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The Current Landscape of Bioactive Molecules against DENV: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:2236210. [PMID: 36818227 PMCID: PMC9937760 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2236210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
With a 30-fold increase in incidence over the previous 50 years, dengue fever is now the most widespread viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes in the world. The intricate interaction of the human defense system, hereditary predisposition, and specific bitterness elements is more likely to be the pathogenesis of dengue. There are presently no viable treatments for dengue. Synthetic drugs which are used against this ailment also show major side effects. There must be a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism generating severe symptoms to develop auguring markers, cutting-edge diagnostics, and treatments and finally a well-rounded and secure antiserum. Hence, the aim is to search for safer and more potent drugs derived from plants. Plants or herbs are mainly targeting replication or its enzyme or specific stereotypes, though an exact mechanism of phytoconstituents interfering with the viral replication is still undiscovered. The present attempt provided the update with the objective to bringing up forward pathophysiological eventualities involved in dengue virus along with the naturally derived treatment relevant to provide the impregnable therapy by evading the noxious symptoms for dengue fever. Governor's plum, Cryptocarya chartacea, magnolia berry, and Chinese ginger are such plants exhibiting many effective phytoconstituents against DENV and can be further explored for novel drug discovery by medicinal scientists.
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Ghosh A, Ghosh B, Parihar N, Ilaweibaphyrnai M, Panda SR, Alexander A, Chella N, Murty U, Naidu V, Kumar G J, Pemmaraju DB. Nutraceutical prospects of Houttuynia cordata against the infectious viruses. FOOD BIOSCI 2022; 50:101977. [PMID: 36059903 PMCID: PMC9423882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The novel enveloped β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has offered a surprising health challenge all over the world. It develops severe pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Like SARS-COV-2, other encapsulated viruses like HIV, HSV, and influenza have also offered a similar challenge in the past. In this regard, many antiviral drugs are being explored with varying degrees of success to combat the associated pathological conditions. Therefore, upon scientific validation & development, these antiviral phytochemicals can attain a futuristic nutraceutical prospect in managing different encapsulated viruses. Houttuynia cordata (HC) is widely reported for activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. The major antiviral bioactive components of HC include essential oils (methyl n-nonyl ketone, lauryl aldehyde, capryl aldehyde), flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, hyperin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin), and alkaloids (norcepharadione B) & polysaccharides. HC can further be explored as a potential nutraceutical agent in the therapy of encapsulated viruses like HIV, HSV, and influenza. The review listed various conventional and green technologies that are being employed to extract potent phytochemicals with diverse activities from the HC. It was indicated that HC also inhibited molecular targets like 3C-like protease (3CLPRO) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of COVID-19 by blocking viral RNA synthesis and replication. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of HC have been evident in impeding complications from marketed drugs during antiviral therapies. The use of HC as a nutraceutical is localized within some parts of Southeast Asia. Further technological advances can establish it as a nutraceutical-based functional food against pathogenic enveloped viruses like COVID 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Bijoyani Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Nidhi Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Myrthong Ilaweibaphyrnai
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Samir R Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Naveen Chella
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Usn Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Vgm Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Jagadeesh Kumar G
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Deepak B Pemmaraju
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
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Dharmapalan BT, Biswas R, Sankaran S, Venkidasamy B, Thiruvengadam M, George G, Rebezov M, Zengin G, Gallo M, Montesano D, Naviglio D, Shariati MA. Inhibitory Potential of Chromene Derivatives on Structural and Non-Structural Proteins of Dengue Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122656. [PMID: 36560664 PMCID: PMC9787897 DOI: 10.3390/v14122656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has become a serious health issue across the globe. It is caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family, and it comprises five different serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-5). As there is no specific medicine or effective vaccine for controlling dengue fever, there is an urgent need to develop potential inhibitors against it. Traditionally, various natural products have been used to manage dengue fever and its co-morbid conditions. A detailed analysis of these plants revealed the presence of various chromene derivatives as the major phytochemicals. Inspired by these observations, authors have critically analyzed the anti-dengue virus potential of various 4H chromene derivatives. Further, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo reports of these scaffolds against the dengue virus are detailed in the present manuscript. These analogues exerted their activity by interfering with various stages of viral entry, assembly, and replications. Moreover, these analogues mainly target envelope protein, NS2B-NS3 protease, and NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, etc. Overall, chromene-containing analogues exerted a potent activity against the dengue virus and the present review will be helpful for the further exploration of these scaffolds for the development of novel antiviral drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babitha Thekkiniyedath Dharmapalan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Sathianarayanan Sankaran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Karpagam University, Pollachi Main Road, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore 641021, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginson George
