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Levano G, Quispe J, Vargas D, García M, López A, Aguila L, Valdivia M. Effect of Atomized Black Maca ( Lepidium meyenii) Supplementation in the Cryopreservation of Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos) Epididymal Spermatozoa. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2054. [PMID: 37443852 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination is an important assisted reproductive technology that has been applied in several mammalian species. However, successful cryopreservation of semen of South American camelids has been limited, hindering the commercial application of artificial insemination in alpaca species. In this scenario, the addition of antioxidants to semen extenders provides a strategy to improve the freezability of mammalian sperm. Bioactive metabolites from natural extracts of black maca have shown valuable antioxidant properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of atomized black maca in the freezing medium of epididymal spermatozoa of alpacas. Fifteen pairs of epididymis were collected from a local slaughterhouse. Each sample was divided into six groups: (1) fresh, (2) yolk medium (YM), (3) 10 mg/mL maca, (4) 20 mg/mL maca, (5) 30 mg/mL maca, and (6) resveratrol (as an antioxidant control). Sperm cryopreservation was performed through the slow freezing method. Markers associated with functionality, such as motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity, as well as markers associated with oxidative damage, such as DNA integrity, total ROS production, and mitochondrial function, were analyzed. The results show that the supplementation with black maca (20 mg/mL) improved the sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial function evaluated according to an index of formazan deposits. Similarly, the ROS production decreased with maca at 20 mg/mL, although the DNA integrity did not show any differences among the groups. These results suggest that maca at 20 mg/mL has cytoprotective effects during freezing/thawing of epididymal sperm of alpaca species. Further research will be focused on assessing the effects of maca supplementation on semen extenders by using biomolecular markers (proAKAP4) associated with fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Levano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Juana Quispe
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Diego Vargas
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Marlon García
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Alberto López
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Luis Aguila
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
| | - Martha Valdivia
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
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Ccalta Hancco R, Ordoñez-Rodríguez CD, Ccalta Hancco AL, Cucho Dolmos HC. Ciclodextrina cargada con colesterol en la criopreservación de semen de alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Una alternativa metodológica. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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3
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Ccalta Hancco R, Ordoñez-Rodríguez CD, Ccalta Hancco AL, Cucho Dolmos HC. Cholesterol-loaded metil-β- cyclodextrin in alpaca semen cryopreservation (Vicugna pacos) The methodological alternative. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090200039x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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4
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Morrell JM, Karlsson Warring S, Norrestam E, Malo C, Huanca W. Non-enzymatic extraction of spermatozoa from alpaca ejaculates by pipetting followed by colloid centrifugation. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Flores Huarco NH, Giuliano SM, Fumuso FG, Miragaya MH, Cucho Dolmos HC, Carretero MI. Use of dimethylformamide to cryopreserve alpaca semen previously incubated with collagenase. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1387-1397. [PMID: 34379864 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenase and two final dimethylformamide (DMF) concentrations (4% and 7%) on alpaca frozen-thawed sperm quality. A total of 25 ejaculates from 5 alpaca were obtained using electroejaculation. Each individual ejaculate was evaluated and then diluted 4:1 in a solution of 1 mg/ml collagenase in HEPES-TALP medium and incubated for 4 min at 37°C. Subsequently, samples were diluted in TRIS-fructose-citric acid-egg yolk and cooled to 5°C. Then, each sample was divided in two aliquots and DMF at final concentration of 4% or 7% was added, equilibrated for 1 hr at 5°C and frozen over liquid nitrogen vapours. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the sperm morphometry, and Completely Random Block designs were used to analyse sperm motility, viability, membrane function and acrosome status. After collagenase incubation, none of the samples showed thread formation, and sperm parameters were preserved. Non-progressive motile sperm were higher (p < .05) in equilibrated samples (4% DMF: 31.8 ± 8.3% and 7% DMF: 36.3 ± 11.8%) compared to raw (10.1 ± 4.3%) and frozen-thawed semen (4% DMF: 9.7 ± 1.8% and 7% DMF: 7.5 ± 3.2%). Sperm membrane function, membrane integrity and intact acrosomes were higher (p < .05) in raw semen (40.1 ± 12.2%, 94.6 ± 3.2% and 91.3 ± 8.1%) compared to frozen-thawed samples (4% DMF: 19.8 ± 4.7%, 53.2 ± 2.7%, 65.7 ± 8.7% and 7% DMF: 20.4 ± 4.5%, 54.1 ± 1.4%, 64.6 ± 9.1%). Length of the sperm head was lower in frozen-thawed samples, being statistically different with 4% DMF compared to pre-freezing samples. The ratio between acrosome and head areas was greater (p < .05) in frozen-thawed samples. Incubation of raw alpaca semen with collagenase decreased the thread formation without affecting sperm quality. Frozen of collagenase treated alpaca semen with 4% or 7% DMF did not preserve the sperm parameters in thawed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils H Flores Huarco
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú.,Escuela de Postgrado, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, Puno, Perú
| | - Susana M Giuliano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda G Fumuso
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán C Cucho Dolmos
