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Gohil P, Nanavati B, Patel K, Suthar V, Joshi M, Patil DB, Joshi CG. Assessing the efficacy of probiotics in augmenting bovine reproductive health: an integrated in vitro, in silico, and in vivo study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1137611. [PMID: 37275132 PMCID: PMC10232901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1137611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize bovine-vaginal probiotics genotypically and phenotypically using in silico and evaluate their in vivo performance in buffaloes with endometritis. For the in vitro isolation and characterization, vaginal swabs were collected from 34 cows and 17 buffaloes, and 709 primary bacterial isolates with probiotic activity were obtained using MRS agar media. Two isolates Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KUGBRC (LPKUGBRC) and Pediococcus pentosaceus GBRCKU (PPGBRCKU) demonstrated optimum in vitro probiotic activities as compared to Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG including, acid production, secretion of fatty acids and exopolysaccharide, cell surface hydrophobicity, self-aggregating and co-aggregating capacity with pathogens, anti-microbial activity and bacteriocin-like compounds against pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in cell-free supernatant and absence of hemolytic activity. Their phenotypic capacity was confirmed by analyzing the whole genome sequencing data and identifying genes and pathways associated with probiotic properties. These probiotic isolates have shown no virulence genes were discovered in their genomic study. In vivo study of 92 buffaloes suffering from clinical endometritis with purulent cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) were randomly allocated 40 × 108 CFU/ml LPKUGBRC and PPGBRCKU and 40 ml Normal saline. The LPKUGBRC reduced the duration between administration of probiotic to induction of healthy estrus significantly. However, no effect was observed on pregnancy rate. These results suggest that LPKUGBRC and PPGBRCKU probiotic bacteria demonstrate probiotic efficiency and adaptability. Further sourced from the same niche as the targeted infection, they offer a distinct advantage in targeting the specific microbial population associated with endometritis. The findings of this study highlight the potential of LPKUGBRC and PPGBRCKU probiotics in treating endometritis and suggest further exploration of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Gohil
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavya Nanavati
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kajal Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vishal Suthar
- Directorate of Research, Kamdhenu University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhvi Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak B. Patil
- Directorate of Research, Kamdhenu University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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2
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Zhao YN, Wu P, Zhao ZY, Chen FX, Xiao A, Yue ZY, Han XW, Zheng Y, Chen Y. Electrodeposition of chitosan/graphene oxide conduit to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:207-212. [PMID: 35799544 PMCID: PMC9241416 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.344836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available commercial nerve guidance conduits have been applied in the repair of peripheral nerve defects. However, a conduit exhibiting good biocompatibility remains to be developed. In this work, a series of chitosan/graphene oxide (GO) films with concentrations of GO varying from 0–1 wt% (collectively referred to as CHGF-n) were prepared by an electrodeposition technique. The effects of CHGF-n on proliferation and adhesion abilities of Schwann cells were evaluated. The results showed that Schwann cells exhibited elongated spindle shapes and upregulated expression of nerve regeneration-related factors such as Krox20 (a key myelination factor), Zeb2 (essential for Schwann cell differentiation, myelination, and nerve repair), and transforming growth factor β (a cytokine with regenerative functions). In addition, a nerve guidance conduit with a GO content of 0.25% (CHGFC-0.25) was implanted to repair a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. The results indicated improvements in sciatic functional index, electrophysiology, and sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle histology compared with the CHGFC-0 group, and similar outcomes to the autograft group. In conclusion, we provide a candidate method for the repair of peripheral nerve defects using free-standing chitosan/GO nerve conduits produced by electrodeposition.
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3
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Placenta-derived extracellular vesicles from preeclamptic and healthy pregnancies impair ex vivo vascular endothelial function. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:232126. [PMID: 36408626 PMCID: PMC9760606 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy syndrome characterized by new-onset hypertension and end-organ dysfunction. The pathophysiology of PE remains undetermined, but it is thought that maternal vascular dysfunction plays a central role, potentially due, in part, to the release of syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) into the maternal circulation by a dysfunctional placenta. STBEVs from normal pregnancies (NP) impair vascular function, but the effect of PE STBEVs (known to differ in composition with elevated circulating levels) on vascular function are not known. We hypothesized that PE STBEVs have more detrimental effects on vascular function compared with NP STBEVs. STBEVs were collected by perfusion of placentas from women with NP or PE. Mesenteric arteries from pregnant rats were incubated overnight with NP or PE STBEVs, and vascular function was assessed by wire myography. NP and PE STBEVs impaired endothelial function, partially by reducing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with NP and PE STBEVs increased nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) activation, reactive oxygen species, nitrotyrosine levels, and reduced NO levels. However, PE STBEVs increased NF-κB activation and nitrotyrosine levels to a lesser extent than NP STBEVs. Taken together, no greater impact of PE STBEVs compared with NP STBEVs on endothelial function was found. However, the impaired vascular function by PE STBEVs and increased levels of STBEVs in PE suggest PE STBEVs may contribute to maternal vascular dysfunction in PE. Our study further expands on the potential mechanisms that lead to adverse outcomes in PE and provides potential targets for future interventions.
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Proença PL, Carvalho LB, Campos EV, Fraceto LF. Fluorescent labeling as a strategy to evaluate uptake and transport of polymeric nanoparticles in plants. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 305:102695. [PMID: 35598536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The use of biodegradable nanopolymers in agriculture offers an excellent alternative for the efficient delivery of agrochemicals that promote plant protection and development. However, tracking of these systems inside plants requires complex probe tagging strategies. In addition to providing a basis for better understanding such nanostructures to optimize delivery system design, these probes allow monitoring the migration of nanoparticles through plant tissues, and determine accumulation sites. Thus, these probes are powerful tools that can be used to quantify and visualize nanoparticle accumulation in plant cells and tissues. This review is an overview of the methods involved in labeling nanocarriers, mainly based on polymeric matrices, for the delivery of nanoagrochemicals and the recent advances in this field.
