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Li T, Wu J, Zhu S, Zang G, Li S, Lv X, Yue W, Qiao Y, Cui J, Shao Y, Zhang J, Liu YJ, Chen J. A Novel C Type CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Exhibits Immunostimulatory Activity In Vitro and Enhances Antitumor Effect In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:8. [PMID: 32116691 PMCID: PMC7015978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C type CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-C ODNs), possessing the features of both A type and B type CpG ODNs, exert a variety of immunostimulatory activities and have been demonstrated as an effective antitumor immunotherapy. Based on the structural characteristics, we designed 20 potential ODNs with the aim of synthesizing an optimal, novel CpG-C ODN specific to human and murine Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). We also sought to investigate the in vitro immunostimulatory and in vivo antitumor effects of the novel CpG-C ODN. Methods Twenty potential CpG-C ODNs were screened for their ability to secrete interferon (IFN)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production for the three most promising sequences were assayed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or cytometric bead array assay. The functions of human and mouse B cells, and cytokine production in mice induced by the most promising sequence, HP06T07, were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA. Growth and morphology of tumor tissues in in vivo murine models inoculated with CT26 cells were analyzed by a growth inhibition assay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Among the 20 designed ODNs, HP06T07 significantly induced IFN-α, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion, and promoted B-cell activation and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in human PBMCs and mouse splenocytes in vitro. Intratumoral injection of HP06T07 notably suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in the CT26 subcutaneous mouse model in a dose-dependent manner. HP06T07 administered nine times at 2-day intervals (I2) eradicated tumor growth at both primary and distant sites of CT26 tumors. HP06T07 restrained tumor growth by increasing the infiltration of T cells, NK cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Conclusions HP06T07, a novel CpG-C ODN, shows potent immunostimulatory activity in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in the CT26 subcutaneous mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tete Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoxia Zang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinping Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjun Yue
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Changchun Huapu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Changchun Huapu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liu YJ, Dou XQ, Wang F, Zhang J, Wang XL, Xu GL, Xiang SS, Gao X, Fu J, Song HF. IL-4Rα aptamer-liposome-CpG oligodeoxynucleotides suppress tumour growth by targeting the tumour microenvironment. J Drug Target 2016; 25:275-283. [PMID: 27819142 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1258569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumour immunosuppressive microenvironments inhibit antigen-specific cellular responses and interfere with CpG-mediated immunotherapy. Overcoming tumour microenvironment (TME) immunosuppression is an important strategy for effective therapy. This study investigated the ability of a tumour-targeting IL-4Rα aptamer-liposome-CpG ODN delivery system to introduce CpG into tumours and overcome the immunosuppressive TME. The IL-4Rα-liposome-CpG delivery system was prepared. FAM-CpG visualisation was used to demonstrate tumour targeting in vitro and in vivo. Anti-tumour effects of this delivery system were evaluated in CT26 tumour-bearing mice. Mechanisms for conquering the TME were investigated. FAM-CpG was better distributed into the tumours upon treatment with IL-4Rα-liposome-FAM-CpG compared to distribution in the control group in vitro and in vivo. IL-4Rα-aptamer-liposome-CpG treatment inhibited distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations in tumours and bone marrow. Similar profiles were observed for regulatory T cells in tumours. In CT26 tumour-bearing mice, IL-4Rα-liposome-CpG treatment exhibited enhanced anti-tumour activity. Increased mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-12, and decreased mRNA levels of VEGF, IL-6, IL-10, MMP9, arginase-1, inducible NOS, CXCL9, p-Stat3, and NF-κB were observed in tumours upon IL-4R-liposome-CpG-treatment. The results suggested that pharmacologic targeting by the IL-4R aptamer-liposome-CpG system improves TME therapeutic benefit and provides a rationale for cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qian Dou
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wang
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Li Xu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Si Xiang
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gao
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Fu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Song
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Karlsen K, Korsholm KS, Mortensen R, Ghiasi SM, Andersen P, Foged C, Christensen D. A stable nanoparticulate DDA/MMG formulation acts synergistically with CpG ODN 1826 to enhance the CD4⁺ T-cell response. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:2625-38. [PMID: 25529567 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To combine the dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium/monomycoloyl glycerol (DDA/MMG) liposomal vaccine adjuvant with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands poly(I:C) (TLR3), flagellin (TLR5) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 (TLR9) and investigate their physicochemical properties as well as their CD4(+) T-cell-inducing capacity. MATERIALS & METHODS Formulations were investigated by dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. Their CD4(+) T-cell induction with a tuberculosis antigen was analyzed by multiplex cytokine analysis, ELISA and intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS DDA/MMG/CpG was the best combination for obtaining increased CD4(+) T-cell responses. However, coformulating CpG and DDA/MMG liposomes led to instability and the formulation was therefore optimized systematically using a design of experiment. CONCLUSION The nanoparticulate DDA/MMG/CpG adjuvant can be stabilized and synergistically enhances CD4(+) T-cell responses compared with DDA/MMG liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Karlsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen S, Denmark