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - María I Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Fumuso FG, Bertuzzi ML, Velásquez González N, Miragaya MH, Carretero MI. Cryopreservation of llama semen using a combination of permeable cryoprotectants. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:958-964. [PMID: 33829560 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is not available for massive use in South American Camelids (SACs) due to the lack of an efficient protocol and the low pregnancy rates obtained with artificial insemination (AI). The use of a single cryoprotectant (CP) is commonly used in SACs frozen semen. The objective of the study was to evaluate the combined cryoprotective capacity of two permeable CPs at different stages of the cryopreservation protocol in llama semen. Sixteen ejaculates from 4 llama males were analysed, and sperm quality was assayed in raw semen, at 5°C, after equilibration of samples with the CPs and when samples were thawed. The following CPs and combination were used: 6% glycerol (GL), 6% dimethylformamide (DMF) and the combination of both CPs: 3% GL and 3% DMF. A Kruskal-Wallis test and an experimental factorial design, considering one factor with four levels (raw semen, 6% GL, 6% DMF and GL/DMF), were used. Total sperm motility and live sperm with intact acrosomes remained unchanged after equilibration of samples (p > .05). A significant decrease in the percentage of functional membrane, motile and live sperm with intact acrosomes was observed when samples were thawed (GL, DMF and GL/DMF). Nevertheless, the cryopreservation protocols used preserved sperm DNA quality; thus, sperm chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation were unaffected (p > .05) when GL, DMF and GL/DMF were used. To conclude, no superiority was found between the use of a single or a combination of permeable cryoprotectants to freeze llama semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Lucía Bertuzzi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Velásquez González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ignacia Carretero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Valdivia M, Bravo Z, Reyes J, Gonzales GF. Rescue and Conservation of Male Adult Alpacas ( Vicugna pacos) Based on Spermatogonial Stem Cell Biotechnology Using Atomized Black Maca as a Supplement of Cryopreservation Medium. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:597964. [PMID: 33816583 PMCID: PMC8010694 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.597964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first time that testicular tissue (n = 44) and isolated testicular cells (n = 51) were cryopreserved from alpaca testes 24 h postmortem. For this purpose, internally designed freezing media and cryopreservation protocols were used. Testicular tissue fragments (25 mg) and isolated testicular cells were frozen in MTDB (trehalose and black maca), MTD (trehalose), MSDB (sucrose and black maca), and MSD (sucrose) media. Isolated spermatogonial cells were cryopreserved in two ways, before and after proliferation in vitro. After cryopreservation, the percentage of cell viability in Group 1 (>50% of cell viability) by trypan blue did not show differences within each group (p > 0.05) but showed significant differences when comparing fragments with isolated cells (p < 0.05). Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) were identified by flow cytometry as strong Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (sDBA) and mitochondrial activity of SSC as strongly positive for MitoSense (sMitoSense+) in intact mitochondria cells, weakly positive for MitoSense (wMitoSense+) in early apoptosis, and necrosis with 7-Aminoactinomycin-D positive (7-AAD). After freezing, in Group 1M (≥30% sMitoSense+), the fragments did not show differences between the media (p > 0.05), but in the isolated cells frozen in MSDB medium, 63.68 ± 8.90% (p < 0.05). In Group 2M (<30% sMitoSense+), necrosis (7AAD+) in MSDB medium was 27.03 ± 5.80%, and necrosis in isolated cells was 14.05 ± 9.3% with significant differences between these groups (p < 0.05); in sMitoSense+, the isolated cells (34.40 ± 23%) had a higher percentage than the fragments (12.4 ± 5.2) (p < 0.05). On the other hand, MSDB and MSD media were significantly higher for isolated cells than for fragments in sDBA+ (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the SSC (sDBA+) had significant differences (p < 0.05) between fresh cells 7.43 ± 1.3% (sDBA+) compared with those cryopreserved in MSDB medium 1.46 ± 0.34% (sDBA+). Additionally, the proliferated and cryopreserved SSC 6.29 ± 1.17% (sDBA+) did not show significant differences concerning the fresh cells (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the black maca showed antioxidant properties when it was included in the freezing medium and, therefore, improved the SSC's conservation of the alpaca. Furthermore, the proliferation of isolated cells in vitro produces a higher amount of SSC after thawing them for further preclinical or clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Valdivia
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Research Institute "Antonio Raimondi," Zoology Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Zezé Bravo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Research Institute "Antonio Raimondi," Zoology Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Jhakelin Reyes
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Research Institute "Antonio Raimondi," Zoology Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Gustavo F Gonzales
- Endocrine and Reproductive Laboratory, Department of Biological and Physiological Science, and Laboratory of Investigation and Development (LID), Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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8
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Morrell JM, Abraham MC. Semen Handling in South American Camelids: State of the Art. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:586858. [PMID: 33240960 PMCID: PMC7677228 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.586858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive biotechnologies such as artificial insemination could be very useful for South American camelids, allowing widespread use of semen from breeding males with desirable genetics. However, artificial insemination is not widely employed in these species and is considered to have low overall efficiency. This is due in part to incomplete knowledge about the physiology of conception in these species, and also to challenges presented by semen collection and handling. Several recent reviews have centered on female camelid reproduction; therefore, in this review, the focus is on semen handling. Various semen collection methods are presented. Different methods of reducing seminal viscosity are compared, such as needling, enzyme treatment, and colloid centrifugation. Use of enzymes remains controversial because of widely differing results among research groups. Colloid centrifugation, particularly single layer centrifugation, has proved to be successful in facilitating development of sperm handling techniques in dromedary camels, and has also been used with llama semen. Therefore, protocols for colloid centrifugation of alpaca semen could be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Morrell