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73 Zemlyanoy Val, 109004 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Ural State Agricultural University, 42 Karl Liebknecht Str., 620075 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Naviglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73 Zemlyanoy Val, 109004 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
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Dhiman M, Sharma L, Dadhich A, Dhawan P, Sharma MM. Traditional Knowledge to Contemporary Medication in the Treatment of Infectious Disease Dengue: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:750494. [PMID: 35359838 PMCID: PMC8963989 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.750494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue has become a worldwide affliction despite incessant efforts to search for a cure for this long-lived disease. Optimistic consequences for dengue vaccine are implausible as the efficiency is tied to previous dengue virus (DENV) exposure and a very high cost is required for large-scale production of vaccine. Medicinal plants are idyllic substitutes to fight DENV infection since they constitute important components of traditional medicine and show antiviral properties, although the mechanism behind the action of bioactive compounds to obstruct viral replication is less explored and yet to be discovered. This review includes the existing traditional knowledge on how DENV infects and multiplies in the host cells, conscripting different medicinal plants that obtained bioactive compounds with anti-dengue properties, and the probable mechanism on how bioactive compounds modulate the host immune system during DENV infection. Moreover, different plant species having such bioactive compounds reported for anti-DENV efficiency should be validated scientifically via different in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Dhiman
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Lakshika Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Abhishek Dadhich
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | | | - M. M. Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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In Silico Screening of Potential Phytocompounds from Several Herbs against SARS-CoV-2 Indian Delta Variant B.1.617.2 to Inhibit the Spike Glycoprotein Trimer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In October 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 lineage was discovered in India. It has since become a prominent variant in several Indian regions and 156 countries, including the United States of America. The lineage B.1.617.2 is termed the delta variant, harboring diverse spike mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which may heighten its immune evasion potentiality and cause it to be more transmissible than other variants. As a result, it has sparked substantial scientific investigation into the development of effective vaccinations and anti-viral drugs. Several efforts have been made to examine ancient medicinal herbs known for their health benefits and immune-boosting action against SARS-CoV-2, including repurposing existing FDA-approved anti-viral drugs. No efficient anti-viral drugs are available against the SARS-CoV-2 Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. In this study, efforts were made to shed light on the potential of 603 phytocompounds from 22 plant species to inhibit the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. We also compared these compounds with the standard drug ceftriaxone, which was already suggested as a beneficial drug in COVID-19 treatment; these compounds were compared with other FDA-approved drugs: remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxy-chloroquine, lopinavir, and ritonavir. From the analysis, the identified phytocompounds acteoside (−7.3 kcal/mol) and verbascoside (−7.1 kcal/mol), from the plants Clerodendrum serratum and Houttuynia cordata, evidenced a strong inhibitory effect against the mutated NTD (MT-NTD). In addition, the phytocompounds kanzonol V (−6.8 kcal/mol), progeldanamycin (−6.4 kcal/mol), and rhodoxanthin (−7.5 kcal/mol), from the plant Houttuynia cordata, manifested significant prohibition against RBD. Nevertheless, the standard drug, ceftriaxone, signals less inhibitory effect against MT-NTD and RBD with binding affinities of −6.3 kcal/mol and −6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. In this study, we also emphasized the pharmacological properties of the plants, which contain the screened phytocompounds. Our research could be used as a lead for future drug design to develop anti-viral drugs, as well as for preening the Siddha formulation to control the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2 and other future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Sarkar C, Quispe C, Islam MT, Jamaddar S, Akram M, Munior N, Martorell M, Kumar M, Sharifi-Rad J, Cruz-Martins N. Plant-derived alkaloids acting on dengue virus and their vectors: from chemistry to pharmacology. Future Microbiol 2021; 17:143-155. [PMID: 34913374 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection, with its prevention and control depending on effective vector control measures. At present, dengue virus (DENV) is an epidemic in more than 100 countries of Southeast Asia, Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, the Americas and the Western Pacific. Several alkaloids isolated from natural herbs can serve as a reservoir for antiDENV drug development. Traditionally, plant extracts rich in alkaloids are used for the treatment of fever and have also revealed antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria, fungi and virus. The present narrative review collates the literature-based scenario of alkaloids and derivatives acting on DENV. The mechanism of action of such alkaloids with antiDENV and vector activity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka), 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, 1110939, Chile
