GQ) have inhibitory properties on 15-LOX-1, their effects were assessed on PCa cells. Their cytotoxic effects were evaluated by MTT assay and mechanism of cell death was investigated using annexin V/PI staining. Finally, the anti-tumor properties of 8-GQ were assessed in immunocompromised C57BL/6 mice bearing human PCa cells. Accordingly, these compounds could effectively inhibit 15-LOX activity in PCa cells. MTT and flow cytometry tests confirmed their toxic effects on PCa cells, with no significant toxicity on normal cells, and apoptosis was the main mechanism of cell death. In vivo results indicated that use of 8-GQ at 50 mg/kg had stronger anti-tumor effects than 5 mg/kg cisplatin, with fewer side effects on normal tissues. Therefore, 8-GQ can be introduced as a potential drug candidate with 15-LOX-1 inhibitory potency, which can be effective in treatment of prostate cancer, and should be considered for further drug screening investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Aghasizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tayebe Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadeghian
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Alavi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhang C, Hua Y, Li X, Kong X, Chen Y. Key volatile off-flavor compounds in peas (Pisum sativum L.) and their relations with the endogenous precursors and enzymes using soybean (Glycine max) as a reference. Food Chem 2020; 333:127469. [PMID: 32673955 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dominant volatile off-flavor compounds of pea and soy milk were investigated by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS), sensory evaluation, and odor-activity values (OAVs), which led to the identification of their differences. We identified 11 aroma compounds as important odorants with OAVs greater than 1 in pea and soy milk. OAVs contribution rate demonstrated that 6 compounds contributed most to the characteristic off-flavor of pea milk, among which 2-methoxy-3-isopropyl-(5 or 6)-methyl pyrazine, hexanal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal contributed more than others. For soy milk, 1-octen-3-one, hexanal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal showed more important contributions. These odor-active compounds were divided into non-lipoxygenase (non-LOX) and LOX pathways based on their synthesis. Several endogenous enzymes that are important to the LOX pathway were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the contents of key off-flavor compounds were found to be related to the enzyme activities, while the lipid content was not an important factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimeng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yufei Hua
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xingfei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yeming Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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Kalumbi M, Matumba L, Mtimuni B, Mwangwela A, Gama AP. Hydrothermally Treated Soybeans Can Enrich Maize Stiff Porridge (Africa's Main Staple) without Negating Sensory Acceptability. Foods 2019; 8:E650. [PMID: 31817621 PMCID: PMC6963911 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize-based stiff porridge, a starchy protein-deficient staple food, dominates among the populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Unfortunately, this is often consumed along with leafy vegetables since the majority of the population in this region lack resources for the purchase of high protein animal source foods, a situation that exacerbates protein-energy malnutrition. Considering this, the current study evaluated the effect of enriching maize-based stiff porridge with flour made from hydrothermally treated soybeans on consumer acceptability. A total of nine experimental flours were prepared from maize and maize-soybean mixtures following a 32 factorial design involving two factors, namely maize flour type (whole maize, non-soaked dehulled maize, and soaked dehulled maize) and soybean flour proportion (0%, 20%, and 30%). A total of 125 adult consumers from a rural setting in Malawi evaluated maize-based stiff porridges made thereof using a 7-point hedonic scale. Subsequently, the participants were asked to guess an ingredient that was added to some of the test samples. The 10% and 20% soybean-enriched maize-based stiff porridges scored 5/7 and above, with some being statistically similar to plain maize-based stiff porridges. No participant recognized that soybeans were incorporated into the maize-based stiff porridges. The study has clearly demonstrated the potential of enriching maize-based stiff porridge with hydrothermally treated soybeans without compromising consumer acceptability. This innovation could significantly contribute towards reducing the burden of energy-protein under-nutrition in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kalumbi
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Box 219 Lilongwe, Malawi; (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Limbikani Matumba
- Food Technology and Nutrition Research Group—NRC, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Box 143 Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Beatrice Mtimuni
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Box 219 Lilongwe, Malawi; (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Agnes Mwangwela
- Department Food Science, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Box 219 Lilongwe, Malawi; (A.M.); (A.P.G.)
| | - Aggrey P. Gama
- Department Food Science, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Box 219 Lilongwe, Malawi; (A.M.); (A.P.G.)