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Zampini R, Castro-González XA, Sari LM, Martin A, Diaz AV, Argañaraz ME, Apichela SA. Effect of Cooling and Freezing on Llama ( Lama glama) Sperm Ultrastructure. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:587596. [PMID: 33195617 PMCID: PMC7655875 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.587596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation in South American camelids has a low efficiency. Post-thaw viability of sperm is low, and poor results are obtained when artificial insemination is performed with cryopreserved semen, impeding advances both in accelerated genetic progress and selection. This study aimed to describe the effect of a conventional method of camelid semen cryopreservation on the llama sperm ultrastructure during cooling and freezing, using transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM). Sperm motility, vigor, viability, and DNA integrity during those steps were also examined. Ejaculates from five fertile adult llama males were obtained by electroejaculation. For cooling, semen samples were washed with Hepes-balanced salt solution (HBSS), diluted in Tris-citric acid-fructose egg yolk extender (TCF-EY), and then cooled until 5°C for 24 h. For freezing, sperm samples were washed with HBSS, diluted in TCF-EY and cooled until 5°C for 2.5 h. Samples were equilibrated with TCF-EY, supplemented with 6% glycerol at 5°C for 20 min, and then stored in liquid nitrogen for a month before thawing. TEM and SEM analyses were carried out on sperm samples prior to cryopreservation, after cooling down until 5°C for 2.5 and 24 h, and after the freeze-thaw process. Ultrastructural injury was noticed during cooling, even though sperm motility, vigor, viability, and DNA integrity were not significantly affected. Analysis revealed plasma membrane and acrosome damage, loss of mitochondria, and axoneme and periaxonemal structure disorganization after 2.5 h of cooling. During freezing, a significant decrease in sperm motility and viability was observed after thawing. TEM and SEM revealed prominent signs of post-thawing damage. The plasma membrane was lost or exhibited various degrees of swelling, undulation, and perforations. Besides, the sperm presented vacuoles in the nucleus and broken acrosomes. Mitochondria in the midpiece showed vacuolization and structural disorganization. In conclusion, SEM and TEM revealed that cryopreservation induced ultrastructural damages in llama sperm that initiated during cooling and intensified during freezing. These details provide valuable data for further studies to minimize cryodamage in camelid sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Zampini
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ximena A Castro-González
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciana M Sari
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Martin
- Cátedra de Técnicas Quirúrgicas, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido (IIACS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Leales, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ana V Diaz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Martin E Argañaraz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvana A Apichela
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Zootecnia General I, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Al-Essawe EM, Abraham C, Kunkitti P, Axnér E, de Verdier K, Båge R, Morrell JM. Extenders for alpaca epididymal spermatozoa: Comparison of INRA96 and andromed. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 223:106629. [PMID: 33126045 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Artificial insemination would be a useful technique for alpaca breeders to use as an aid to breeding to increase fleece quality. The technique, however, is not well developed in alpacas, partly because of the viscous nature of their seminal plasma. Castration conducted for husbandry purposes can provide a source of epididymal spermatozoa to test semen extenders or handling regimens, thus circumventing the problem of the viscous ejaculate. In this experiment, two semen extenders (Andromed and INRA96) developed for other species (bovine and equine, respectively) were tested with alpaca spermatozoa derived from the cauda epididymis. Sperm total motility (mean ± SEM A: 29.1 ± 4.8 % compared with I: 35.4 ± 4.8 %; NS), membrane integrity (A: 58 ± 9% compared with I: 56 ± 9%; NS) and acrosome integrity (A: 65 ± 7% compared with I: 54 ± 7%; NS) were not different between the two extenders. Progressive motility with use of INRA96 was greater after incubating for 30 min than after incubating for 10 min (35 ± 4% vs. 12 ± 4%, respectively; P = 0.03). In conclusion, viable epididymal spermatozoa could be extracted from the castrated organs after overnight transport. There were no differences in sperm quality between the two extenders; therefore, it appears that either extender could be used for alpaca spermatozoa. These results could help in the development of a technique for artificial insemination in alpacas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essraa M Al-Essawe
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden; Al-Nahrain University-High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Clinical Reproductive Physiology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Celina Abraham
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Panisara Kunkitti
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Theriogenology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eva Axnér
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Renée Båge
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jane M Morrell
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Stuart CC, Vaughan JL, Kershaw CM, de Graaf SP, Bathgate R. Effect of diluent type, cryoprotectant concentration, storage method and freeze/thaw rates on the post-thaw quality and fertility of cryopreserved alpaca spermatozoa. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12826. [PMID: 31492923 PMCID: PMC6731240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared protocols for cryopreservation of ejaculated, papain-treated alpaca spermatozoa. This included different concentrations of egg yolk (EY; 5, 10 or 15%) and glycerol (2, 5 or 10%), diluent types (SHOTOR, lactose, skim milk or INRA-96™), freeze rates (2, 4 or 8 cm above liquid nitrogen; LN), thaw rates (37 °C for 1 min or 42 °C for 20 sec) and storage vessels (pellets, 0.25 mL straws or 0.5 mL straws). Spermatozoa were assessed pre-freeze and 0, 30, 60 and 90 min post-thaw. Forty-one hembras were inseminated with either fresh, papain-treated or frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Motility was affected by EY concentration (P < 0.001), diluent type (P < 0.001), freeze rate (P = 0.003) and storage vessel (P = 0.001). Viability was affected by EY concentration (P < 0.001), diluent type (P < 0.001), storage vessel (P = 0.002) and thaw rate (P = 0.03). For artificial insemination (AI), semen was diluted 1:3 in a lactose-based diluent, with 5% EY and glycerol. Freezing was in 0.5 mL straws, 2 cm above LN for 4 min then thawing at 37 °C for 1 min. Pregnancy rates of those ovulated (n = 26) were not different (1/5 fresh, 1/4 papain-treated, 0/17 frozen-thawed; P = 0.10). Pregnancy can be achieved after AI with papain-treated spermatozoa. Further work is needed to determine the optimal dose, timing and location for insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Stuart