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Saquib Q, Al-Salem AM, Siddiqui MA, Ansari SM, Zhang X, Al-Khedhairy AA. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP): A flame retardant in solid waste display hepatotoxic and carcinogenic risks for humans. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133977. [PMID: 35216979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have confirmed that tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), an organophosphorous flame retardants (OPFRs), profoundly detected in the dust from solid waste (SW), e-waste dumping sites, landfills, and wastewater treatment facilities. Herein, we evaluated the hepatotoxic and carcinogenic potential of TBEP in human liver cells (HepG2). HepG2 cells exhibited cytotoxicity after 3 days of exposure, especially at greater concentrations (100-400 μM). TBEP induced severe DNA damage and cell cycle disturbances that trigger apoptosis in HepG2. TBEP treated cells showed an elevated level of esterase, nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and influx of Ca2+ in exposed cells. Thereby, causing oxidative stress and proliferation inhibition. TBEP exposed HepG2 cells exhibited dysfunction in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated cytoplasmic and nucleolar localization of DNA damage (P53) and apoptotic (caspase 3 and 9) proteins in HepG2 grown in the presence of TBEP for 3 days. Within the cohort of 84 genes of cancer pathway, 10 genes were upregulated and 3 genes were downregulated. The transcriptomic and toxicological data categorically emphasize that TBEP is hepatotoxic, and act as a putative carcinogenic agent. Thereby, direct or indirect ingestion of TBEP containing dusts by workers involved in handling and disposal of SW, as well as residents living nearby the disposal areas are prone to its adverse health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M Al-Salem
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha M Ansari
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Saquib Q, Al-Salem AM, Siddiqui MA, Ansari SM, Zhang X, Al-Khedhairy AA. Cyto-Genotoxic and Transcriptomic Alterations in Human Liver Cells by Tris (2-Ethylhexyl) Phosphate (TEHP): A Putative Hepatocarcinogen. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073998. [PMID: 35409358 PMCID: PMC8999606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) is an organophosphate flame retardant (OPFRs) which is extensively used as a plasticizer and has been detected in human body fluids. Contemporarily, toxicological studies on TEHP in human cells are very limited and there are few studies on its genotoxicity and cell death mechanism in human liver cells (HepG2). Herein, we find that HepG2 cells exposed to TEHP (100, 200, 400 µM) for 72 h reduced cell survival to 19.68%, 49.83%, 58.91% and 29.08%, 47.7% and 57.90%, measured by MTT and NRU assays. TEHP did not induce cytotoxicity at lower concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50 µM) after 24 h and 48 h of exposure. Flow cytometric analysis of TEHP-treated cells elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), Ca++ influx and esterase levels, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction (ΔΨm). DNA damage analysis by comet assay showed 4.67, 9.35, 13.78-fold greater OTM values in TEHP (100, 200, 400 µM)-treated cells. Cell cycle analysis exhibited 23.1%, 29.6%, and 50.8% of cells in SubG1 apoptotic phase after TEHP (100, 200 and 400 μM) treatment. Immunofluorescence data affirmed the activation of P53, caspase 3 and 9 proteins in TEHP-treated cells. In qPCR array of 84 genes, HepG2 cells treated with TEHP (100 µM, 72 h) upregulated 10 genes and downregulated 4 genes belonging to a human cancer pathway. Our novel data categorically indicate that TEHP is an oxidative stressor and carcinogenic entity, which exaggerates mitochondrial functions to induce cyto- and genotoxicity and cell death, implying its hepatotoxic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-114-675-768
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Salem
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Maqsood A. Siddiqui
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Sabiha M. Ansari
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
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Hu N, Li W, Hong Y, Zeng Z, Zhang J, Wu X, Zhou K, Wu F. A PD1 targeted nano-delivery system based on epigenetic alterations of T cell responses in the treatment of gastric cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:148-159. [PMID: 35024441 PMCID: PMC8724952 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely examined recently. Although ICIs have been progressively improved for successful gastric cancer treatment, different trials of ICIs such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab have yielded widely variable response rates. Strategies to further improve the efficacy of ICIs are still needed. Previous studies have shown that de novo DNA methylation is acquired by PD1+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), which cause a hierarchical downregulation of cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The epigenetic agent 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) blocks de novo DNA methylation in activated PD1+CD8+ TILs. Such a feature might help enhance the anti-tumor effect of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment. In this study, polyethylene glycol-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) were linked to the anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab to yield αPD1-NPs for targeting TILs with PD1 overexpression using DAC. In addition, the NPs increased DAC stability and improved IFN-γ secretion and the anti-tumor effect of ICB in vitro. Therefore, targeted delivery of DAC reverses the exhaustion of PD1+CD8+ TILs and improves T cell responses and the treatment effect of ICB. These findings suggest that nivolumab-NPs are a potential tool for the delivery of epigenetic drugs, which could enhance the anti-tumor effect of ICB in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Yidong Hong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Zengtao Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Xueyu Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Kangjie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Fenglei Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
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Belliveau J, Papoutsakis ET. Extracellular Vesicles Facilitate Large-Scale Dynamic Exchange of Proteins and RNA Among Cultured Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) and Human Cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1222-1238. [PMID: 35120270 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells in culture are viewed as unique individuals in a large population communicating through extracellular molecules and, more recently extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our data here paint a different picture: large-scale exchange of cellular material through EVs. To visualize the dynamic production and cellular uptake of EVs, we used correlative confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as flow cytometry to interrogate labeled cells. Using cells expressing fluorescent proteins (GFP, miRFP703) and cells tagged with protein and RNA dyes, we show that Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells dynamically produce and uptake EVs to exchange proteins and RNAs at a large scale. Applying a simple model to our data, we estimate, for the first time, the per cell specific rates of EV production (68 and 203 microparticles and exosomes, respectively, per day). This EV-mediated massive exchange of cellular material observed in CHO cultures was also observed in cultured human CHRF-288-11 and primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This study demonstrates an underappreciated massive protein and RNA exchange between cells mediated by EVs spanning cell type, suggesting that the proximity of cells in normal and tumor tissues may also result in prolific exchange of cellular material. This exchange would be expected to homogenize the cell-population cytosol and dynamically regulate cell proliferation and the cellular state. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Belliveau
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711.,Delaware Biotechnology Institute,, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711
| | - Eleftherios T Papoutsakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711.,Delaware Biotechnology Institute,, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711
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9
