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Pedersen K, Ipsen DH, Skat-Rørdam J, Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. Dietary Long-Chain Fatty Acids Accelerate Metabolic Dysfunction in Guinea Pigs with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112445. [PMID: 37299406 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of dietary fatty acids may be important for the development and progression of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study investigated the effect of two high-fat diets based on coconut oil, containing predominantly medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), or cocoa butter, containing mainly long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), on glucose homeostasis and NASH in guinea pigs following 16 and 32 weeks of diet. At week 16, glucose intolerance was increased in the LCFA animals compared to the MCFA animals (p < 0.001), with both groups differing from the controls by week 32 (p < 0.0001), supported by increased hemoglobin A1c (p < 0.05). NASH was present in both high-fat groups from week 16, with advancing fibrosis appearing more progressive in the LCFA animals at week 16. In agreement, gene expression showed overall increased expression of NASH target genes in the LCFA animals compared to the MCFA animals at weeks 16 and 32 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The LCFA animals also displayed increased plasma uric acid at both time points (p < 0.05), a phenomenon linked to NASH in humans. In conclusion, this study reports that a diet high in LCFA promotes metabolic imbalance and may accelerate NASH-associated hepatic fibrosis. This highlights the importance of a critical evaluation of fatty acid composition when investigating NASH-associated endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Pedersen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - David Højland Ipsen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Integrated Physiology Research, Obesity and NASH Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Josephine Skat-Rørdam
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Gowda SGB, Yifan C, Gowda D, Tsuboi Y, Chiba H, Hui SP. Analysis of Antioxidant Lipids in Five Species of Dietary Seaweeds by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081538. [PMID: 36009257 PMCID: PMC9404842 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are a good source of bioactive lipids and are known for their nutritional benefits, making them a valuable food source. Despite their dietary significance and nutritional importance, there are limited reports on comprehensive lipidome analysis of lipids with antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the lipid profiles of five commonly consumed Japanese dietary seaweeds using non-targeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). A total, of 304 molecular species from four major lipid classes were detected and characterized by MS/MS analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed distinct lipid molecular compositions in kombu and sea mustard compared to hijiki, mozuku, and laver seaweeds. Kombu has been shown to contain large amounts of antioxidants, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and a high health promotion index compared to other seaweeds. Hierarchical cluster correlations indicated the predominance of glycerophospholipids (GPs) and glycerolipids (GLs) in sea mustard and kombu. As a result, dietary seaweeds have great potential as antioxidants and health-promoting foods for human consumption due to their high levels of PUFA-rich GPs and GLs. Unsaturated triacylglycerols are predominant in hijiki, whereas other health-beneficial lipids, such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols, are predominant in sea mustard. This study provides a detailed characterization of lipids and their comparative fingerprints in seaweeds, demonstrating the potential use of dietary seaweeds in biotechnological and industrial applications involving the development of functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo 0600809, Japan
| | - Chen Yifan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
| | - Yui Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma, Nishi-4-3-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 0070894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-3693
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Unraveling the Lipidome and Antioxidant Activity of Native Bifurcaria bifurcata and Invasive Sargassum muticum Seaweeds: A Lipid Perspective on How Systemic Intrusion May Present an Opportunity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070642. [PMID: 32708304 PMCID: PMC7420230 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweeds are known to present components with appealing bioactive properties eliciting great interest for industrial applications. However, their lipid content is generally disregarded beyond their fatty acid (FA) composition. This study thoroughly characterized the lipid profile of two brown seaweeds collected from Portuguese coast, the native Bifurcaria bifurcata and the invasive Sargassum muticum species, and bioprospecting for antioxidant activity. An integrated state-of-the-art approach including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC–ESI-MS/MS), allowed a comprehensive picture of FA and polar lipid content. Polar lipid profile of B. bifurcata and S. muticum included 143 and 217 lipid species respectively, distributed between glycolipids, phospholipids, and betaine lipids. Some of the lipid species found have been assigned biological activity and contain of n-3 and n-6 FA. Sargassum muticum presented the highest n-3 FA content. Low concentrations of extracts of both seaweeds displayed antioxidant activity, with S. muticum presenting more promising results. These findings contribute to the nutritional and industrial exploitation of both seaweeds, highlighting their relevance as viable sources of bioactive and added-value compounds. Sargassum muticum presented interesting lipid composition and bioactivity, which may represent an accessible opportunity for the exploitation of this invasive seaweed, especially taking advantage of Sargassum blooms.