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - J L Vaughan
- Cria Genesis, PO Box 406, Ocean Grove, VIC 3226, Australia
| | - C M Kershaw
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Shropshire, UK
| | - S P de Graaf
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R Bathgate
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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12
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Fumuso FG, Giuliano SM, Chaves MG, Neild DM, Miragaya MH, Carretero MI. Evaluation of the cryoprotective effect of seminal plasma on llama (Lama glama) spermatozoa. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13270. [PMID: 30907016 DOI: 10.1111/and.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In South American camelids, sperm survival is low after thawing and poor results are obtained when artificial insemination is performed with cryopreserved semen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different percentages (10% and 50%) of seminal plasma added prior to the process of cryopreservation and also to evaluate the absence of seminal plasma on llama sperm survival after freezing and thawing. A total of 15 ejaculates from five adult llama males (n = 5; r = 3) were evaluated. A significant decrease in sperm motility, viability, membrane function and intact acrosomes was observed in thawed samples (0%, 10% and 50%) when compared to raw semen. Neither morphology nor chromatin condensation was altered in all thawed samples (p > 0.05), but a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was observed after thawing all samples compared to raw semen. Higher percentages of total and progressive sperm motility were observed when 0% and 10% of seminal plasma were used compared to 50%. However, no statistical differences were established for sperm viability, membrane function, morphology, acrosome status and DNA quality between thawed treatments. To conclude, neither of the percentages of seminal plasma used showed superiority nor cryoprotective effect on llama sperm survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Fumuso
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana M Giuliano
- Cátedra de Física Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria G Chaves
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah M Neild
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria I Carretero
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Mamani-Mango G, Moina Gonzales M, Ramos Hidalgo M, Mendoza Mallma J, Ruiz Béjar J, Rivas Palma V, Mellisho Salas E. Effect of Extender and Freezing Rate on Quality Parameters and In Vitro Fertilization Capacity of Alpaca Spermatozoa Recovered from Cauda Epididymis. Biopreserv Biobank 2018; 17:39-45. [PMID: 30256664 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2018.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In alpacas, improvement of reproductive efficiency of male camelids is limited by the small testicular size, low spermatozoa production, and low quality of semen. In this study we aim to evaluate the effect of two extenders and two freezing rates on post-thaw quality of sperm recovered from alpaca epididymis with two methods (flushing and mincing), and to evaluate the in vitro fertilization (IVF) capacity of frozen sperm selected with two different selection methods (washing and swim-up). Sperm samples were processed with Tris-egg yolk or Bioxcell® extenders and frozen with slow freezing and fast freezing. The oocytes were coincubated with spermatozoa for 72 hours, and cleavage rates were recorded afterward. The results indicated that the recovery method did not influence sperm quality (∼70%). However, total sperm recovery was significantly lower for the flushing method than the mincing method. The sperm quality was influenced by the freezing extender (23.3% vs. 33.2%) and freezing rate (20.9% vs. 35.7%). When comparing different methods of sperm selection for IVF, no differences were observed on cleavage rate except for the fact that the concentration of sperm from swim-up method (20.6%) was significantly lower than the one obtained from the washing method (78.7%). The recovery technique of sperm does not affect sperm quality and the method of fast freezing was shown to be the most effective for cryopreservation of alpaca sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiulfo Mamani-Mango
- 1 Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, National Agrarian University La Molina, Lima, Peru.,2 Professional School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad Del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Milagros Moina Gonzales
- 1 Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, National Agrarian University La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Martín Ramos Hidalgo
- 1 Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, National Agrarian University La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - José Mendoza Mallma
- 3 Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineer Sciences, National University of Huancavelica, Huancavelica, Peru
| | - Jaime Ruiz Béjar
- 3 Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineer Sciences, National University of Huancavelica, Huancavelica, Peru
| | - Victoria Rivas Palma
- 4 Consultant in Biosafety Regulation, DGIA, National Institute of Agrarian Innovation, Lima, Peru
| | - Edwin Mellisho Salas
- 1 Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, National Agrarian University La Molina, Lima, Peru
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14
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Meza A, Caldeira C, Valverde A, Ordóñez C, Ampuero E, Cucho H, Soler C. Sperm kinematic characterization of alpaca (Vicugna pacos L.) during the reproductive season. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1415-1423. [PMID: 30043437 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semen analysis is a key factor when determining the fertility ability in males. South American camelids, and in particular the alpaca, have been studied very little when compared with other farm animals. The aim of this work was to perform the kinematic characterization of alpaca spermatozoa collected directly from the deferent duct by using CASA-Mot (Computer Assisted Semen Analysis for Motility) technology. Samples were obtained every three days throughout the reproductive season during two periods and with a break of seven days in the middle. During both periods, the quality of the sample's motility and kinematics increased over the first two days and then subsequently decreased. This pattern was similar in all animals. It was concluded that the introduction of resting times can be useful to improve sperm quality for artificial insemination purposes in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydee Meza