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Saquib Q, Al-Salem AM, Siddiqui MA, Ansari SM, Zhang X, Al-Khedhairy AA. Organophosphorus Flame Retardant TDCPP Displays Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Risks in Human Liver Cells. Cells 2022; 11:195. [PMID: 35053312 PMCID: PMC8773750 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCPP) is an organophosphorus flame retardant (OPFR) widely used in a variety of consumer products (plastics, furniture, paints, foams, and electronics). Scientific evidence has affirmed the toxicological effects of TDCPP in in vitro and in vivo test models; however, its genotoxicity and carcinogenic effects in human cells are still obscure. Herein, we present genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of TDCPP in human liver cells (HepG2). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays demonstrated survival reduction in HepG2 cells after 3 days of exposure at higher concentrations (100-400 μM) of TDCPP. Comet assay and flow cytometric cell cycle experiments showed DNA damage and apoptosis in HepG2 cells after 3 days of TDCPP exposure. TDCPP treatment incremented the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), Ca2+ influx, and esterase level in exposed cells. HepG2 mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) significantly declined and cytoplasmic localization of P53, caspase 3, and caspase 9 increased after TDCPP exposure. qPCR array quantification of the human cancer pathway revealed the upregulation of 11 genes and downregulation of two genes in TDCPP-exposed HepG2 cells. Overall, this is the first study to explicitly validate the fact that TDCPP bears the genotoxic, hepatotoxic, and carcinogenic potential, which may jeopardize human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Salem
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha M Ansari
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Xiao C, Qiu C, Deng J, Ye J, Gao L, Su J, Luo OJ, Wang P, Chen G. Optimization of antigen-specific CD8 + T cell activation conditions for infectious diseases including COVID-19. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100789. [PMID: 34414379 PMCID: PMC8363473 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the use of the artificial antigen-presenting cell (aAPC) system for the verification of T-cell epitopes. We purify and activate CD8+ T cells from blood samples from HLA-A2 that are negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). CD8+ T cells are combined with peptide-loaded T2-A2 cells, which are then stained with a SARS-CoV-2-specific MHC-1 tetramer to identify specific HLA-A2-restricted T-cell epitopes. The use of aAPC and healthy donors means that only BSL2 lab conditions are needed. For details of the use and implementation of this protocol, please refer to Deng et al. (2021). Protocol for convenience to validate SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T-cell epitopes Rapid cell model applicable to produce a large number of specific CD8+ T cells A cell model applicable to activation of CD8+ T cells with various infectious diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congling Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Huaqiao Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieping Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiezhou Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Su
- Affiliated Huaqiao Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oscar Junhong Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Huaqiao Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Morales-Kastresana A, Welsh JA, Jones JC. Detection and Sorting of Extracellular Vesicles and Viruses Using nanoFACS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 95:e81. [PMID: 33332760 DOI: 10.1002/cpcy.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are sub-micron-sized membranous spheres secreted by cells. EVs play a functional role as intercellular communicators and are associated with a number of diseases. Research into EVs is an area of growing interest due their many potential uses as therapeutic agents, as diagnostic and theranostic biomarkers, and as regulators of cellular biology. Flow cytometry is a popular method for enumerating and phenotyping EVs, even though the majority of EVs are below the detection sensitivity of most commercially available flow cytometers. Here, we present optimized protocols for EV labeling that increase the signal-to-noise ratio of EVs by removing residual antibody. Protocols for alignment of high-resolution jet-in-air flow cytometers are also provided. Published 2020. U.S. Government. Basic Protocol 1: Bulk EV staining with CFSE protein binding dye Basic Protocol 2: Antigen-specific staining of EV markers with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies Basic Protocol 3: Astrios EQ instrument setup and sample acquisition Basic Protocol 4: Counting particles and EVs on Astrios EQ with spike-in reference beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizea Morales-Kastresana
- Laboratory of Pathology, Translational Nanobiology Section, Centre for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua A Welsh
- Laboratory of Pathology, Translational Nanobiology Section, Centre for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Laboratory of Pathology, Translational Nanobiology Section, Centre for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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12
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Wang S, Cai K, Song Y, Zhu Y. A Novel Fluorescent 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxaldehyde‐ 2,5‐diaminoterephthalicacid‐Schiff Base Polymer for Cu
2+
Detection. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Keying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Yonghai Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Yongmei Zhu
- Analysis and Testing Center Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
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13
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Wan B, Li C, Wang M, Kong F, Ding Q, Zhang C, Liu H, Qian D, Deng W, Chen J, Tang P, Wang Q, Zhao S, Zhou Z, Xu T, Huang Y, Gu J, Fan J, Yin G. GIT1 protects traumatically injured spinal cord by prompting microvascular endothelial cells to clear myelin debris. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7067-7083. [PMID: 33621952 PMCID: PMC7993661 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clearance of myelin debris is a critical step in the functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). As phagocytes do, microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) participate in myelin debris clearance at the injury site within one week. Our group has verified that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is essential in autophagy and angiogenesis, both of which are tightly related to the uptake and degradation of myelin debris by MECs. Here, we analyzed the performance and mechanism of GIT1 in myelin debris clearance after SCI. The SCI contusion model was established and in vitro MECs were treated with myelin debris. Better recovery from traumatic SCI was observed in the GIT1 WT mice than in the GIT1 KO mice. More importantly, we found that GIT1 prompted MECs to clear myelin debris and further enhanced MECs angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, GIT1-mediated autophagy contributed to the clearance of myelin debris by MECs. In this study, we demonstrated that GIT1 may prompt MECs to clear myelin debris via autophagy and further stimulate MECs angiogenesis via upregulating VEGF. Our results indicate that GITI may serve as a promising target for accelerating myelin debris clearance and improving SCI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qirui Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chenliang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian 223600, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dingfei Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenlin Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Pengyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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14
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Verza BS, van den Beucken JJJP, Brandt JV, Jafelicci Junior M, Barão VAR, Piazza RD, Tagit O, Spolidorio DMP, Vergani CE, de Avila ED. A long-term controlled drug-delivery with anionic beta cyclodextrin complex in layer-by-layer coating for percutaneous implants devices. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117604. [PMID: 33541637 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated a drug-delivery system with anionic beta cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexes to retain tetracycline (TC) and control its release from multilayers of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(l-lysine) (PLL) in a ten double layers ([PAA/PLL]10) coating onto titanium. The drug-delivery capacity of the multilayer system was proven by controlled drug release over 15 days and sustained released over 30 days. Qualitative images confirmed TC retention within the layer-by-layer (LbL) over 30 days of incubation. Antibacterial activity of TC/anionic β-CD released from the LbL was established against Staphylococcus aureus species. Remarkably, [PAA/PLL]10/TC/anionic β-CD antibacterial effect was sustained even after 30 days of incubation. The non-cytotoxic effect of the multilayer system revealed normal human gingival fibroblast growth. It is expected that this novel approach and the chemical concept to improve drug incorporation into the multilayer system will open up possibilities to make the drug release system more applicable to implantable percutaneous devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz S Verza
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Humaita, 1680 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - João V Brandt
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-970, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Jafelicci Junior
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-970, Brazil.