| | - Muhammad T Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka), 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Sarmin Jamaddar
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munior
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, & Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, 4070386, Chile
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical & Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | | | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal.,Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,Institute of Research & Advanced Training in Health Sciences & Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, Gandra PRD, 4585-116, Portugal
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7
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Islam MT, Quispe C, Herrera-Bravo J, Sarkar C, Sharma R, Garg N, Fredes LI, Martorell M, Alshehri MM, Sharifi-Rad J, Daştan SD, Calina D, Alsafi R, Alghamdi S, Batiha GES, Cruz-Martins N. Production, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Control of Dengue Virus: A Literature-Based Undivided Perspective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4224816. [PMID: 34957305 PMCID: PMC8694986 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4224816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dengue remains one of the most serious and widespread mosquito-borne viral infections in human beings, with serious health problems or even death. About 50 to 100 million people are newly infected annually, with almost 2.5 billion people living at risk and resulting in 20,000 deaths. Dengue virus infection is especially transmitted through bites of Aedes mosquitos, hugely spread in tropical and subtropical environments, mostly found in urban and semiurban areas. Unfortunately, there is no particular therapeutic approach, but prevention, adequate consciousness, detection at earlier stage of viral infection, and appropriate medical care can lower the fatality rates. This review offers a comprehensive view of production, transmission, pathogenesis, and control measures of the dengue virus and its vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka)8100, Bangladesh
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka)8100, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Radi Alsafi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
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Panda K, Alagarasu K, Patil P, Agrawal M, More A, Kumar NV, Mainkar PS, Parashar D, Cherian S. In Vitro Antiviral Activity of α-Mangostin against Dengue Virus Serotype-2 (DENV-2). Molecules 2021; 26:3016. [PMID: 34069351 PMCID: PMC8158742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, is a threat for global health as it infects more than 100 million people yearly. Approved antiviral therapies or vaccines for the treatment or prevention of DENV infections are not available. In the present study, natural compounds were screened for their antiviral activity against DENV by in vitro cell line-based assay. α-Mangostin, a xanthanoid, was observed to exert antiviral activity against DENV-2 under pre-, co- and post-treatment testing conditions. The antiviral activity was determined by foci forming unit (FFU) assay, quantitative RT-PCR and cell-based immunofluorescence assay (IFA). A complete inhibition of DENV-2 was observed at 8 µM under the co-treatment condition. The possible inhibitory mechanism of α-Mangostin was also determined by docking studies. The molecular docking experiments indicate that α-Mangostin can interact with multiple DENV protein targets such as the NS5 methyltransferase, NS2B-NS3 protease and the glycoprotein E. The in vitro and in silico findings suggest that α-Mangostin possesses the ability to suppress DENV-2 production at different stages of its replication cycle and might act as a prophylactic/therapeutic agent against DENV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Panda
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India; (K.P.); (K.A.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Kalichamy Alagarasu
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India; (K.P.); (K.A.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Poonam Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India; (K.P.); (K.A.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Megha Agrawal
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India; (K.P.); (K.A.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Ashwini More
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India; (K.P.); (K.A.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Naveen V. Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.V.K.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Prathama S. Mainkar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.V.K.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Deepti Parashar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India; (K.P.); (K.A.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Sarah Cherian
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India; (K.P.); (K.A.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (A.M.)