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Carina Caldeira
- PROISER R+D, Paterna, Spain.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Anthony Valverde
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of València, Burjassot, Spain.,School of Agronomy, Technological Institute of Costa Rica, Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - César Ordóñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Enrique Ampuero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Hernán Cucho
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Carles Soler
- PROISER R+D, Paterna, Spain.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of València, Burjassot, Spain
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15
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Abstract
South American camelids, particularly alpacas, are gaining in popularity outside their native lands. Reproductive biotechnologies, such as artificial insemination or embryo transfer with cryopreserved embryos, are more complicated in these species than many others due to differences in their reproductive physiology compared to the more commonly encountered domestic livestock. This article reviews the methods currently available for obtaining semen or spermatozoa from alpacas and describes some of the problems associated with handling the viscous seminal plasma characteristic of camelids. Possibilities and limitations of reproductive biotechnologies in this species are discussed, and future developments are outlined, especially some new techniques which are currently being developed for use with camel semen and may be transferable to alpacas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Abraham
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - R Båge
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J M Morrell
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Evangelista-Vargas S, Santiani A. Detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide) and lipid peroxidation during cryopreservation of alpaca spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:819-824. [PMID: 28455949 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to detect changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide) production and lipid peroxidation during cryopreservation of alpaca spermatozoa. Twelve alpaca semen samples were conventionally cryopreserved. Intracellular superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy using dihydroethidium (DHE)/YO-PRO-1 and dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA)/propidium iodide (PI), respectively. Evaluations were performed during cooling curve at (1) 25°C, (2) 15°C, (3) 5°C/0 min, (4) 5°C/15 min, (5) 5°C/30 min and (6) after freezing/thawing. Evaluation of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) was performed at 25°C, 5°C/30 min and after thawing. Maximum percentages of total spermatozoa producing superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were found at 5°C/30 min (62.8 ± 6.3% and 30.5 ± 5.6%, respectively), and these results were higher (p < .05) than initial (25°C: 10.8 ± 3.8% and 6.8 ± 0.7%, respectively) and after thawing (29.8 ± 9.5% and 7.5 ± 1.8%, respectively) values. However, considering only viable spermatozoa, production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide during overall stabilization at 5°C (>76% and >91%, respectively) and after thawing (74.9 ± 5.0% and 78.9 ± 2.2%, respectively) was higher (p < .05) than initial values at 25°C (38.7 ± 3.1% and 53.6 ± 2.0%, respectively). Lipid peroxidation at 25°C, 5°C/30 min, and post-thawing were 346.5 ± 99.8, 401.1 ± 64.8 and 527.7 ± 142.8 ng/ml MDA, respectively. These results showed that high percentage of viable alpaca spermatozoa produces intracellular reactive species oxygen (ROS) during the cryopreservation process of alpaca semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Evangelista-Vargas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive and Cellular Biotechnologies, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - A Santiani
- Faculty of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive and Cellular Biotechnologies, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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17
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El-Badry DA, Mohamed RH, EL-Metwally HA, Abo Al-Naga TR. The effect of some cryoprotectants on dromedary camel frozen-thawed semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:522-525. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DA El-Badry
- Artifcial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Department; Animal Reproduction Research Institute; Agriculture Research Center (ARC); Giza Egypt
| | - RH Mohamed
- Theriogenology Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aswan University; Giza Egypt
| | | | - TR Abo Al-Naga
- Animal Health Department; Desert Research Center; Cairo Egypt
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18
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Kershaw CM, Evans G, Rodney R, Maxwell WMC. Papain and its inhibitor E-64 reduce camelid semen viscosity without impairing sperm function and improve post-thaw motility rates. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1107-1114. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In camelids, the development of assisted reproductive technologies is impaired by the viscous nature of the semen. The protease papain has shown promise in reducing viscosity, although its effect on sperm integrity is unknown. The present study determined the optimal papain concentration and exposure time to reduce seminal plasma viscosity and investigated the effect of papain and its inhibitor E-64 on sperm function and cryopreservation in alpacas. Papain (0.1 mg mL–1, 20 min, 37°C) eliminated alpaca semen viscosity while maintaining sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity. Furthermore E-64 (10 µM at 37°C for 5 min after 20 min papain) inhibited the papain without impairing sperm function. Cryopreserved, papain-treated alpaca spermatozoa exhibited higher total motility rates after chilling and 0 and 1 h after thawing compared with control (untreated) samples. Papain treatment, followed by inhibition of papain with E-64, is effective in reducing alpaca seminal plasma viscosity without impairing sperm integrity and improves post-thaw motility rates of cryopreserved alpaca spermatozoa. The use of the combination of papain and E-64 to eliminate the viscous component of camelid semen may aid the development of assisted reproductive technologies in camelids.
