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Xia T, Xu L, Guo P, Shi W, Cheng Y, Liu A. Synergism of amlodipine and telmisartan or candesartan on blood pressure reduction by using SynergyFinder 3.0 and probability sum test in vivo. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01064. [PMID: 36810974 PMCID: PMC9944853 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the synergism of two couples of antihypertensive drugs (amlodipine + telmisartan and amlodipine + candesartan) on blood pressure reduction in vivo by both SynergyFinder 3.0 and probability sum test. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with intragastric administration of amlodipine (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg), telmisartan (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg), candesartan (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg), nine combinations for amlodipine and telmisartan, and nine combinations for amlodipine and candesartan. The control rats were treated by 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Blood pressure was recorded continuously up to 6 h after administration. Both SynergyFinder 3.0 and the probability sum test were used to evaluate the synergistic action. The synergisms calculated by SynergyFinder 3.0 are consistent with the probability sum test both in two different combinations. There is an obviously synergistic interaction between amlodipine and telmisartan or candesartan. The combinations of amlodipine and telmisartan (2 + 4 and 1 + 4 mg/kg) and amlodipine and candesartan (0.5 + 4 and 2 + 1 mg/kg) might exert an optimum synergism against hypertension. Compared with the probability sum test, SynergyFinder 3.0 is more stable and reliable to analyze the synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of PharmacyYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lu‐Lu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of PharmacyYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Peng‐Yue Guo
- Department of Clinical PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wan‐Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of PharmacyYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yan‐Qiong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of PharmacyYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ai‐Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of PharmacyYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Cheng F, Kovács IA, Barabási AL. Network-based prediction of drug combinations. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1197. [PMID: 30867426 PMCID: PMC6416394 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug combinations, offering increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity, play an important role in treating multiple complex diseases. Yet, our ability to identify and validate effective combinations is limited by a combinatorial explosion, driven by both the large number of drug pairs as well as dosage combinations. Here we propose a network-based methodology to identify clinically efficacious drug combinations for specific diseases. By quantifying the network-based relationship between drug targets and disease proteins in the human protein-protein interactome, we show the existence of six distinct classes of drug-drug-disease combinations. Relying on approved drug combinations for hypertension and cancer, we find that only one of the six classes correlates with therapeutic effects: if the targets of the drugs both hit disease module, but target separate neighborhoods. This finding allows us to identify and validate antihypertensive combinations, offering a generic, powerful network methodology to identify efficacious combination therapies in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiong Cheng
- Center for Complex Networks Research and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - István A Kovács
- Center for Complex Networks Research and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Center for Complex Networks Research and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Center for Network Science, Central European University, Budapest, 1051, Hungary.
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Sakaida H, Nagao K, Higa K, Shirouchi B, Inoue N, Hidaka F, Kai T, Yanagita T. Effect ofVaccinium ashei readeLeaves on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activityin Vitroand on Systolic Blood Pressure of Spontaneously Hypertensive Ratsin Vivo. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:2335-7. [PMID: 17827680 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hypotensive effects of Vaccinium ashei reade (blueberry) leaves were studied in vitro and in vivo. Blueberry leaf showed a strong inhibitory effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in vitro. Additionally, feeding of blueberry leaf suppressed the development of essential hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivo. These results promise the use of blueberry leaf as a source of dietary hypotensive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakaida
- Research Institute, Unkai Shuzo Co., Ltd, 1800-5 Oaza Minamimata, Miyazaki 880-1303, Japan
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Höcht C. Blood Pressure Variability: Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5402/2013/398485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure variability (BPV) is considered nowadays a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Early findings in sinoaortic denervated rats have clearly shown that enhanced fluctuation of blood pressure induced left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular stiffness, and renal lesion. A large number of clinical trials confirm that short-term and long-term blood pressure variability independently contributes to target organ damage, cardiovascular events, and mortality not only in hypertensive patients but also in subjects with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, amelioration of BPV has been suggested as an additional target of the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Preliminary evidence obtained from meta-analysis and controlled clinical trials has shown that antihypertensive classes differ in their ability to control excessive BP fluctuations with an impact in the prevention of cardiovascular events. Calcium channel blockers seem to be more effective than other blood pressure lowering drugs for the reduction of short-term and long-term BPV. In order to increase actual knowledge regarding the prognostic value and therapeutic significance of BPV in cardiovascular disease, there is a need for additional clinical studies specifically designed for the study of the relevance of short-term and long-term BPV control by antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Höcht
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shang D, Wang X, Zhao X, Huang F, Tian G, Lu W, Zhou T. Simultaneous determination of nitrendipine and hydrochlorothiazide in spontaneously hypertensive rat plasma using HPLC with on-line solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3459-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Xu J, Lü XW, Huang Y, Zhu PL, Li J. Synergism of simvastatin with losartan prevents angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.04.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Increasing evidence suggests that cardiomyocyte apoptosis has an important role in the transition from compensatory cardiac remodelling to heart failure. The synergistic effect of statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) and angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor antagonists reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events. However, the anti-apoptotic potential of the synergism between losartan and simvastatin in heart failure remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that Ang II-induced apoptosis is prevented by losartan and simvastatin in neonatal cardiomyocytes.