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Rodolfo D Piazza
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-970, Brazil.
| | - Oya Tagit
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid, 28 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Denise M P Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vergani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Humaita, 1680 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Erica D de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Humaita, 1680 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Sun N, Zhang H, Sun P, Khan A, Guo J, Zheng X, Sun Y, Fan K, Yin W, Li H. Matrine exhibits antiviral activity in a PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected mouse model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153289. [PMID: 32771536 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection is very common in swine industry which results in huge economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is used to prevent viral diseases, immunosuppression induced by PRRSV and PCV2 leads to vaccine failure. PURPOSE Our previous results have demonstrated that Matrine possess antiviral activities against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection in vitro. This study aims to establish a PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected KM mouse model and evaluate the antiviral activities of Matrine against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. STUDY DESIGN A total of 144 KM mice were randomly divided into six groups with 24 mice in each group, named as: normal control, PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected group (PRRSV/PCV2 group), Ribavirin treatment positive control (Ribavirin control) and Matrine treatment groups (Matrine 40 mg/kg, Matrine 20 mg/kg and Matrine 10 mg/kg). METHODS Except normal control group, all mice in other five groups were inoculated with PRRSV, followed by PCV2 at 2 h later. At 7 days post-infection (dpi), mice in the treatment groups were intraperitoneally administered with various doses of Matrine and Ribavirin, twice a day for 5 consecutive days. RESULTS PRRSV N and PCV2 CAP genes were detected by PCR in multiple tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, thymus and inguinal lymph nodes. The viral load of PCV2 was the highest in liver followed by thymus and spleen. Although PRRSV were detected in most of tissues, but the replication of PRRSV was not significantly increased, as shown by qPCR analysis. Comparing with PCV2 infection alone, PRRSV infection significantly elevated PCV2 replication and exacerbated PCV2 induced interstitial pneumonia. qPCR analysis demonstrated 40 mg/kg Matrine significantly attenuated PCV2 replication in liver and alleviated virus induced interstitial pneumonia, suggesting Matrine could directly inhibit virus replication. In addition, Matrine treatment enhanced peritoneal macrophages phagocytosis at 13 and 16 dpi, and 40 mg/kg of Matrine increased the proliferation activity of lymphocytes. Body weight gain was continuously promoted by administrating Matrine at 10 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Matrine possessed antiviral activities via inhibiting virus replication and regulating immune functions in mice co-infected by PRRSV/PCV2. These data provide new insight into controlling PRRSV and PCV2 infection and support further research for developing Matrine as a new possible veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Zheng
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yaogui Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Kuohai Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
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16
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Morani M, Mai TD, Krupova Z, Defrenaix P, Multia E, Riekkola ML, Taverna M. Electrokinetic characterization of extracellular vesicles with capillary electrophoresis: A new tool for their identification and quantification. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1128:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Mucus in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the primary point-of-interaction between humans and their gut microbiota. This intimates that mucus not only ensures protection against endogenous and exogenous opportunists but also provisions for the human microbiota to reside and flourish. With the emergence of living therapeutics, engineered microbes can deliver and produce increasingly complex medicine, and controlling the mucoadhesive properties of different microbial chassis can dictate dose-response in a patient. Here we present a redesigned, in vitro, plate-based assay to measure the mucus adhesion of various probiotics. Cell-mucus interactions were isolated by immobilizing mucus to the plate surface. Binding parameters were derived for each probiotic strain by measuring cell adhesion over a wide range of cell concentrations, providing dose-dependent adhesion metrics. Surface proteins and cell components known to influence mucoadhesion were then heterologously expressed or altered in Lactococcus lactis MG1363 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 to control mucus-binding capacity, avidity, and cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. S. Mays
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Todd C. Chappell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Nikhil U. Nair
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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18
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Kong FQ, Zhao SJ, Sun P, Liu H, Jie J, Xu T, Xu AD, Yang YQ, Zhu Y, Chen J, Zhou Z, Qian DF, Gu CJ, Chen Q, Yin GY, Zhang HW, Fan J. Macrophage MSR1 promotes the formation of foamy macrophage and neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:62. [PMID: 32066456 PMCID: PMC7027125 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A sustained inflammatory response following spinal cord injury (SCI) contributes to neuronal damage, inhibiting functional recovery. Macrophages, the major participants in the inflammatory response, transform into foamy macrophages after phagocytosing myelin debris, subsequently releasing inflammatory factors and amplifying the secondary injury. Here, we assessed the effect of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in phagocytosis of myelin debris after SCI and explained its possible mechanism. Methods The SCI model was employed to determine the critical role of MSR1 in phagocytosis of myelin debris in vivo. The potential functions and mechanisms of MSR1 were explored using qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence after treating macrophages and RAW264.7 with myelin debris in vitro. Results In this study, we found improved recovery from traumatic SCI in MSR1-knockout mice over that in MSR1 wild-type mice. Furthermore, MSR1 promoted the phagocytosis of myelin debris and the formation of foamy macrophage, leading to pro-inflammatory polarization in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, in the presence of myelin debris, MSR1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway contributed to the release of inflammatory mediators and subsequently the apoptosis of neurons. Conclusions Our study elucidates a previously unrecognized role of MSR1 in the pathophysiology of SCI and suggests that its inhibition may be a new treatment strategy for this traumatic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Qi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Jie