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19
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Evangelista-Vargas D, Evangelista-Vargas S, Valdivia M, Santiani A. Assessment of spermatozoa in fertile alpaca (Vicugna pacos) males: Study of sperm head morphometry using a nonautomated digital method and sperm morphology based on strict criteria. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52:312-318. [PMID: 27987255 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although computer-assisted systems for sperm morphometry and morphological analysis are important tools in the study of male fertility, their use in extensive systems in alpacas is limited by factors such as the expense of equipment and the high altitudes of the Andean region. The objectives of this study were to evaluate alpaca sperm head morphometry using a nonautomated digital method and determine the frequency of sperm abnormalities based on strict criteria for sperm morphology in fertile male alpacas. Ejaculates (n = 15) from seven alpacas were collected, and sperm smears stained with modified Papanicolaou were processed. For morphometric analysis, 3,000 sperm (200 cells/sample) images were captured at 400× magnification and Quick Photo MICRO 3.0 software was used for manual measurement of basic (sperm head length, width, perimeter and area) and derived variables (ellipticity, shape factor, elongation and regularity). For morphology assessment, smears were observed at 1000× magnification according to WHO and strict criteria. Average morphometric parameters were length 5.48 μm, width 2.99 μm, perimeter 13.62 μm, area 12.43 μm2 , ellipticity 1.86, shape factor 1.20, elongation 0.29 and regularity 1.05. Significant between-individual and within-individual differences were found in morphometric parameters. Based on morphometric study, sperm heads were classified as elliptical or normal (49%), long (18%), short (2%), pyriform (12%), round (9%), large (6%) and small (4%). Morphological analysis found no additional sperm head defects in 49% of normal sperm obtained by morphometry, although a 4% incidence of neck/mid-piece defects and a 16% incidence of principal-piece defects were found. We conclude that sperm head morphometry assessment in fertile alpacas using a nonautomated digital method is feasible, and that defects in sperm heads constitute the main morphological alteration (>50% of the sperm population), based on WHO and strict criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Evangelista-Vargas
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Perú
| | - S Evangelista-Vargas
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Cellular Biotechnologies, Faculty of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur (UCSUR), Lima, Perú
| | - M Valdivia
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Perú
| | - A Santiani
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Cellular Biotechnologies, Faculty of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur (UCSUR), Lima, Perú.,Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Perú
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20
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Malo C, Crichton EG, Skidmore JA. Optimization of the cryopreservation of dromedary camel semen: Cryoprotectants and their concentration and equilibration times. Cryobiology 2016; 74:141-147. [PMID: 27818266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Research into an optimal cryoprotectant, its concentration and equilibration time underlies the successful cryopreservation of dromedary camel spermatozoa. This study assessed the cryo-efficiency of different cryoprotectants, their concentration and equilibration time and any interactions. In experiment 1, semen samples (n = 4 males; 2 ejaculates/male) were frozen using Green Buffer containing one of four cryoprotectants (3% glycerol, ethylene glycol, methyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide) and using 4 equilibration times (10 min, 0.5, 1 and 2 h). Glycerol and ethylene glycol provided the best motility recovery rates and different equilibration times were not significant for any cryoprotectant nor were any interactions noted. However different equilibration times were pertinent for improved kinematic parameters BCF and VSL. In experiment 2, glycerol and ethylene glycol were evaluated at 4 concentrations (1.5, 3, 6, 9%) with 0.5 h equilibration (n = 4 males, 3 ejaculates/male). Sperm motility recoveries, kinematics and acrosome status were assessed. Higher values for LIN and STR were found with ethylene glycol. At 0 and 1 h post thaw 3 and 6% of either cryoprotectant resulted in better motility values than 1.5%. Acrosome integrity was compromised at 9% cryoprotectant. There were interactions between cryoprotectant and concentration in total motility at 0 and 1 h. For glycerol, total motility recoveries were best at 3-9%; for ethylene glycol 1.5-6% were best at 0 h and 3-6% at 1 h. In conclusion, 3-6% glycerol or ethylene glycol offered the best cryoprotection for camel sperm while different equilibration times were not critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Malo
- Camel Reproduction Centre, PO Box 79914, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Julian A Skidmore
- Camel Reproduction Centre, PO Box 79914, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Santiani A, Ugarelli A, Evangelista-Vargas S. Characterization of functional variables in epididymal alpaca (Vicugna pacos) sperm using imaging flow cytometry. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 173:49-55. [PMID: 27577979 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epididymal alpaca sperm represent an alternative model for the study of alpaca semen. The objective of this study was to characterize the normal values of some functional variables in epididymal alpaca sperm using imaging flow cytometry. Alpaca testicles (n=150) were processed and sperm were recovered from the cauda epididymides. Only 76 samples with acceptable motility and sperm count were considered for assessment by imaging flow cytometry. Acrosome integrity and integrity/viability were assessed by FITC-PSA/PI and FITC-PNA/PI. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by MitoTracker CMXRos and MitoTracker Deep Red FM. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated using BODIPY 581/591 C11. Results show that the mean values for acrosome-intact sperm were 95.03±6.39% and 93.34±7.96%, using FITC-PSA and FITC-PNA, respectively. The mean values for acrosome-intact viable sperm were 60.58±12.12% with FITC-PSA/PI and 58.81±12.94% with FITC-PNA/PI. Greater MMP was detected in 65.03±15.92% and 59.52±19.19%, using MitoTracker CMXRos and MitoTracker Deep Red FM, respectively. Lipid peroxidation was 0.84±0.95%. Evaluation of acrosome-intact and acrosome-intact viable sperm with FITC-PSA/PI compared with. FITC-PNA/PI or MMP with MitoTracker CMXRos compared with MitoTracker Deep Red FM were correlated (P<0.05). The MMP using MitoTracker CMXRos was the only variable correlated (P<0.05) with sperm motility (r=0.3979). This report provides a basis for future research related to alpaca semen using the epididymal sperm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Santiani
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), 2800 Circunvalación Av., Lima 41, Peru; Laboratory of Reproductive and Cellular Biotechnologies, Faculty of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur (UCSUR), Panamericana Sur Km. 19, Lima 42, Peru.
