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Xu L, Bai X, Bhunia AK. Current State of Development of Biosensors and Their Application in Foodborne Pathogen Detection. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1213-1227. [PMID: 33710346 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Foodborne disease outbreaks continue to be a major public health and food safety concern. Testing products promptly can protect consumers from foodborne diseases by ensuring the safety of food before retail distribution. Fast, sensitive, and accurate detection tools are in great demand. Therefore, various approaches have been explored recently to find a more effective way to incorporate antibodies, oligonucleotides, phages, and mammalian cells as signal transducers and analyte recognition probes on biosensor platforms. The ultimate goal is to achieve high specificity and low detection limits (1 to 100 bacterial cells or piconanogram concentrations of toxins). Advancements in mammalian cell-based and bacteriophage-based sensors have produced sensors that detect low levels of pathogens and differentiate live from dead cells. Combinations of biotechnology platforms have increased the practical utility and application of biosensors for detection of foodborne pathogens. However, further rigorous testing of biosensors with complex food matrices is needed to ensure the utility of these sensors for point-of-care needs and outbreak investigations. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Xu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Campbell VR, Carson MS, Lao A, Maran K, Yang EJ, Kamei DT. Point-of-Need Diagnostics for Foodborne Pathogen Screening. SLAS Technol 2020; 26:55-79. [PMID: 33012245 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320962003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne illness is a major public health issue that results in millions of global infections annually. The burden of such illness sits mostly with developing countries, as access to advanced laboratory equipment and skilled lab technicians, as well as consistent power sources, is limited and expensive. Current gold standards in foodborne pathogen screening involve labor-intensive sample enrichment steps, pathogen isolation and purification, and costly readout machinery. Overall, time to detection can take multiple days, excluding the time it takes to ship samples to off-site laboratories. Efforts have been made to simplify the workflow of such tests by integrating multiple steps of foodborne pathogen screening procedures into a singular device, as well as implementing more point-of-need readout methods. In this review, we explore recent advancements in developing point-of-need devices for foodborne pathogen screening. We discuss the detection of surface markers, nucleic acids, and metabolic products using both paper-based and microfluidic devices, focusing primarily on developments that have been made between 2015 and mid-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica R Campbell
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariam S Carson
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Lao
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kajal Maran
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel T Kamei
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Muniandy S, Teh SJ, Thong KL, Thiha A, Dinshaw IJ, Lai CW, Ibrahim F, Leo BF. Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Bacterial Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:510-533. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1561243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Muniandy
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Swe Jyan Teh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aung Thiha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ignatius Julian Dinshaw
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Central Unit of Advanced Research Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hong HJ, Koom WS, Koh WG. Cell Microarray Technologies for High-Throughput Cell-Based Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1293. [PMID: 28587242 PMCID: PMC5492771 DOI: 10.3390/s17061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the recent demand for high-throughput cellular assays, a lot of efforts have been made on miniaturization of cell-based biosensors by preparing cell microarrays. Various microfabrication technologies have been used to generate cell microarrays, where cells of different phenotypes are immobilized either on a flat substrate (positional array) or on particles (solution or suspension array) to achieve multiplexed and high-throughput cell-based biosensing. After introducing the fabrication methods for preparation of the positional and suspension cell microarrays, this review discusses the applications of the cell microarray including toxicology, drug discovery and detection of toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Woong Sub Koom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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Liu F, Nordin AN, Li F, Voiculescu I. A lab-on-chip cell-based biosensor for label-free sensing of water toxicants. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1270-1280. [PMID: 24463940 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a lab-on-chip biosensor containing an enclosed fluidic cell culturing well seeded with live cells for rapid screening of toxicants in drinking water. The sensor is based on the innovative placement of the working electrode for the electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technique as the top electrode of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonator. Cell damage induced by toxic water will cause a decrease in impedance, as well as an increase in the resonant frequency. For water toxicity tests, the biosensor's unique capabilities of performing two complementary measurements simultaneously (impedance and mass-sensing) will increase the accuracy of detection while decreasing the false-positive rate. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were used as toxicity sensing cells. The effects of the toxicants, ammonia, nicotine and aldicarb, on cells were monitored with both the QCM and the ECIS technique. The lab-on-chip was demonstrated to be sensitive to low concentrations of toxicants. The responses of BAECs to toxic samples occurred during the initial 5 to 20 minutes depending on the type of chemical and concentrations. Testing the multiparameter biosensor with aldicarb also demonstrated the hypothesis that using two different sensors to monitor the same cell monolayer provides cross validation and increases the accuracy of detection. For low concentrations of aldicarb, the variations in impedance measurements are insignificant in comparison with the shifts of resonant frequency monitored using the QCM resonator. A highly linear correlation between signal shifts and chemical concentrations was demonstrated for each toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
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Banerjee P, Kintzios S, Prabhakarpandian B. Biotoxin detection using cell-based sensors. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:2366-83. [PMID: 24335754 PMCID: PMC3873691 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5122366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based biosensors (CBBs) utilize the principles of cell-based assays (CBAs) by employing living cells for detection of different analytes from environment, food, clinical, or other sources. For toxin detection, CBBs are emerging as unique alternatives to other analytical methods. The main advantage of using CBBs for probing biotoxins and toxic agents is that CBBs respond to the toxic exposures in the manner related to actual physiologic responses of the vulnerable subjects. The results obtained from CBBs are based on the toxin-cell interactions, and therefore, reveal functional information (such as mode of action, toxic potency, bioavailability, target tissue or organ, etc.) about the toxin. CBBs incorporate both prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (yeast, invertebrate and vertebrate) cells. To create CBB devices, living cells are directly integrated onto the biosensor platform. The sensors report the cellular responses upon exposures to toxins and the resulting cellular signals are transduced by secondary transducers generating optical or electrical signals outputs followed by appropriate read-outs. Examples of the layout and operation of cellular biosensors for detection of selected biotoxins are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Banerjee
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, 338 Robison Hall, 3825 Desoto Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Spyridon Kintzios
- School of Food Science, Biotechnology and Development, Faculty of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mail:
| | - Balabhaskar Prabhakarpandian
- Bioengineering Laboratory Core, Cellular and Biomolecular Engineering, CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; E-Mail:
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Liu F, Li F, Nordin AN, Voiculescu I. A novel cell-based hybrid acoustic wave biosensor with impedimetric sensing capabilities. SENSORS 2013; 13:3039-55. [PMID: 23459387 PMCID: PMC3658730 DOI: 10.3390/s130303039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel multiparametric biosensor system based on living cells will be presented. The biosensor system includes two biosensing techniques on a single device: resonant frequency measurements and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). The multiparametric sensor system is based on the innovative use of the upper electrode of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonator as working electrode for the ECIS technique. The QCM acoustic wave sensor consists of a thin AT-cut quartz substrate with two gold electrodes on opposite sides. For integration of the QCM with the ECIS technique a semicircular counter electrode was fabricated near the upper electrode on the same side of the quartz crystal. Bovine aortic endothelial live cells (BAECs) were successfully cultured on this hybrid biosensor. Finite element modeling of the bulk acoustic wave resonator using COMSOL simulations was performed. Simultaneous gravimetric and impedimetric measurements performed over a period of time on the same cell culture were conducted to validate the device's sensitivity. The time necessary for the BAEC cells to attach and form a compact monolayer on the biosensor was 35~45 minutes for 1.5 × 10(4) cells/cm2 BAECs; 60 minutes for 2.0 × 10(4) cells/cm2 BAECs; 70 minutes for 3.0 × 10(4) cells/cm2 BAECs; and 100 minutes for 5.0 × 104 cells/cm2 BAECs. It was demonstrated that this time is the same for both gravimetric and impedimetric measurements. This hybrid biosensor will be employed in the future for water toxicity detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Fang Li
- Mechanical Engineering Department, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Anis Nurashikin Nordin
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Ioana Voiculescu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-212-650-5210; Fax: +1-212-650-8013
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Narsaiah K, Jha SN, Bhardwaj R, Sharma R, Kumar R. Optical biosensors for food quality and safety assurance-a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012; 49:383-406. [PMID: 23904648 PMCID: PMC3550887 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Food quality and safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation and storage of food in ways that prevent food borne illness. Food serves as a growth medium for microorganisms that can be pathogenic or cause food spoilage. Therefore, it is imperative to have stringent laws and standards for the preparation, packaging and transportation of food. The conventional methods for detection of food contamination based on culturing, colony counting, chromatography and immunoassay are tedious and time consuming while biosensors have overcome some of these disadvantages. There is growing interest in biosensors due to high specificity, convenience and quick response. Optical biosensors show greater potential for the detection of pathogens, pesticide and drug residues, hygiene monitoring, heavy metals and other toxic substances in the food to check whether it is safe for consumption or not. This review focuses on optical biosensors, the recent developments in the associated instrumentation with emphasis on fiber optic and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensors for detecting a range of analytes in food samples, the major advantages and challenges associated with optical biosensors. It also briefly covers the different methods employed for the immobilization of bio-molecules used in developing biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Narsaiah