- Department of Orthopedics, Pukou Branch of JiangSu Province Hospital (Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - An-Di Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ding-Fei Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Yong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Han-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Stackowicz J, Jönsson F, Reber LL. Mouse Models and Tools for the in vivo Study of Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3130. [PMID: 32038641 PMCID: PMC6985372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood and critical actors of the immune system. Many neutrophil functions and facets of their activity in vivo were revealed by studying genetically modified mice or by tracking fluorescent neutrophils in animals using imaging approaches. Assessing the roles of neutrophils can be challenging, especially when exact molecular pathways are questioned or disease states are interrogated that alter normal neutrophil homeostasis. This review discusses the main in vivo models for the study of neutrophils, their advantages and limitations. The side-by-side comparison underlines the necessity to carefully choose the right model(s) to answer a given scientific question, and exhibit caveats that need to be taken into account when designing experimental procedures. Collectively, this review suggests that at least two models should be employed to legitimately conclude on neutrophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Stackowicz
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR INSERM 1222, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR INSERM 1222, Paris, France
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR INSERM 1222, Paris, France.,Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), UMR 1043, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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21
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Sharifnia Z, Bandehpour M, Hamishehkar H, Mosaffa N, Kazemi B, Zarghami N. In-vitro Transcribed mRNA Delivery Using PLGA/PEI Nanoparticles into Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:1659-1675. [PMID: 32184837 PMCID: PMC7059071 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Induction of protein synthesis by the external delivery of in-vitro transcription-messenger RNA (IVT-mRNA) has been a useful approach in the realm of cell biology, disease treatment, reprogramming of cells, and vaccine design. Therefore, the development of new formulations for protection of mRNA against nucleases is required to maintain its activity in-vivo. It was the aim of the present study to investigate the uptake, toxicity, transfection efficiency as well as phenotypic consequences of a nanoparticle (NP) in cell culture. NP consists of poly D, L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) for delivery of in-vitro transcription-messenger RNA (IVT- mRNA) encoded green fluorescent protein (GFP) in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Nanoparticles that were synthesized and encapsulated with synthetic GFP mRNA, exhibited size distribution in this formulation, with mean particle sizes ranging between 415 and 615 nm. Zeta potential was positive (above 12-13 mV) and the encapsulation efficiency exceeded 73.5%. Our results demonstrated that PLGA/PEI NPs encapsulation of GFP mRNA had no toxic effect on immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells and was capable of delivering of IVT-mRNA into moDCs and was highly effective. The expression of GFP protein 48 h after transfection was confirmed by flow cytometry, microscopic examination and western blotting assay. This NP can make a way to target moDCs to express a variety of antigens by IVT- mRNA. The present study introduced the PLGA/PEI NP, which provided effective delivery of IVT-mRNA that encodes the GFP protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarin Sharifnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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22
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Haro Chávez NL, de Avila ED, Barbugli PA, de Oliveira RC, de Foggi CC, Longo E, Vergani CE. Promising effects of silver tungstate microcrystals on fibroblast human cells and three dimensional collagen matrix models: A novel non-cytotoxic material to fight oral disease. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:505-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Rolfe AJ, Bosco DB, Broussard EN, Ren Y. In Vitro Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris by Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29364206 DOI: 10.3791/56322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) are mature leukocytes that serve a critical physiological role as professional phagocytes capable of clearing a variety of particles. Normally, BMDMs are restricted from the central nervous system (CNS), but following an injury, they can readily infiltrate. Once within the injured CNS tissue, BMDMs are the primary cell type responsible for the clearance of injury-derived cellular debris, including large quantities of lipid rich myelin debris. The neuropathological ramifications of BMDM infiltration and myelin debris phagocytosis within the CNS are complex and not well understood. The protocols described here, allow for the direct in vitro study of BMDMs in the context of CNS injury. We cover murine BMDM isolation and culture, myelin debris preparation, and assays to assess BMDM myelin debris phagocytosis. These techniques produce robust quantifiable results without the need for significant specialized equipment or materials, yet can be easily customized to meet the needs of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Rolfe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University
| | - Dale B Bosco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University
| | - Erynn N Broussard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University;
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Roschger C, Neukirchen S, Elsässer B, Schubert M, Maeding N, Verwanger T, Krammer B, Cabrele C. Targeting of a Helix-Loop-Helix Transcriptional Regulator by a Short Helical Peptide. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1497-1503. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; Billrothstrasse 11 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Saskia Neukirchen
- Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; Billrothstrasse 11 5020 Salzburg Austria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruhr-University Bochum; Universitaetsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Brigitta Elsässer
- Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; Billrothstrasse 11 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; Billrothstrasse 11 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Nicole Maeding
- Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; Hellbrunnerstrasse 34 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Thomas Verwanger
- Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; Hellbrunnerstrasse 34 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Barbara Krammer
- Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; Hellbrunnerstrasse 34 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology; University of Salzburg; Billrothstrasse 11 5020 Salzburg Austria
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25
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Huang CP, Chen CC, Shyr CR. The anti-tumor effect of intravesical administration of normal urothelial cells on bladder cancer. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1233-1245. [PMID: 28818454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary tract and for advanced forms of the disease it has a high mortality rate. There are no approved new molecularly targeted agents or chemotherapeutics for advanced UBC beyond cisplatin-based chemotherapy except the recently approved anti-programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) antibody. With complex genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumors, despite several druggable targets identified, to cure UBC is still a challenging unmet medical need. Like other cancers, UBC to the host body is considered as a wound, aging stem cell disease and immunosuppressive disorder. Therefore, we proposed a novel cellular approach to target the host body by intravesical instilling of normal urothelial cells that could repair the injury and reduce inflammation by activating body-reparative capacity and because non-self cells are transplanted, host body immune responses could be induced in the tumor microenvironment of UBC to restrain and even eliminate tumor cells. METHODS In this study, we isolated and expanded normal male murine urothelial cells and intravesically administered them into the bladders of female mice of two orthotopic bladder tumor models and one urothelial injury model. RESULTS We showed that the instillation of normal urothelial cells containing stem/progenitor cell population into bladders could have anti-tumor effect in orthotopic tumor models, possibly by activating immune responses and helping injured urothelium tissue recovery in a chemically induced urothelial injury model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings could lead to an innovative and revolutionary cell therapy modality with normal urothelial cells as an effective and safe therapeutic option for UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ping Huang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Departments of Urology/Surgery and Medical Laboratory Science & Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Chen
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Departments of Urology/Surgery and Medical Laboratory Science & Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Rong Shyr
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Departments of Urology/Surgery and Medical Laboratory Science & Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Kim B, Lee YJ, Park JG, Yoo D, Hahn YK, Choi S. A portable somatic cell counter based on a multi-functional counting chamber and a miniaturized fluorescence microscope. Talanta 2017; 170:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vitamin E-rich Nanoemulsion Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Low-Dose Paclitaxel by Driving Th1 Immune Response. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1244-1254. [PMID: 28326458 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To overcome the drawbacks of high dose regimen and improve the outcomes of chemotherapy at a low dose, an immunotherapeutic nanoemulsion based combination of chemotherapeutic agent (paclitaxel) with immunomodulatory agent (vitamin E) was developed and evaluated for their antitumor effect against breast cancer. METHODS A total of five nanoemulsions loaded with various content of vitamin E were prepared and characterized. The immunoregulatory effects of vitamin E along with the overall antitumor efficacy of vitamin E-rich nanoemulsion with a low dose of paclitaxel were investigated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS Vitamin E-rich nanoemulsion exhibited relatively narrow size distribution, high entrapment efficiency and controlled in vitro release profile. In RAW264.7 cells, vitamin E-rich nanoemulsion significantly enhanced the secretion of Th1 cytokines and down-regulated the secretion of Th2 cytokine. In a co-culture system, vitamin E-rich nanoemulsion induced a high apoptosis rate in MDA-MB-231 cells as compared with vitamin E-low nanoemulsion. Furthermore, vitamin E-rich nanoemulsion exhibited superior in vivo antitumor efficacy in comparison with Taxol and vitamin E-low nanoemulsion at a paclitaxel dose of 4 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin E-rich nanoemulsion has great potential for the treatment of breast cancers with a low dose of paclitaxel via driving Th1 immune response.
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Marin JJG, Lozano E, Perez MJ. Lack of mitochondrial DNA impairs chemical hypoxia-induced autophagy in liver tumor cells through ROS-AMPK-ULK1 signaling dysregulation independently of HIF-1α. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:71-84. [PMID: 27687210 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and autophagy activation are common events in tumors. Here we have investigated the effect of mitochondrial genome depletion on chemical hypoxia-induced autophagy in liver tumor cells. Human SK-Hep-1 wild-type and mtDNA-depleted (Rho) cells were exposed to the hypoxia mimetic agents CoCl2 and deferoxamine (DFO). Up-regulation of HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α was observed. The expression of several HIF-1α target genes was also found. In human SK-Hep-1 and mouse Hepa 1-6 liver tumor cells, but not in the counterpart Rho derived lines, chemical hypoxia increased the abundance of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. In wild-type and Rho cells, chemical hypoxia induced down-regulation of HIF-1α-dependent autophagy inhibitors Bcl-2 and mTOR, whereas activation of AMPK/ULK1-mediated pro-autophagy pathway occurred only in wild-type cells. Chemical (compound C) and genetic (shRNA) inhibition of AMPK activation resulted in reduced autophagy. ATP levels were similar in both cell types, whereas constitutive and chemical hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was lower in Rho cells. In wild-type cells, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine blocked CoCl2- and DFO-induced AMPK and autophagy activation, but not endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by CoCl2. Enhanced Bax-α/Bcl-2 ratio and cell death was induced by hypoxia mimetic agents more markedly in wild-type than in Rho cells. Upon blocking autophagy activation with 3-methyladenine, DFO-induced cell death was partially prevented whereas that induced by CoCl2 was increased, but only in wild-type cells. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction associated with the lack of mtDNA impairs the signaling pathways mediated by ROS, controlling autophagy activation in liver tumor cells, which may contributes to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J G Marin
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting, IBSAL, CIBERehd. University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elisa Lozano