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Fu J, Liang J, Kang H, Lin J, Yu Q, Yang Q. The stimulatory effect of different CpG oligonucleotides on the maturation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Poult Sci 2014; 93:63-9. [PMID: 24570424 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG oligonucleotide (CpG-ODN) can exert an immunostimulatory effect on different types of immune cells such as dendritic cells (DC). The immunostimulatory activity of CpG-ODN is closely related to its nucleotide sequence and structural characteristics. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the stimulatory effects of different CpG-ODN on the maturation of chicken bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC) in vitro. First, 4 CpG-ODN were designed. Then chicken bone marrow cells were extracted from tibia and femur and cultured in the RPMI 1640 medium with recombinant chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4. After culture for 6 d, the cells were stimulated by different CpG-ODN or lipopolysaccharide for 24 h. Finally, the effects of different CpG-ODN on the maturation of chicken BM-DC were investigated by morphologic, phenotypic, and functional assays. The results showed that the cultured cells could display the typical DC morphology, and the CpG-ODN could efficiently stimulate the BM-DC to show the mature morphologic characteristics and upregulate the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 40 and CD86 molecules. In addition, after stimulation by CpG-ODN, the BM-DC could significantly induce T-cell proliferative response (P < 0.01). Among all the sequences, the stimulatory effect of CpG-ODN F3 with an addition of poly-guanosine strings at the 3' end was the best on the chicken BM-DC. In conclusion, this is the first report to demonstrate that different CpG-ODN have distinct stimulatory effects on the maturation of chicken BM-DC and CpG-ODN F3 with the best stimulatory effect can be a potent stimulant for the maturation of chicken BM-DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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Fu J, Liang J, Kang H, Lin J, Yu Q, Yang Q. Effects of different CpG oligodeoxynucleotides with inactivated avian H5N1 influenza virus on mucosal immunity of chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2866-75. [PMID: 24135589 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) has been proved to be a potent and safe vaccine adjuvant. However, the application of CpG-ODN in poultry vaccines was limited because of its high cost to benefit ratio. The objective of this study was to identify the CpG-ODN with efficient adjuvant activity and low cost in chickens. Four sequences of CpG-ODN were designed based on CpG-ODN 2006, which was used as a template and positive sequence in our study. In the current study, in vitro observations revealed that the designed CpG-ODN had efficient immunostimulatory effects on chicken splenic lymphocytes. The in vivo results showed that the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-12, interferon-γ, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 21 in upper respiratory tract tissues increased significantly in the early period after intranasal immunization with inactivated avian H5N1 influenza virus (IAIV) and CpG-ODN (P < 0.01). In addition, the avian influenza virus (AIV)-specific secretory IgA antibody level in the lavage fluid of upper respiratory tract increased significantly after intranasal immunization with IAIV and CpG-ODN, so did AIV-specific IgG in serum (P < 0.01). Among all the designed CpG-ODN, CpG-ODN F3 with an addition of poly-guanosine strings at the 3'-end not only had the best enhancement on local mucosal immune response but also showed an effective induction of systemic immune response. Most importantly, the virus challenge study showed that prior administration of IAIV with CpG-ODN F3 could protect chickens effectively against live AIV H5N1 challenge. Additionally, among all the CpG-ODN in our study, the cost of the designed CpG-ODN F3 was the lowest because of the partially phosphorothioate backbone. Therefore, we speculated that CpG-ODN F3 with efficient adjuvant activity and a big cost advantage over CpG-ODN F1 (CpG-ODN 2006) might serve as an efficient and affordable nasal adjuvant for inactivated AIV vaccine in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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Liu X, Hu J, Cao W, Qu H, Wang Y, Ma Z, Li F. Effects of two different immunotherapies on triple negative breast cancer in animal model. Cell Immunol 2013; 284:111-8. [PMID: 23973874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability of immune system to react specifically against tumors inspirited the study of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapies. Sixty spontaneous breast cancer TA2 mice were randomly divided into three groups: GM-CSF group, with therapy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) combined with breast cancer stem cells associated antigens and cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs); DC-CIK group, with infusions of dendritic cells/cytokine-induced killer (DC/CIK) cells; and PBS group as controls. After therapy, the cellular immunity of mice in GM-CSF group and DC-CIK group was obviously increased, especially for GM-CSF group (P<0.05), tumor regression was obviously observed in GM-CSF group. The survival rate of mice in GM-CSF group was significantly higher compared to DC-CIK group and PBS group. These results indicated that tumor immunotherapy manifested strong killing activity against TNBC. The therapeutic effect of GM-CSF combined with antigens and CpG was better than DC-CIK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, China
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Immunostimulatory and anti-neoplasm effects of a novel palindrome CpG oligodeoxynucleotide in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:1047-54. [PMID: 22728711 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM DNAs containing unmethylated CpG motifs can stimulate innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunostimulatory and anti-neoplasm effects of a novel CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, ODN10, in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS B16 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice were administered ip or sc with ODN10 or conventional CpG ODN1826 on the indicated days post inoculation. The animal survival rate and the inhibitory effect on tumor growth were observed in vivo. B and T lymphocyte proliferation, natural killing cell cytotoxicity and the phagocytic ability of peritoneal macrophages from the animals were determined using [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay, 4-h (51)Cr release assay and neutral red chromometry method, respectively. The serum levels of IL-12, IL-4 and IgE were quantified using ELISA assays. Histological examination of tumor tissues was performed after HE staining, and the expression of PCNA, CD63, and CD80 in tumor tissues was analyzed with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ODN10 (1, 5 and 25 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the growth and metastasis of the tumor, and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice, as compared with ODN1826. The immune status was suppressed in tumor-bearing mice. Both ODN10 and ODN1826 significantly reversed the suppressed immunoactivities in tumor-bearing mice, which included promoting B and T lymphocyte proliferation, enhancing NK cell and peritoneal macrophage activities, inducing IL-12 secretion and inhibiting IL-4 and IgE secretion. Further, CpG ODNs decreased PCNA and CD63 expression while induced expression of CD80. ODN10 presented more potent activity, and displayed the most prominent immunostimulatory potential. CONCLUSION ODN10 produces prominent immunomodulatory effects on cellular immunity in tumor-bearing mice, which might help reverse the established Th2-type responses to the Th1-type responses, thus may be used as a potent anti-tumor immunotherapy agent or adjuvant.
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