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Shyam Narayan Jha
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Rishi Bhardwaj
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India
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Nam SH, Lee HJ, Son KJ, Koh WG. Non-positional cell microarray prepared by shape-coded polymeric microboards: A new microarray format for multiplex and high throughput cell-based assays. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2011; 5:32001-3200110. [PMID: 22662027 PMCID: PMC3364815 DOI: 10.1063/1.3608130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A non-positional (or suspension) cell microarray was developed using shape-coded SU-8 photoresist microboards for potential application in multiplex and high-throughput cell-based assays. A conventional photolithography process on glass slides produced various shapes of SU-8 micropatterns that had a lateral dimension of 200 μm and a thickness of 40 μm. The resultant micropatterns were detached from the slides by sonication and named "microboards" due to the fact that had a much larger lateral dimension than thickness. The surfaces of the SU-8 microboards were modified with collagen to promote cell adhesion, and it was confirmed that collagen-coated SU-8 microboards supported cell adhesion and proliferation. Seeding of cells into poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) hydrogel-coated well plates containing collagen-modified microboards resulted in selective cell adhesion onto the microboards due to the non-adhesiveness of PEG hydrogel toward cells, thereby creating non-positional arrays of microboards carrying cells. Finally, two different cell types (fibroblasts and HeLa cells) were separately cultured on different shapes of microboards and subsequently mixed together to create a non-positional cell microarray consisting of multiple cell types where each cell could be easily identified by the shape of the microboard to which they had adhered. Because numerous unique shapes of microboards can be fabricated using this method by simply changing the photomask designs, high throughput and multiplex cell-based assays would be easily achieved with this system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Sinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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Ohk SH, Koo OK, Sen T, Yamamoto CM, Bhunia AK. Antibody-aptamer functionalized fibre-optic biosensor for specific detection of Listeria monocytogenes from food. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 109:808-17. [PMID: 20337767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop antibody-aptamer functionalized fibre-optic biosensor for specific detection of Listeria monocytogenes from food products. METHODS AND RESULTS Aptamer, a single-stranded oligonucleotide ligand that displays affinity for the target molecule, was used in the assay to provide sensor specificity. Aptamer-A8, specific for internalin A, an invasive protein of L. monocytogenes, was used in the fibre-optic sensor together with antibody in a sandwich format for detection of L. monocytogenes from food. Biotinylated polyclonal anti-Listeria antibody, P66, was immobilized on streptavidin-coated optical waveguide surface for capturing bacteria, and Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated A8 was used as a reporter. The biosensor was able to selectively detect pathogenic Listeria in pure culture and in mixture with other bacteria at a concentration of approx. 10(3) CFU ml(-1). This sensor also successfully detected L. monocytogenes cells from artificially contaminated (initial inoculation of 10(2) CFU 25 g(-1) ) ready-to-eat meat products such as sliced beef, chicken and turkey after 18 h of enrichment. CONCLUSION Based on the data presented in this study, the antibody-aptamer functionalized fibre-optic biosensor could be used as a detection tool for sensitive and specific detection of L. monocytogenes from foods. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study demonstrates feasibility and novel application of aptamer on fibre-optic biosensor platform for the sensitive detection of L. monocytogenes from food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ohk
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2009, USA
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Response to Questions Posed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service Regarding Determination of the Most Appropriate Technologies for the Food Safety and Inspection Service To Adopt in Performing Routine and Baseline Microbiological Analyses†,‡. J Food Prot 2010; 73:1160-200. [DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.6.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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An overview of foodborne pathogen detection: In the perspective of biosensors. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:232-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 805] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Banerjee P, Franz B, Bhunia AK. Mammalian cell-based sensor system. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 117:21-55. [PMID: 20091291 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Use of living cells or cellular components in biosensors is receiving increased attention and opens a whole new area of functional diagnostics. The term "mammalian cell-based biosensor" is designated to biosensors utilizing mammalian cells as the biorecognition element. Cell-based assays, such as high-throughput screening (HTS) or cytotoxicity testing, have already emerged as dependable and promising approaches to measure the functionality or toxicity of a compound (in case of HTS); or to probe the presence of pathogenic or toxigenic entities in clinical, environmental, or food samples. External stimuli or changes in cellular microenvironment sometimes perturb the "normal" physiological activities of mammalian cells, thus allowing CBBs to screen, monitor, and measure the analyte-induced changes. The advantage of CBBs is that they can report the presence or absence of active components, such as live pathogens or active toxins. In some cases, mammalian cells or plasma membranes are used as electrical capacitors and cell-cell and cell-substrate contact is measured via conductivity or electrical impedance. In addition, cytopathogenicity or cytotoxicity induced by pathogens or toxins resulting in apoptosis or necrosis could be measured via optical devices using fluorescence or luminescence. This chapter focuses mainly on the type and applications of different mammalian cell-based sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Banerjee
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology & Immunochemistry, Department of Food & Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, 35762, USA
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Banerjee P, Bhunia AK. Mammalian cell-based biosensors for pathogens and toxins. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:179-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhao Y, Ye M, Chao Q, Jia N, Ge Y, Shen H. Simultaneous detection of multifood-borne pathogenic bacteria based on functionalized quantum dots coupled with immunomagnetic separation in food samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:517-524. [PMID: 19154162 DOI: 10.1021/jf802817y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a method that simultaneously detects three food-borne pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli O157:H7, via an approach that combines magnetic microparticles for the enrichment and antibody-conjugated semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescence markers. Using the water-in-oil reverse microemulsions method, the gamma-Fe(2)O(3) magnetic nanoparticles were coated with silica to empower the particles with high dispersibility and broad compatibility to biomacromolecules. The magnetic beads were then modified with amino silane, which could immobilize antibodies by glutaraldehyde treatment. The immunized magnetic beads and pathogenic bacteria formed "bead-cell" complexes in the enrichment procedure. QDs with different emission wavelengths (620, 560, and 520 nm) were immobilized with anti-S. typhimurium antibody, anti-S. flexneri antibody, and anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibody, respectively. Fluorescence microscope images and the fluorescence intensity of QDs labeled "sandwich" complexes (conjungated with antibodies against S. typhimurium, S. flexneri, and E. coli O157:H7, respectively) demonstrated that antibody-conjugated QDs could attach to the surface of bacterial cells selectively and specifically. In our method, we could detect food-borne pathogen bacteria in a food matrix at 10(-3) cfu/mL. We determined that a high concentration of proteins in food matrix would decrease the sensitivity of this method. This method, of which the detection procedures are completed within 2 h, can be applied to the rapid and cost-effective monitoring of bacterial contamination in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Life and Environment Science College, Shanghai Normal University, People's Republic of China
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Ahmad A, Moore EJ. Comparison of Cell-Based Biosensors with Traditional Analytical Techniques for Cytotoxicity Monitoring and Screening of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802564852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Biosensors and bio-based methods for the separation and detection of foodborne pathogens. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2008; 54:1-44. [PMID: 18291303 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(07)00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The safety of our food supply is always a major concern to consumers, food producers, and regulatory agencies. A safer food supply improves consumer confidence and brings economic stability. The safety of foods from farm-to-fork through the supply chain continuum must be established to protect consumers from debilitating, sometimes fatal episodes of pathogen outbreaks. The implementation of preventive strategies like hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) assures safety but its full utility will not be realized unless supportive tools are fully developed. Rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection methods are such essential tools that, when integrated with HACCP, will improve safety of products. Traditional microbiological methods are powerful, error-proof, and dependable but these lengthy, cumbersome methods are often ineffective because they are not compatible with the speed at which the products are manufactured and the short shelf life of products. Automation in detection methods is highly desirable, but is not achievable with traditional methods. Therefore, biosensor-based tools offer the most promising solutions and address some of the modern-day needs for fast and sensitive detection of pathogens in real time or near real time. The application of several biosensor tools belonging to the categories of optical, electrochemical, and mass-based tools for detection of foodborne pathogens is reviewed in this chapter. Ironically, geometric growth in biosensor technology is fueled by the imminent threat of bioterrorism through food, water, and air and by the funding through various governmental agencies.
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