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting, IBSAL, CIBERehd. University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J Perez
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting, IBSAL, CIBERehd. University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; University Hospital of Salamanca, IECSCYL-IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Gopas J, Stern E, Zurgil U, Ozer J, Ben-Ari A, Shubinsky G, Braiman A, Sinay R, Ezratty J, Dronov V, Balachandran S, Benharroch D, Livneh E. Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma present features of cellular senescence. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2457. [PMID: 27831553 PMCID: PMC5287295 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) is one of the most prevailing malignancies in young adults. Reed–Sternberg (RS) cells in HL have distinctive large cell morphology, are characteristic of the disease and their presence is essential for diagnosis. Enlarged cells are one of the hallmarks of senescence, but whether RS cells are senescent has not been previously investigated. Here we show that RS cells have characteristics of senescent cells; RS cells in HL biopsies specifically express the senescence markers and cell cycle inhibitors p21Cip1 and p16INK4a and are negative for the proliferation marker Ki-67, suggesting that these cells have ceased to proliferate. Moreover, the RS-like cells in HL lines, stained specifically for senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal). Oxidative stress promoted senescence in these cells as demonstrated by their staining for p21Cip1, p16INK4a, p53 and γH2AX. Senescent cells produce copious amounts of inflammatory cytokines termed ‘senescence-associated secretory phenotype' (SASP), primarily regulated by Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB). Indeed, we show that NF-κB activity and NF-κB-dependent cytokines production (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, GM-CSF) were elevated in RS-like cells. Furthermore, NF-κB inhibitors, JSH-23 and curcumin reduced IL-6 secretion from RS-like cells. Thus, defining RS cells as senescent offers new insights on the origin of the proinflammatory microenvironment in HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gopas
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - E Stern
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - U Zurgil
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - J Ozer
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - A Ben-Ari
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - G Shubinsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.,Flow Cytometry Unit, Hematology Laboratory and Institute of Hematology, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - A Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - R Sinay
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - J Ezratty
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - V Dronov
- Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - S Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - D Benharroch
- Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - E Livneh
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Duangprompo W, Aree K, Itharat A, Hansakul P. Effects of 5,6-Dihydroxy-2,4-Dimethoxy-9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene on G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Lung Carcinoma Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1473-1490. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
5,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (HMP) is an active compound isolated from the rhizome extracts of Dioscorea membranacea Pierre, a Thai medicinal plant. This study aimed to investigate the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of HMP in human lung cancer A549 cells. The antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of HMP were analyzed by a Sulforhodamine B assay. Cell division, cell cycle distribution and membrane asymmetry changes were each performed with different fluorescent dyes and then analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and immunoblotting were used to detect cell cycle- and apoptosis-related mRNA levels and proteins, respectively. The nuclear morphology of the cells stained with DAPI and DNA fragmentation were detected by fluorescence microscopy and gel electrophoresis, respectively. The results showed that HMP exerted strong antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities in A549 cells with the highest selectivity index. It halted the cell cycle in [Formula: see text]/M phase via down-regulation of the expression levels of regulatory proteins Cdc25C, Cdk1 and cyclinB1. In addition, HMP induced early apoptotic cells with externalized phosphatidylserine and subsequent apoptotic cells in sub-[Formula: see text] phase. HMP increased caspase-3 activity and levels of the cleaved (active) form of caspase-3 whose actions were supported by the cleavage of its target PARP, nuclear condensation and DNA apoptotic ladder. Moreover, HMP significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of proapoptotic Bax as well as promoted subsequent caspase-9 activation and BID cleavage, indicating HMP-induced apoptosis via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. These data support, for the first time, the potential role of HMP as a cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis-inducing agent for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipada Duangprompo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand
| | - Kalaya Aree
- Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand
| | - Pintusorn Hansakul
- Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongluang, Thailand
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Assessment of lymphocyte proliferation for diagnostic purpose: Comparison of CFSE staining, Ki-67 expression and 3H-thymidine incorporation. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1215-1222. [PMID: 27562802 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The capability of lymphocytes to respond to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation is an important feature in the diagnosis of various immunodeficiencies and immune disorders. We used large cohorts of both immune compromised patients and healthy controls to measure lymphocyte proliferations by means of three methods: CFSE staining, Ki-67 expression and 3H-thymidine incorporation. The advantages and disadvantages of each method was then evaluated for use in routine clinical diagnostic. The statistical analysis was performed between the outcomes and the correlation between all three methods was computed. CFSE and Ki-67 assay correlated well with the r=0.767, correlation between Ki-67 expression and 3H-thymidine incorporation was 0.546 and correlation between CFSE staining and 3H-thymidine incorporation was 0.337. The differences between these three methods concerning complexity, sensitivity and reliability as well as the financial aspects are discussed hereafter. CFSE and its analogues provide the cheapest and reasonable choice for measuring lymphocyte proliferation, while Ki-67 represents a more expensive, but more sensitive and robust method. The original 3H-thymidine assay does not bring any advantages and cannot compare to the competition presented by modern flow cytometric methods available today.