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Kollárová R, Holková I, Rauová D, Bálintová B, Mikuš P, Obložinský M. HPLC Analysis and Biochemical Characterization of LOX from Eschscholtzia californica Cham. Molecules 2017; 22:E1899. [PMID: 29113053 PMCID: PMC6150234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant lipoxygenases (LOXs, EC 1.13.11.12) are involved in lipid degradation, regulation of growth and development, senescence, and defence reactions. LOX represents the starting enzyme of the octadecanoid pathway. The aim of the work was to purify LOX from California poppy (Eschscholtzia californica Cham.), to determine its biochemical properties and to identify and quantify the products of LOX reaction with unsaturated fatty acids. METHODS LOX from California poppy seedlings was purified by hydrophobic chromatography (Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B) and by ion-exchange chromatography (Q-Sepharose). The isolated LOX was incubated with linoleic acid used as a substrate. The HPLC experiments were performed with the Agilent Technologies 1050 series HPLC system. For the preparative separation of a mixture of hydroxy fatty acids from the sample matrix, the RP-HPLC method was used (column 120-5 Nucleosil C18). Then, the NP-HPLC analysis (separation, identification, and determination) of hydroxy fatty acid isomers was carried out on a Zorbax Rx-SIL column. RESULTS The purified LOX indicates the presence of a nontraditional plant enzyme with dual positional specificity (a ratio of 9- and 13-hydroperoxide products 1:1), a relative molecular mass of 85 kDa, a pH optimum of 6.5, an increasing activity stimulation by CaCl₂ till 2 mM, and a high substrate reactivity to linoleic acid with kinetic values of KM 2.6 mM and Vmax 3.14 μM/min/mg. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the LOX from California poppy seedlings was partially purified and the biochemical properties of the enzyme were analyzed. A dual positional specificity of the LOX found from California poppy seedlings is in agreement with the results obtained for LOXs isolated from other Papaveraceaes. A 1:1 ratio of 9-/13-HODE is attractive for the simultaneous investigation of both biotic stress responses (indicated by the 9-HODE marker) and the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and jasmonates (indicated by the 13-HODE marker).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Kollárová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ivana Holková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Drahomíra Rauová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Barbora Bálintová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Obložinský
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Hayward S, Cilliers T, Swart P. Lipoxygenases: From Isolation to Application. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 16:199-211. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hayward
- Dept. of Biochemistry; Stellenbosch Univ; Private Bag X1 Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - Tertius Cilliers
- Dept. of Biochemistry; Stellenbosch Univ; Private Bag X1 Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - Pieter Swart
- Dept. of Biochemistry; Stellenbosch Univ; Private Bag X1 Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
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Stephany M, Bader-Mittermaier S, Schweiggert-Weisz U, Carle R. Lipoxygenase activity in different species of sweet lupin (Lupinus L.) seeds and flakes. Food Chem 2015; 174:400-6. [PMID: 25529698 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenase (LOX)-catalysed degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is supposed to be a major cause of undesirable off-flavour development in legumes. In the present study, a photometric LOX assay including adequate sample workup was adapted to lupin seeds, kernels and flakes, respectively. Optimum reaction conditions were at pH 7.5 using a phosphate buffer concentration of 150 mmol l(-1) without the addition of sodium chloride. The LOX activities of different lupin species and varieties were compared. Significant variations among the species and varieties ranging from 50 to 1004 units mg(-1) protein were determined, being significantly lower than soybean LOX activity. Hulling and flaking of the seeds resulted in a 15% increase of LOX activity. In contrast to soy and other legumes, LOX from lupin only converted free fatty acids, whereas trilinolein and β-carotene were not oxidised. Consequently, according to the established classification, lupin LOX activity may be assigned to the LOX type-1, which, to the best of our knowledge, was demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stephany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bader-Mittermaier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Ute Schweiggert-Weisz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Technology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University, Garbenstraße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Chedea VS, Braicu C, Chirilă F, Ogola HJO, Pelmuş RŞ, Călin LG, Socaciu C. Antioxidant/Prooxidant and antibacterial/probacterial effects of a grape seed extract in complex with lipoxygenase. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:313684. [PMID: 25313359 PMCID: PMC4181939 DOI: 10.1155/2014/313684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to determine the antioxidant/prooxidant, antibacterial/probacterial action of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins from grape seeds, pure catechin (CS), and an aqueous grape seed extract (PE), were applied in the absence and presence of pure lipoxygenase (LS) or in extract (LE) to leucocyte culture, Escherichia coli B 41 and Brevibacterium linens, and observed whether there was any effect on lipid peroxidation, cytotoxicity, or growth rate. Short time periods of coincubation of cells with the polyphenols, followed by the exposure to LS and LE, revealed a high level of lipid peroxidation and a prooxidative effect. Longer coincubation and addition of LS and LE resulted in the reversal of the prooxidant action either to antioxidant activity for CS + LS and PE + LS or to the control level for CS + LE and PE + LE. Lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced when cells were exposed to polyphenols over a longer period. Longer exposure of E. coli to CS or PE followed by addition of LS for 3 h resulted in bactericidal activity. Significant stimulatory effect on microbial growth was observed for PE + LS and PE + LE treatments in B. linens, illustrating the potential probacterial activity in B. linens cultures. Lipoxygenase-polyphenols complex formation was found to be responsible for the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucureşti nr. 1, Baloteşti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400 565 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flore Chirilă
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Henry Joseph Oduor Ogola
- School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 210, Bondo 40601, Kenya
| | - Rodica Ştefania Pelmuş
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucureşti nr. 1, Baloteşti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania
| | - Loredana Georgeta Călin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucureşti nr. 1, Baloteşti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Mandal S, Dahuja A, Kar A, Santha IM. In vitro kinetics of soybean lipoxygenase with combinatorial fatty substrates and its functional significance in off flavour development. Food Chem 2014; 146:394-403. [PMID: 24176359 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenase (Lox) mediated oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in mature soya seeds results in objectionable flavour. In the present study, Lox isozymes were purified to near homogeneity (107-fold). Lox-2 and 3 displayed remarkable kinetic preference (1.7 and 1.5-fold, respectively) for low PUFA ratios (LA/LeA) (PRs) among the selected PUFA combinations. Lox-1 displayed no specific preference. Pure Lox-1 displayed unbiased response towards substrates with marginal preference (1.2-fold) for linoleic acid at its optimum pH. Volatile compounds profiling showed a direct relationship between PRs and hexanal to trans-2-hexenal (1.47, 2.24 and 18.90 for 2, 7 and 15 PRs, respectively) ratio. The off-flavour determining parameters like TBA value, carbonyl value and lipid hydroperoxides (LHPODs) exhibited significant negative correlation (0.76, 0.74, 0.72; p<0.0001) in selected soya genotypes displaying varied PRs and significant positive correlation (0.89, 0.81. 0.89; p<0.0001) with ratio of PI (polyene index) to PRs - suggesting the plausible significance of PUFA ratios in biological lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mandal
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Physalis alkekengi carotenoidic extract inhibitor of soybean lipoxygenase-1 activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:589168. [PMID: 24511537 PMCID: PMC3910512 DOI: 10.1155/2014/589168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the carotenoidic saponified extract of Physalis alkekengi sepals (PA) towards the lipoxygenase (LOX) oxidation of linoleic acid. Lipoxygenase activity in the presence of carotenoids, standard and from extract, was followed by its kinetic behaviour determining the changes in absorption at 234 nm. The standard carotenoids used were β-carotene (β-car), lutein (Lut), and zeaxanthin (Zea). The calculated enzymatic specific activity (ESA) after 600 s of reaction proves that PA carotenoidic extract has inhibitory effect on LOX oxidation of linoleic acid. A longer polyenic chain of carotenoid structure gives a higher ESA during the first reaction seconds. This situation is not available after 600 s of reaction and may be due to a destruction of this structure by cooxidation of carotenoids, besides the classical LOX reaction. The PA carotenoidic extract inhibiting the LOX-1 reaction can be considered a source of lipoxygenase inhibitors.
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VICAŞ SIMONAIOANA, CHEDEA VERONICASANDA, SOCACIU CARMEN. INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF ISOFLAVONES ON SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE-1 ACTIVITY. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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