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Identification of phytocompounds from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. as potential inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 replication proteins through GC-MS/LC-MS characterization, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Mol Divers 2021; 26:365-388. [PMID: 33961167 PMCID: PMC8103070 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a massive viral disease outbreak of international concerns. The present study is mainly intended to identify the bioactive phytocompounds from traditional antiviral herb Houttuynia cordata Thunb. as potential inhibitors for three main replication proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely Main protease (Mpro), Papain-Like protease (PLpro) and ADP ribose phosphatase (ADRP) which control the replication process. A total of 177 phytocompounds were characterized from H. cordata using GC–MS/LC–MS and they were docked against three SARS-CoV-2 proteins (receptors), namely Mpro, PLpro and ADRP using Epic, LigPrep and Glide module of Schrödinger suite 2020-3. During docking studies, phytocompounds (ligand) 6-Hydroxyondansetron (A104) have demonstrated strong binding affinity toward receptors Mpro (PDB ID 6LU7) and PLpro (PDB ID 7JRN) with G-score of − 7.274 and − 5.672, respectively, while Quercitrin (A166) also showed strong binding affinity toward ADRP (PDB ID 6W02) with G-score -6.788. Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS) performed using Desmond module of Schrödinger suite 2020–3 has demonstrated better stability in the ligand–receptor complexes A104-6LU7 and A166-6W02 within 100 ns than the A104-7JRN complex. The ADME-Tox study performed using SwissADMEserver for pharmacokinetics of the selected phytocompounds 6-Hydroxyondansetron (A104) and Quercitrin (A166) demonstrated that 6-Hydroxyondansetron passes all the required drug discovery rules which can potentially inhibit Mpro and PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 without causing toxicity while Quercitrin demonstrated less drug-like properties but also demonstrated as potential inhibitor for ADRP. Present findings confer opportunities for 6-Hydroxyondansetron and Quercitrin to be developed as new therapeutic drug against COVID-19.
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Saleh MSM, Kamisah Y. Potential Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Dengue Fever and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus. Biomolecules 2020; 11:42. [PMID: 33396926 PMCID: PMC7824034 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While dengue virus (DENV) infection imposes a serious challenge to the survival of humans worldwide, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) remains the most devastating pandemic in human history. A significant number of studies have shown that plant-derived substances could serve as potential candidates for the development of safe and efficacious remedies for combating these diseases. Different scientific databases were used to source for literature on plants used against these infections. Thirty-five studies described the traditional use of 25 species from 20 families for treating DENV infection with Carica papaya and Euphorbia hirta were the most widely used across different regions. 13 in vivo studies, 32 in vitro studies, and eight clinical studies were conducted on 30 species from 25 families against different DENV serotypes, while plants from 13 families were reported to inhibit different forms of SARS-CoV, all of which were investigated through in vitro studies. Phytoconstituents belonging to various chemical classes were identified to show a wide range of antiviral activity against these infections. Extensive studies on the potentials of medicinal plants are needed to confirm their efficacy. This paper reveals the capabilities of medicinal plants and their phytochemicals in inhibiting DENV and SARS-CoV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
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Ali F, Chorsiya A, Anjum V, Khasimbi S, Ali A. A systematic review on phytochemicals for the treatment of dengue. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1782-1816. [PMID: 33118251 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is prevalent in subtopic regions, producing mortality and morbidity worldwide, which have been of major concern to different governments and World Health Organization. The search of new anti-dengue agents from phytochemicals was assumed to be highly emergent in past. The phytochemicals have been used in wide distribution of vector ailments such as malaria. The demand of the phytochemicals is based on the medicines which are mostly considered to be safer, less harmful than synthetic drugs and nontoxic. This review mentions majorly about the phytochemicals potentially inhibiting dengue fever around the world. The phytochemicals have been isolated from different species, have potential for the treatment of dengue. Different crude extracts and essential oils obtained from different species showed a broad activity against different phytochemicals. The current studies showed that natural products represent a rich source of medicines toward the dengue fever. Furthermore, ethnobotanical surveys and laboratory investigation established identified natural plants species in the development of drug discovery to control the dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraat Ali
- Department of Inspection and Licensing, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Anushma Chorsiya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Varisha Anjum
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Hosseini S, Muñoz-Soto RB, Oliva-Ramírez J, Vázquez-Villegas P, Aghamohammadi N, Rodriguez-Garcia A, Martinez-Chapa SO. Latest Updates in Dengue Fever Therapeutics: Natural, Marine and Synthetic Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:719-744. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180629124709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the history of Dengue, the mechanism of infection, the
molecular characteristics and components of Dengue, the mechanism of entry to the target
cells, cyclization of the genome and replication process, as well as translation of the proteins