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Marzec ME, Wojtysiak D, Połtowicz K, Nowak J. ToF-SIMS spectrometry to observe fatty acid profiles of breast tissues in broiler chicken subjected to varied vegetable oil diet. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4486. [PMID: 31813189 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to observe changes in fatty acid profiles by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) in breast muscle tissues of broilers. Four different groups were identified. The source of fat in group I was soy oil (rich in linoleic acid, ω-6), group II received linseed oil (ω-3), and the third group was fed a mixture of the two mentioned oils. Broilers in the control group were fed with beef tallow, used in mass commercial production. The results reveal that the use of vegetable oils in animal nutrition determines the lipid profile of fatty acids. ToF-SIMS measurements showed that the lipid profile of muscle fibers and intramuscular fat reflect the composition of fats used as feed additives. In both structures, the ratio of ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids, which is most favorable for human health, was found in the groups in which a mixture of vegetable oils and a supplement of linseed oil were used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Wojtysiak
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Połtowicz
- Department of Poultry Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowak
- Department of Poultry Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
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Naseri A, Holdt SL, Jacobsen C. Biochemical and Nutritional Composition of Industrial Red Seaweed Used in Carrageenan Production. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1664693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Naseri
- Research Group for Bioactives - Analysis and Applications, Division of Food Technology, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susan Løvstad Holdt
- Research Group for Bioactives - Analysis and Applications, Division of Food Technology, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- Research Group for Bioactives - Analysis and Applications, Division of Food Technology, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Goik U, Goik T, Załęska I. The Properties and Application of Argan Oil in Cosmetology. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Goik
- Faculty of Food TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow33‐332 KrakowPoland
| | - Tomasz Goik
- Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringKrakow University of Technology31‐155 KrakowPoland
| | - Izabela Załęska
- The Section of Professional CosmetologyThe Faculty of Motor RehabilitationUniversity of Physical Education in Krakow31‐571 KrakowPoland
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Cardoso C, Ripol A, Afonso C, Freire M, Varela J, Quental‐Ferreira H, Pousão‐Ferreira P, Bandarra N. Fatty acid profiles of the main lipid classes of green seaweeds from fish pond aquaculture. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:1186-1194. [PMID: 29188047 PMCID: PMC5694871 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of five species of green seaweeds (Chaetomorpha linum, Rhizoclonium riparium, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, and Ulva prolifera) grown in fish pond aquaculture systems was studied. In particular, the overall fatty acid (FA) profile and the FA profile of each main lipid class found in these seaweed species were thoroughly analyzed. It was found that every seaweed had a specific FA profile, whose specificities were rendered more obvious with the study of the FA profile per lipid class. However, between U. lactuca and U. intestinalis, there were only minor differences. Nonetheless, it was possible to identify significant differences between the palmitic acid content in the phospholipid (PL) and glycolipid (GL) classes of each seaweed. A clear distinction between the FA profiles of R. riparium and C. linum, which belong to the Cladophorales order, and those of Ulva genus, Ulvales order, was also determined. Moreover, there were also differences among lipid classes, yielding large contrasts between PLs + GLs and triacylglycerols (TAGs) as well as between monoacylglycerols (MAGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs). This study also found evidence supporting the location of particular FAs in specific TAG positions. FA profiles have the potential to be used as a chemotaxonomic tool in green seaweeds, providing a simple method to check authenticity of seaweed used as food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cardoso
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV)Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP)LisbonPortugal
- CIIMARInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Andrea Ripol
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV)Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP)LisbonPortugal
- Centre of Marine SciencesUniversity of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV)Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP)LisbonPortugal
- CIIMARInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Margarida Freire
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV)Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP)LisbonPortugal