Methods
The in-vitro cardiomyocyte apoptosis model was established by co-culturing neonate rat cardiomyocytes with Ang II. Cell viability was analysed by the MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 expressions were measured by flow cytometry detection.
Key findings
Incubation with 10−7 m Ang II for 48 h increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and decreased cell viability. Losartan (10−5 m) and simvastatin (10−5 m), either alone or in combination, significantly decreased Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased cell viability. The q values calculated by the probability sum test were 1.31 for cardiomyocyte apoptosis and 1.21 for cell viability. Ang II induced a significant increase in Bax protein expression, whereas Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased. Losartan alone or in combination with simvastatin blocked the increased Bax expression and increased Bcl-2 expression. However, simvastatin had no such effect.
Conclusions
Our data provide the first evidence that synergism of simvastatin with losartan prevents angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. Synergism between simvastatin and losartan may provide a new therapeutic approach to the prevention of cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiong-wen Lü
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng-li Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Li L, Zhao L, Yi-Ming W, Yu YS, Xia CY, Duan JL, Su DF. Sirt1 hyperexpression in SHR heart related to left ventricular hypertrophy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:56-62. [PMID: 19142216 DOI: 10.1139/y08-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sirt1 is a human homologue of the silent information regulator factor 2 (Sir2) and has an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase activity. This protein is reported to have a pathogenetic role in muscle differentiation, diabetic nephropathy, and heart failure. In this study, we investigated the expression of sirt1 in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) to obtain insight into the function of sirt1 in hypertensive cardiovascular hypertrophy. The gene and protein expression of sirt1 was increased in the heart in SHR compared with normotensive WKY rats. Sirt1 mRNA was not different in the aorta between SHR and WKY rats. Sirt1 mRNA expression in heart and aorta was not related to hemodynamic parameters in SHR. Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy was significantly and positively related to the expression of heart tissue sirt1 mRNA in SHR. Aortic hypertrophy, however, was not related to sirt1 mRNA in the aorta. The increased sirt1 protein expression was accompanied by severe cardiac hypertrophy in older SHR. These results suggest that the increase of sirt1 gene and protein expression in the heart was associated with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo He Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Fosinopril prevents the pulmonary arterial remodeling in sinoaortic-denervated rats by regulating phosphodiesterase. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 51:24-31. [PMID: 18209565 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318159e097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of fosinopril on sinoaortic denervation (SAD)-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and on phosphodiesterases (PDE) 1 in rats. METHODS SAD was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 10 weeks. The experiment included sham-operated (Sham), SAD, and fosinopril-treated SAD groups. Fosinopril (15 mg/kg/d) was given in rat chow. After 16 weeks of treatment, the pulmonary arteries were taken for investigations, including pharmacological study, measurement of cGMP, light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with Sham rats, blood pressure variability (BPV) was significantly increased in the SAD group. However, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was not significant change among 3 groups. After SAD, maximal contraction of pulmonary artery rings to phenylephrine was markedly decreased; the most prominent morphological change in the lung included thickening vascular walls, increasing number of smooth muscle cells, and greater wall-to-lumen ratio; the tissue concentrations of cGMP was reduced significantly; PDE1A or PDE1C expression was upregulated significantly, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was downregulated significantly. Fosinopril treatment prevented these changes induced by SAD. CONCLUSION Pulmonary artery remodeling (structural and functional abnormalities) was induced by SAD. Fosinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, mainly via potentiating eNOS pathway and inhibiting AngII formation, effectively prevented increased blood pressure variability and vascular remodeling of the pulmonary artery after SAD by regulating the activity levels or expression of eNOS, cGMP, and PDE1s.
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Li H, Sun NL, Wang J, Liu AJ, Su DF. Circadian expression of clock genes and angiotensin II type 1 receptors in suprachiasmatic nuclei of sinoaortic-denervated rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:484-92. [PMID: 17376287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether the circadian expression of central clock genes and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors was altered in sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sinoaortic denervation or a sham operation at the age of 12 weeks. Four weeks after the operation, blood pressure and heart period were measured in the conscious state in a group of sham-operated (n=10) and SAD rats (n=9). Rest SAD and sham-operated rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6 in each group). The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) tissues were taken every 4 h throughout the day from each group for the determination of the mRNA expression of clock genes (Per2 and Bmal1) and the AT1 receptor by RT-PCR; the protein expression of Per2 and Bmal1 was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Blood pressure levels in the SAD rats were similar to those of the sham-operated rats. However, blood pressure variabilities significantly increased in the SAD rats compared with the sham-operated rats. The circadian variation of clock genes in the SCN of the sham-operated rats was characterized by a marked increase in the mRNA and protein expression during dark periods. Per2 and Bmal1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in the SAD rats, especially during dark periods. Western blot analysis confirmed an attenuation of the circadian rhythm of the 2 clock proteins in the SCN of the SAD rats. AT1 receptor mRNA expressions in the SCN were abnormally upregulated in the light phase, changed to a 12-h cycle in the SAD rats. CONCLUSION The circadian variation of the 2 central clock genes was attenuated in the SAD rats. Arterial baroreflex dysfunction also induced a disturbance in the expression of AT1 receptors in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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