for virus assembly. The major emphasis of this work is on natural products and plant extracts,
which were used for as palliative or adjuvant treatment of Dengue. This review article also
summarizes the latest findings in regards to the marine products as effective drugs to target
different symptoms of Dengue. Furthermore, an update on synthetic drugs for treating Dengue
is provided in this review. As a novel alternative, we describe monoclonal antibody therapy
for Dengue management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Hosseini
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo B. Muñoz-Soto
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Calle del Puente 222, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Oliva-Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Ave. Lago de Guadalupe Km 3.5, Cd Lopez Mateos, Atizapan, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Nasrin Aghamohammadi
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto de Biotecnología. Ave. Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico
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Ellan K, Thayan R, Raman J, Hidari KIPJ, Ismail N, Sabaratnam V. Anti-viral activity of culinary and medicinal mushroom extracts against dengue virus serotype 2: an in-vitro study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:260. [PMID: 31533688 PMCID: PMC6751638 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that has become a major public health concern worldwide. Presently, there is no specific vaccine or treatment available for dengue viral infection. METHODS Lignosus rhinocerotis, Pleurotus giganteus, Hericium erinaceus, Schizophyllum commune and Ganoderma lucidium were selected for evaluation of their in-vitro anti-dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) activities. Hot aqueous extracts (HAEs), ethanol extracts (EEs), hexane soluble extracts (HSEs), ethyl acetate soluble extracts (ESEs) and aqueous soluble extracts (ASEs) were prepared from the selected mushrooms. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were evaluated by the MTT assay. The anti-DENV-2 activities of the extracts were evaluated in three different assays: simultaneous, attachment and penetration assays were perfomed using plaque reduction assays and RT-qPCR assays. The effect of the addition time on viral replication was assessed by the time of addition assay, and a virucidal assay was carried out to evaluate the direct effect of each mushroom extract on DENV-2. The chemical composition of glucans, and the protein and phenolic acid contents in the extracts were estimated. RESULTS We found that the HAEs and ASEs of L. rhinocerotis, P. giganteus, H. erinaceus and S. commune were the least toxic to Vero cells and showed very prominent anti-DENV2 activity. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the ASEs ranged between 399.2-637.9 μg/ml, while for the HAEs the range was 312.9-680.6 μg/ml during simultaneous treatment. Significant anti-dengue activity was also detected in the penetration assay of ASEs (IC50: 226.3-315.4 μg/ml) and HAEs (IC50: 943.1-2080.2 μg/ml). Similarly, we observed a marked reduction in the expression levels of the ENV and NS5 genes in the simultaneous and penetration assays of the ASEs and HAEs. Time-of-addition experiments showed that the highest percent of anti-DENV2 activity was observed when the mushroom extracts were added immediately after virus adsorption. None of the extracts exhibited virucidal effect. Chemical composition analysis showed that the major components in the mushroom HAEs and ASEs were glucan (beta D-glucan) and proteins, however, there was no significant correlation between the anti-dengue activity and the concentration of glucans and proteins. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated the potential of mushroom extracts as anti-dengue therapeutic agents with less toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavithambigai Ellan
- 0000 0001 0690 5255grid.415759.bVirology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 0000 0001 2308 5949grid.10347.31Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- 0000 0001 0690 5255grid.415759.bVirology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jegadeesh Raman
- 0000 0004 0636 2782grid.420186.9Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuya I. P. J. Hidari
- 0000 0004 1763 0236grid.265880.1Department of Food and Nutrition, Junior College Division, University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Norizah Ismail
- 0000 0001 0690 5255grid.415759.bVirology Unit, Disease Department, National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- 0000 0001 2308 5949grid.10347.31Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cloning and Expression of NS3 Gene of Pakistani Isolate Type 2 Dengue Virus. J Vet Res 2018; 62:17-26. [PMID: 29978123 PMCID: PMC5957457 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dengue is one of the major emerging viral diseases in the world, with dramatic increases in reported cases in the last few decades and annual worldwide occurrence of approximately 390 million infections. It is a highly important mosquito-vectored disease and is a problem in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The major aim of this study was to clone and express the dengue NS3 gene, in service to its therapeutic importance for the development of stable cell lines. Material and Methods Blood samples from dengue fever (DF) patients were collected and subjected to PCR amplification of the NS3 gene of dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV-2). The NS3 gene was amplified using gene specific primers and cloned in the TA cloning vectors. Results The gene was successfully expressed in mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1. The current finding was different from a previously reported DENV-2 strain replicon constructed in different cells, in which the whole genetic material of the virus was used instead of an active protease gene, and which gave a low yield of replicon expressing cells. Conclusion Recombinant NS3 could be used to produce an antibody that is possibly helpful for developing a single step diagnostic assay to detect the dengue virus NS3 antigen in sera of dengue patients.