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine SciencesUniversity of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Hugo Quental‐Ferreira
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV)Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP)LisbonPortugal
- Aquaculture Research StationOlhão (EPPO)Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP)OlhãoPortugal
| | - Pedro Pousão‐Ferreira
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV)Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP)LisbonPortugal
- Aquaculture Research StationOlhão (EPPO)Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP)OlhãoPortugal
| | - Narcisa Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV)Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP)LisbonPortugal
- CIIMARInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
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8
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Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves the Quality of Stallion Cryopreserved Semen. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Walczak J, Bocian S, Kowalkowski T, Trziszka T, Buszewski B. Determination of Omega Fatty Acid Profiles in Egg Yolk by HILIC-LC-MS and GC-MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Strychalski J, Gugołek A, Antoszkiewicz Z, Kowalska D, Konstantynowicz M. Biologically active compounds in selected tissues of white-fat and yellow-fat rabbits and their production performance parameters. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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de Cássia Rodrigues Batista C, de Oliveira MS, Araújo ME, Rodrigues AM, Botelho JRS, da Silva Souza Filho AP, Machado NT, Carvalho RN. Supercritical CO 2 extraction of açaí ( Euterpe oleracea ) berry oil: Global yield, fatty acids, allelopathic activities, and determination of phenolic and anthocyanins total compounds in the residual pulp. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Kendel M, Wielgosz-Collin G, Bertrand S, Roussakis C, Bourgougnon N, Bedoux G. Lipid Composition, Fatty Acids and Sterols in the Seaweeds Ulva armoricana, and Solieria chordalis from Brittany (France): An Analysis from Nutritional, Chemotaxonomic, and Antiproliferative Activity Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5606-28. [PMID: 26404323 PMCID: PMC4584343 DOI: 10.3390/md13095606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids from the proliferative macroalgae Ulva armoricana (Chlorophyta) and Solieria chordalis (Rhodophyta) from Brittany, France, were investigated. The total content of lipids was 2.6% and 3.0% dry weight for U. armoricana and S. chordalis, respectively. The main fractions of S. chordalis were neutral lipids (37%) and glycolipids (38%), whereas U. armoricana contained mostly neutral lipids (55%). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represented 29% and 15% of the total lipids in U. armoricana and S. chordalis, respectively. In both studied algae, the phospholipids were composed of PUFA for 18%. In addition, PUFA were shown to represent 9% and 4.5% of glycolipids in U. armoricana and S. chordalis, respectively. The essential PUFA were 16:4n-3, 18:4n-3, 18:2n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:6n-3 in U. armoricana, and 20:4n-6 and 20:5n-3 in S. chordalis. It is important to notice that six 2-hydroxy-, three 3-hydroxy-, and two monounsaturated hydroxy fatty acids were also identified and may provide a chemotaxonomic basis for algae. These seaweeds contained interesting compounds such as squalene, α-tocopherol, cholest-4-en-3-one and phytosterols. The antiproliferative effect was evaluated in vitro on human non-small-cell bronchopulmonary carcinoma line (NSCLC-N6) with an IC50 of 23 μg/mL for monogalactosyldiacylglycerols isolated from S. chordalis and 24 μg/mL for digalactosyldiacylglycerols from U. armoricana. These results confirm the potentialities of valorization of these two species in the fields of health, nutrition and chemotaxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melha Kendel
- University of South Brittany, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France; E-Mails: (M.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Gaëtane Wielgosz-Collin
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, LUNAM, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer-Molécules-Santé MMS, EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, 9 Rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; E-Mails: (G.W.-C.); (S.B.)
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, LUNAM, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer-Molécules-Santé MMS, EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, 9 Rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; E-Mails: (G.W.-C.); (S.B.)
| | - Christos Roussakis
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, IICIMED/ERATU-EA 1155 Cancer du Poumon et Cibles Moléculaires, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France; E-Mail:
| | - Nathalie Bourgougnon
- University of South Brittany, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France; E-Mails: (M.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Gilles Bedoux
- University of South Brittany, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France; E-Mails: (M.K.); (N.B.)