| | - Alejandra Ugarelli
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Cellular Biotechnologies, Faculty of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur (UCSUR), Panamericana Sur Km. 19, Lima 42, Peru
| | - Shirley Evangelista-Vargas
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Cellular Biotechnologies, Faculty of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur (UCSUR), Panamericana Sur Km. 19, Lima 42, Peru
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22
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Carretero MI, Neild DM, Ferrante A, Caldevilla M, Arraztoa CC, Fumuso FG, Giuliano SM. Effect of cryoprotectant and equilibration temperature on cryopreservation ofLama glamaspermatozoa. Andrologia 2014; 47:685-93. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Carretero
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - D. M. Neild
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A. Ferrante
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M. Caldevilla
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C. C. Arraztoa
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - F. G. Fumuso
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - S. M. Giuliano
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Cátedra de Física Biológica; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
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23
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Attia M, Youssef A, El-Sherif R. Durable diagnosis of seminal vesicle and sexual gland diseases using the nano optical sensor thin film Sm-doxycycline complex. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 835:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Soler C, Sancho M, García A, Fuentes MC, Núñez J, Cucho H. Ejaculate Fractioning Effect on Llama Sperm Head Morphometry as Assessed by the
ISAS
®
CASA
system. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 49:71-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Soler
- Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física Universitat de València Burjassot Spain
| | | | | | | | - J Núñez
- Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física Universitat de València Burjassot Spain
| | - H Cucho
- Carrera de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Cusco Peru
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25
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Santiani Acosta A, Evangelista Vargas S, Valdivia Cuya M, Risopatrón González J, Sánchez Gutiérrez R. Effect of the addition of two superoxide dismutase analogues (Tempo and Tempol) to alpaca semen extender for cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2013; 79:842-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Vásquez J, Núñez V, Florentini E, Gonzales J, Camargo L, Valdivia M. Effects of five cryoprotective agents on quality of sheep epididymal spermatozoa during pre-freezing. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Bravo PW, Alarcon V, Baca L, Cuba Y, Ordoñez C, Salinas J, Tito F. Semen preservation and artificial insemination in domesticated South American camelids. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 136:157-63. [PMID: 23153624 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Semen preservation and artificial insemination in South American camelids are reviewed giving emphasis to work done in Peru and by the authors. Reports on semen evaluation and the preservation process indicate that semen of alpacas and llamas can be manipulated by making it liquid first. Collagenase appears to be the best enzyme to eliminate viscosity. Tris buffer solution maintains a higher motility than egg-yolk citrate, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Triladyl, and Merck-I extenders. Cooling of semen took 1h after collected, and equilibrated with 7% glycerol presented a better motility and spermatozoa survival at 1, 7, 15 and 30days after being slowly frozen in 0.25mL plastic straws. Trials of artificial insemination with freshly diluted semen and frozen-thawed semen are encouraging and needs to be tested extensively under field conditions. Recently, fertility rates varied from 3 to 67%. Semen preservation and most important, artificial insemination appear to be a reality, and could be used to improve the genetic quality of alpacas and llamas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Walter Bravo
- Carrera Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad, Cusco, Peru.
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Cheuquemán C, Merino O, Giojalas L, Von Baer A, Sánchez R, Risopatrón J. Assessment of sperm function parameters and DNA fragmentation in ejaculated alpaca sperm (Lama pacos) by flow cytometry. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:447-53. [PMID: 23082871 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has been shown to be an accurate and highly reproducible tool for the analysis of sperm function. The main objective of this study was to assess sperm function parameters in ejaculated alpaca sperm by flow cytometry. Semen samples were collected from six alpaca males and processed for flow cytometric analysis of sperm viability and plasma membrane integrity using SYBR-14⁄PI staining; acrosomal membrane integrity using FITC-conjugated Pisum Sativum Agglutinin⁄PI labelling; mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) by staining with JC-1 and DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) by TUNEL. The results indicate that the mean value for sperm viability was 57 ± 8 %. Spermatozoa with intact acrosome membrane was 87.9 ± 5%, and viable sperm with intact acrosomal membrane was 46.8 ± 9%, high mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was detected in 66.32 ± 9.51% of spermatozoa and mean DFI value was 0.91 ± 0.9%. The DFI was inversely correlated with high Δψm (p = 0.04; r = -0.41) and with plasma membrane integrity (p = 0.01; r = -0.47). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the assessment on the same sample of several parameters of sperm function in ejaculated alpaca sperm by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cheuquemán
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-Center of Reproductive Biotechnology), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Kershaw-Young CM, Maxwell WMC. Seminal Plasma Components in Camelids and Comparisons with Other Species. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 4:369-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Development of an artificial insemination protocol in llamas using cooled semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 131:204-10. [PMID: 22503638 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to design an AI protocol using cooled semen to obtain pregnancies in the llama. Each raw ejaculate was subdivided into four aliquots which were extended 1:1 with: (1) 11% lactose-egg yolk (L-EY), (2) Tris-citrate-fructose-egg yolk (T-F-EY), (3) PBS-llama serum (S-PBS) and (4) skim milk-glucose (K). Each sample reached 5°C in 2.5 h and remained at that temperature during 24 h. Percentages of the semen variables (motility, live spermatozoa) in ejaculates and samples cooled with L-EY were significantly greater than those obtained when cooling with the other extenders; therefore this extender was used (1:1) for all inseminations. Females were randomly divided into four groups (A-D) according to insemination protocol. Group A: females were inseminated with a fixed dose of 12 × 10(6) live spermatozoa kept at 37°C. Group B: females were inseminated with a fixed dose of 12 × 10(6) live spermatozoa, cooled to 5°C and kept for 24 h. Group C: females were inseminated with the whole ejaculate (variable doses), cooled to 5°C and kept for 24 h. These groups (A-C) were inseminated between 22 and 24 h after induction of ovulation. Group D: females were inseminated with the whole ejaculate (variable doses), cooled to 5°C, kept for 24 h and AI was carried out within 2 h after ovulation. Pregnancy rates were 75%, 0%, 0% and 23% for groups A, B, C and D respectively. These results indicate that it is possible to obtain llama pregnancies with AI using cooled semen and that the success of the technique would depend on the proximity to ovulation.