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Antiviral Activity of Thiazolide Derivatives Against Dengue Virus in Huh-7 Cell Line. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.62467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Verma RS, Joshi N, Padalia RC, Singh VR, Goswami P, Kumar A, Iqbal H, Verma RK, Chanda D, Chauhan A, Saikia D. Chemical Composition and Allelopathic, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antiacetylcholinesterase Activity of Fish-mint (Houttuynia cordataThunb.) from India. Chem Biodivers 2017. [PMID: 28636756 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fish-mint (Houttuynia cordataThunb.), belonging to family Saururaceae, has long been used as food and traditional herbal medicine. The present study was framed to assess the changes occurring in the essential-oil composition of H. cordata during annual growth and to evaluate allelopathic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiacetylcholinesterase activities. The essential-oil content ranged from 0.06 - 0.14% and 0.08 - 0.16% in aerial parts and underground stem, respectively. The essential oils were analysed by GC-FID, GC/MS, and NMR (1 H and 13 C). Major constituents of aerial-parts oil was 2-undecanone (19.4 - 56.3%), myrcene (2.6 - 44.3%), ethyl decanoate (0.0 - 10.6%), ethyl dodecanoate (1.1 - 8.6%), 2-tridecanone (0.5 - 8.3%), and decanal (1.1 - 6.9%). However, major constituents of underground-stem oil were 2-undecanone (29.5 - 42.3%), myrcene (14.4 - 20.8%), sabinene (6.0 - 11.1%), 2-tridecanone (1.8 - 10.5%), β-pinene (5.3 - 10.0%), and ethyl dodecanoate (0.8 - 7.3%). Cluster analysis revealed that essential-oil composition varied substantially due to the plant parts and season of collection. The oils exhibited significant allelopathic (inhibition: 77.8 - 88.8%; LD50 : 2.45 - 3.05 μl/plate), antibacterial (MIC: 0.52 - 2.08 μl/ml; MBC: bacteriostatic) and antifungal (MIC: 2.08 - 33.33 μl/ml; MFC: 4.16 - 33.33 μl/ml) activities. The results indicate that the essential oil from H. cordata has a significant potential to allow future exploration and exploitation as a natural antimicrobial and allelopathic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram S Verma
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neeta Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, M.B. Govt. P.G. College, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajendra C Padalia
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ved R Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Goswami
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hina Iqbal
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh K Verma
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Chauhan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dharmendra Saikia
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ahn J, Chae HS, Chin YW, Kim J. Alkaloids from aerial parts of Houttuynia cordata and their anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2807-2811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oliveira AFCDS, Teixeira RR, Oliveira ASD, Souza APMD, Silva MLD, Paula SOD. Potential Antivirals: Natural Products Targeting Replication Enzymes of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses. Molecules 2017; 22:E505. [PMID: 28327521 PMCID: PMC6155337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are reemergent arboviruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus. During the last several decades, these viruses have been responsible for millions of cases of infection and thousands of deaths worldwide. Therefore, several investigations were conducted over the past few years to find antiviral compounds for the treatment of DENV and CHIKV infections. One attractive strategy is the screening of compounds that target enzymes involved in the replication of both DENV and CHIKV. In this review, we describe advances in the evaluation of natural products targeting the enzymes involved in the replication of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Costa da Silveira Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas, 39900-000 Almenara, MG, Brazil.
| | - Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - André Silva de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas, 39900-000 Almenara, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Martins de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Milene Lopes da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Oliveira de Paula
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Chiow KH, Phoon MC, Putti T, Tan BKH, Chow VT. Evaluation of antiviral activities of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract, quercetin, quercetrin and cinanserin on murine coronavirus and dengue virus infection. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 9:1-7. [PMID: 26851778 PMCID: PMC7104935 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro activities of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) Thunb. (Saururaceae) and three of its constituent flavonoids (quercetin, quercitrin and rutin) against murine coronavirus and dengue virus (DENV). METHODS The antiviral activities of various concentrations of the EA fraction of H. cordata and flavonoids were assessed using virus neutralization tests against mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and DENV type 2 (DENV-2). Cinanserin hydrochloride was also tested against MHV. The EA fraction of H. cordata was tested for acute oral toxicity in C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS The EA fraction of H. cordata inhibited viral infectivity up to 6 d. Cinanserin hydrochloride was able to inhibit MHV for only 2 d. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the EA fraction of H. cordata added before the viral adsorption stage were 0.98 μg/mL for MHV and 7.50 μg/mL for DENV-2 with absence of cytotoxicity. The mice fed with the EA fraction up to 2000 mg/kg did not induce any signs of acute toxicity, with normal histological features of major organs. Certain flavonoids exhibited comparatively weaker antiviral activity, notably quercetin which could inhibit both MHV and DENV-2. This was followed by quercitrin which could inhibit DENV-2 but not MHV, whereas rutin did not exert any inhibitory effect on either virus. When quercetin was combined with quercitrin, enhancement of anti-DENV-2 activity and reduced cytotoxicity were observed. However, the synergistic efficacy of the flavonoid combination was still less than that of the EA fraction. CONCLUSIONS The compounds in H. cordata contribute to the superior antiviral efficacy of the EA fraction which lacked cytotoxicity in vitro and acute toxicity in vivo. H. cordata has much potential for the development of antiviral agents against coronavirus and dengue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chiow
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - M C Phoon
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Thomas Putti
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Benny K H Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
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Li J, Zhao F. Anti-inflammatory functions of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. and its compounds: A perspective on its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:3-6. [PMID: 26170903 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to take a look at the anti-inflammatory functions of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) that have been illustrated in the literature and to explore new fields in which HCT could be used in the future. The use of HCT has been described in broad inflammatory domains, where it has exhibited a variety of activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic and immunostimulant activity, with high efficiency, mild features and definite therapeutic effects. The numerous anti-inflammatory functions of HCT have demonstrated that HCT has wide application prospects. New uses of HCT and the full extent of its utilization await further investigation. The basic pathological change of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is synovial proliferation which leads to joint destruction in the long-term. There are types of drugs that have been used clinically for patients with RA, however, due to their side-effects or high prices their broad usage is limited. A safe and low-cost drug is urgently required to be developed for the clinical usage of patients with RA. Thus, HCT has the potential to be a good candidate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Third People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China ; Department of Internal Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Futao Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Third People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
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Zhuang T, Li F, Huang LR, Liang JY, Qu W. Secondary Metabolites from the Plants of the Family Saururaceae and Their Biological Properties. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:194-220. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Teixeira RR, Pereira WL, Oliveira AFCDS, da Silva AM, de Oliveira AS, da Silva ML, da Silva CC, de Paula SO. Natural products as source of potential dengue antivirals. Molecules 2014; 19:8151-76. [PMID: 24941340 PMCID: PMC6271820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a neglected disease responsible for 22,000 deaths each year in areas where it is endemic. To date, there is no clinically approved dengue vaccine or antiviral for human beings, even though there have been great efforts to accomplish these goals. Several approaches have been used in the search for dengue antivirals such as screening of compounds against dengue virus enzymes and structure-based computational discovery. During the last decades, researchers have turned their attention to nature, trying to identify compounds that can be used as dengue antivirals. Nature represents a vast reservoir of substances that can be explored with the aim of discovering new leads that can be either used directly as pharmaceuticals or can serve as lead structures that can be optimized towards the development of new antiviral agents against dengue. In this review we describe an assortment of natural products that have been reported as possessing dengue antiviral activity. The natural products are organized into classes of substances. When appropriate, structure-activity relationships are outlined. The biological assays used to assess antiviral activity are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wagner Luiz Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Silva de Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas, 39900-000 Almenara, MG, Brazil
| | - Milene Lopes da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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