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Öğütcü M, Arifoğlu N, Yılmaz E. Storage stability of cod liver oil organogels formed with beeswax and carnauba wax. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Öğütcü
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Food Engineering; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Nazan Arifoğlu
- Department of Food Technology; Bayramiç Vocational College; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; 17700 Bayramiç Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Emin Yılmaz
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Food Engineering; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
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Omar KA, Liu R, Wang X. Effects of ultrasound‐assisted extraction on yield of flaxseed oil, β‐ and γ‐ tocopherols optimized by orthogonal array design. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khamis Ali Omar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySynergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionSchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsuChina
- Department of Food Safety, QualityZanzibar Food, Drugs BoardZanzibarTanzania
| | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySynergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionSchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsuChina
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySynergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionSchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsuChina
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15
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Ramakrishnan S, Ferrando M, Güell C. Food Grade Microcapsules Produced by Membrane Emulsification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): an ancient nutrient for the modern human brain. Nutrients 2011; 3:529-54. [PMID: 22254110 PMCID: PMC3257695 DOI: 10.3390/nu3050529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern humans have evolved with a staple source of preformed docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diet. An important turning point in human evolution was the discovery of high-quality, easily digested nutrients from coastal seafood and inland freshwater sources. Multi-generational exploitation of seafood by shore-based dwellers coincided with the rapid expansion of grey matter in the cerebral cortex, which characterizes the modern human brain. The DHA molecule has unique structural properties that appear to provide optimal conditions for a wide range of cell membrane functions. This has particular implications for grey matter, which is membrane-rich tissue. An important metabolic role for DHA has recently been identified as the precursor for resolvins and protectins. The rudimentary source of DHA is marine algae; therefore it is found concentrated in fish and marine oils. Unlike the photosynthetic cells in algae and higher plants, mammalian cells lack the specific enzymes required for the de novo synthesis of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the precursor for all omega-3 fatty acid syntheses. Endogenous synthesis of DHA from ALA in humans is much lower and more limited than previously assumed. The excessive consumption of omega-6 fatty acids in the modern Western diet further displaces DHA from membrane phospholipids. An emerging body of research is exploring a unique role for DHA in neurodevelopment and the prevention of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. DHA is increasingly being added back into the food supply as fish oil or algal oil supplementation.
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Sabeena Farvin K, Baron CP, Nielsen NS, Jacobsen C. Antioxidant activity of yoghurt peptides: Part 1-in vitro assays and evaluation in ω-3 enriched milk. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Dunne PG, Monahan FJ, O'Mara FP, Moloney AP. Colour of bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue: A review of contributory factors, associations with carcass and meat quality and its potential utility in authentication of dietary history. Meat Sci 2008; 81:28-45. [PMID: 22063959 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The colour of bovine subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue (carcass fat) depends on the age, gender and breed of cattle. Diet is the most important extrinsic factor but its influence depends on the duration of feeding. Cattle produced under extensive grass-based production systems generally have carcass fat which is more yellow than their intensively-reared, concentrate-fed counterparts and this is caused by carotenoids from green forage. Although yellow carcass fat is negatively regarded in many countries, evidence suggests it may be associated with a healthier fatty acid profile and antioxidant content in beef, synonymous with grass feeding. Nonetheless, management strategies to reduce fat colour of grass-fed cattle are sought after. Current research suggests that yellow colour of this tissue is reduced if pasture-fed cattle are converted to a grain-based diet, which results in accretion of adipose tissue and dilution of carotenoids. Colour changes may depend on the initial yellow colour, the carotene and utilisable energy in the finishing diet, the duration of finishing, the amount of fat accumulated during finishing and the rate of utilisation of carotene from body fat. Differences in nutritional strategies which cause differences in fatty acid composition may be reflected by differences in fat colour and carotenoid concentration. Fat colour and carotenoids are prominent among a panoply of measurements which can aid the authentication of the dietary history and thus to some extent, the origin of beef, although this potential utility is complicated by the simultaneous rather than discrete use of forages and concentrates in real production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Dunne
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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The Intake of n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Polish Diet in Relation to the Intake in Other Countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2478/v10020-007-0062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Babinská K, Béderová A. Changes in Nutrient Intake in the Adult Population of the Slovak Republic. J Food Compost Anal 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jfca.2002.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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