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31
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Kershaw-Young C, Maxwell W. The effect of seminal plasma on alpaca sperm function. Theriogenology 2011; 76:1197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Effect of glycerol concentration, Equex STM® supplementation and liquid storage prior to freezing on the motility and acrosome integrity of frozen-thawed epididymal alpaca (Vicugna pacos) sperm. Theriogenology 2010; 74:311-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Morton KM, Thomson PC, Bailey K, Evans G, Maxwell WMC. Quality parameters for alpaca (Vicugna pacos) semen are affected by semen collection procedure. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:637-43. [PMID: 19144029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is poorly developed in camelids owing to the difficulty in collecting high quality semen and the highly viscous nature of the semen. Semen collected by artificial vagina (AV) is often of low quality and must be improved before any further development of AI technology can occur. The present study investigated the effects of adding a cervix-like stricture to the AV, presence of females, collecting semen into Androhep, skim-milk or Tris diluents, and catalase supplementation (0, 100, 200 or 600 units/ml) of Tris diluent on alpaca semen quality parameters. The addition of a cervix-like stricture increased mating length (p < 0.05), whilst the presence of females during semen collection did not improve semen quality parameters (p > 0.05). Collection of semen into Tris diluent improved sperm motility (58.0 +/- 11.9%) compared with the control (34.0 +/- 10.8%; p < 0.05), Androhep (33.5 +/- 10.7%) and skim-milk diluents (28.2 +/- 10.4%). Semen viscosity was reduced by collection into Androhep (4.6 +/- 1.7 mm) and skim-milk diluents (3.6 +/- 1.3 mm) compared with Tris diluent (5.7 +/- 2.1 mm) and no collection medium (9.3 +/- 3.5 mm; p < 0.05). Tris diluent supplemented with 100, 200 or 600 units/ml catalase increased semen viscosity (5.0 +/- 3.2 and 4.9 +/- 3.2 mm). Collection of alpaca semen by AV into Tris diluent increased semen quality facilitating further development of AI technology in alpacas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Morton
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (ReproGen), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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34
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Adams G, Ratto M, Collins C, Bergfelt D. Artificial insemination in South American camelids and wild equids. Theriogenology 2009; 71:166-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Ponzio MF, Busso JM, Fiol de Cuneo M, Ruiz RD, Ponce AA. Functional Activity of Frozen Thawed Chinchilla lanigera Spermatozoa Cryopreserved with Glycerol or Ethylene Glycol. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:228-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Morton KM, Bathgate R, Evans G, Maxwell WMC. Cryopreservation of epididymal alpaca (Vicugna pacos) sperm: a comparison of citrate-, Tris- and lactose-based diluents and pellets and straws. Reprod Fertil Dev 2008; 19:792-6. [PMID: 17897581 DOI: 10.1071/rd07049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epididymal spermatozoa were harvested from male alpacas and frozen after extension and cooling to 4 degrees C in citrate-, Tris- and lactose-based diluents (Experiment 1) and as pellets in 0.25- and 0.5-mL straws on either dry ice or over liquid nitrogen vapour (Experiment 2) to determine the effects diluents and packaging on their motility and acrosome integrity. In Experiment 1, sperm motility was higher after cooling to 4 degrees C and after freeze-thawing (0 but not 3 h post-thaw) for spermatozoa extended in the lactose- than the citrate- or Tris-based diluent (P < 0.05). Post-thaw acrosome integrity after cooling to 4 degrees C and post-thaw (0 h) was reduced for spermatozoa frozen in citrate- compared with lactose- or Tris-based diluents, but was similar for all groups 3 h after thawing. In Experiment 2, sperm motility immediately after thawing was higher for pellet freezing than for 0.25- or 0.5-mL straws on dry ice or liquid nitrogen vapour (P < 0.05), although by 3 h post-thaw motility was similar for pellets and straws (P > 0.05). Acrosome integrity was similar for all groups immediately after thawing and 3 h post-thaw. Cryopreservation of epididymal alpaca spermatozoa is feasible, with retained motility and acrosome integrity post-thaw. Freezing as pellets in a lactose-based diluent is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Morton
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (ReproGen), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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37
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Abstract
Glycerol alone or in combination with other additives is one of the most widely used and successful cryoprotectants for human sperm. The glycerol method requires rigorous post thaw sample washing for use in ART and this may lead to low sperm yield from oligospermic samples. In this study the feasibility of the use of sucrose in sperm cryopreservation was explored. Sucrose as cryoprotectant was combined with direct plunging of sample into liquid nitrogen (vitrification) as a freezing method. Sucrose treated sperm from normozoospermic and severly oligozoospermic samples underwent rapid freeze and thaw. Motility and viability were evaluated before freezing (after sucrose equilibration) as well as post freezing (after thaw). The 100 mM concentration of sucrose showed better cryoprotectant features compared to that of higher concentrations (200-1000 mM). Sucrose (100 mM)treated sperm maintained low but acceptable motility (30%) and satisfactory viability (60%) after freezing and thawing. The cryoprotectant capacity of sucrose for normozoospermic and oligozoospermic samples were identical. The sucrose method utilizes rapid freezing of a micro volume of sample and thus quickly freezes, thaws, and maximizes recovery of the sperm from the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hossain
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galveston, Texas, USA.
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