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Sosa-Castañeda J, Hernández-Mendoza A, Astiazarán-García H, Garcia HS, Estrada-Montoya MC, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Cordoba B. Screening of Lactobacillus strains for their ability to produce conjugated linoleic acid in milk and to adhere to the intestinal tract. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:6651-9. [PMID: 26233456 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to provide beneficial effects on health; however, the amount consumed in food is far from that required for the desired effects. Thus, increasing the CLA content in dairy foods through milk fermentation with specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) offers an interesting alternative. Moreover, some LAB may be able to adhere to the intestinal mucosa and produce CLA through endogenous synthesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to screen LAB isolates for their ability to produce CLA in skim milk and in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Additionally, the ability of selected CLA-producing LAB to adhere to the intestinal mucosa in a murine model was assessed. Results showed that of 13 strains of Lactobacillus tested, only 4 were able to produce CLA in skim milk supplemented with linoleic acid (13.44 ± 0.78 to 50.9 ± 0.26 µg/mL). Furthermore, these 4 Lactobacillus strains were able to survive and produce CLA in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and to adhere to the intestinal mucosa of Wistar rats after 7 d of oral inoculation with fluorescently labeled bacteria. Accordingly, these 4 Lactobacillus strains may be used to manufacture fermented dairy foods to increase CLA content, and consumption of these fermented milks may result in CLA produced endogenously by these LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sosa-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - A Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - H Astiazarán-García
- Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - H S Garcia
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos (UNIDA) Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz M. A. de Quevedo, Veracruz, Veracruz 91897, Mexico
| | - M C Estrada-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - A F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - B Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
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Liu B, Wang Y, Guo X, Zhu W, Zhang Y, He P. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester labeling method to study the interaction between Leptospira and macrophages. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 107:205-13. [PMID: 25455022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis, which is caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira, has emerged as one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases in the world. The exact mechanism of pathogenesis remains unknown, and the interaction between Leptospira and macrophages is not well understood. In this study, we report that carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) can efficiently label different Leptospira interrogans strains without affecting bacterial motility, viability, or virulence. Following co-incubation, CFDA-SE-labeled leptospires associated with macrophages were quantified by flow cytometry or confocal microscopy. In addition, we showed that trypan blue efficiently quenched the extracellular fluorescence from the adherent leptospires, which enabled intracellular and extracellular bacteria to be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Boucher J, Simard É, Froehlich U, D'Orléans-Juste P, Grandbois M. Using carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester to monitor intracellular protein glycation. Anal Biochem 2015; 478:73-81. [PMID: 25800564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycation is a ubiquitous process involved in vascular complications observed in diabetes. Glyoxal (GO), an intracellular reactive oxoaldehyde that is one of the most potent glycation agents, readily reacts with amines present on proteins to produce the lysine-derived adduct carboxymethyllysine, which is a prevalent advanced glycation end-product (AGE). Our group previously showed that cell exposure to GO leads to an alteration in the cell contractile activity that could occur as a result of the glycation of various proteins regulating the cell contractile machinery. Here, we measured the extent of glycation on three functionally distinct proteins known to participate in cell contraction and cytoskeletal organization-Rho-kinase (ROCK), actin, and gelsolin (GSN)-using an assay based on the reaction of the cell membrane-permeable fluorescent probe carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE), which reacts with primary amine groups of proteins. By combining CFDA-SE fluorescence and Western blot detection, we observed (following GO incubation) increased glycation of actin and ROCK as well as an increased interaction between actin and GSN as observed by co-immunoprecipitation. Thus, we conclude that the use of the fluorescent probe CFDA-SE offers an interesting alternative to perform a comparative analysis of the extent of intracellular protein glycation in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boucher
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Élie Simard
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ulrike Froehlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pedro D'Orléans-Juste
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michel Grandbois
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Nugroho RH, Yoshikawa K, Shimizu H. Metabolomic analysis of acid stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:396-404. [PMID: 25795572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acid stress has been reported to inhibit cell growth and decrease productivity during bio-production processes. In this study, a metabolomics approach was conducted to understand the effect of lactic acid induced stress on metabolite pools in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells were cultured with lactic acid as the acidulant, with or without initial pH control, i.e., at pH 6 or pH 2.5, respectively. Under conditions of low pH, lactic acid led to a decrease in the intracellular pH and specific growth rate; however, these parameters remained unaltered in the cultures with pH control. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry followed by a statistical principal component analysis was used to identify the metabolites and measure the increased concentrations of ATP, glutathione and proline during severe acid stress. Addition of proline to the acidified cultures improved the specific growth rates. We hypothesized that addition of proline protected the cells from acid stress by combating acid-induced oxidative stress. Lactic acid diffusion into the cell resulted in intracellular acidification, which elicited an oxidative stress response and resulted in increased glutathione levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyanto Heru Nugroho
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Yoshikawa
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Santos SRD, Branco N, Franco RMB, Paterniani JES, Katsumata M, Barlow PW, de Mello Gallep C. Fluorescence decay of dyed protozoa: differences between stressed and non-stressed cysts. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 30:1139-47. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ricardo dos Santos
- School of Technology; University of Campinas/Limeira; SP Brazil
- School of Agricultural Engineering; University of Campinas/Campinas; SP Brazil
| | - Nilson Branco
- Biology Institute; University of Campinas/Campinas; SP Brazil
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Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Zhu R, Zhu Y, Yao W, Liu W, Gao X. The ERK/eIF4F/Bcl-XL pathway mediates SGP-2 induced osteosarcoma cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:203-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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In vivo investigation of twin-screw extruded lipid implants for vaccine delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 87:338-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jbeily N, Claus RA, Dahlke K, Neugebauer U, Bauer M, Gonnert FA. Comparative suitability of CFDA-SE and rhodamine 6G for in vivo assessment of leukocyte-endothelium interactions. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:369-375. [PMID: 24488628 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intravital fluorescence microscopy (IVM) is a predestined tool for investigating the fate of leukocytes during the process of leukocyte recruitment. In the present study, the commonly used dye for this purpose, rhodamine 6G, and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) were compared for leukocytes labelling with respect to suitability for IVM studies. Their potential in labelling different leukocytes subpopulations as well as their fluorescence intensities were assessed by flow cytometry revealing distinct differences between both dyes. These differences had a profound impact on their application for in vivo imaging of leukocyte-endothelium interactions. In summary, CFDA-SE revealed superior in labelling leukocytes for in vivo microscopy with respect to image quality. In addition, we could show the efficiency of CFDA-SE also under disease condition in an animal model of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayla Jbeily
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care CSCC, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany; International Leibniz Research School, Jena, Germany
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Hunter MC, O’Hagan KL, Kenyon A, Dhanani KCH, Prinsloo E, Edkins AL. Hsp90 binds directly to fibronectin (FN) and inhibition reduces the extracellular fibronectin matrix in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86842. [PMID: 24466266 PMCID: PMC3899338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been identified in the extracellular space and has been shown to chaperone a finite number of extracellular proteins involved in cell migration and invasion. We used chemical cross-linking and immunoprecipitation followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to isolate a complex containing Hsp90 and the matrix protein fibronectin (FN) from breast cancer cells. Further analysis showed direct binding of Hsp90 to FN using an in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assay, a solid phase binding assay and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. Confocal microscopy showed regions of co-localisation of Hsp90 and FN in breast cancer cell lines. Exogenous Hsp90β was shown to increase the formation of extracellular FN matrix in the Hs578T cell line, whilst knockdown or inhibition of Hsp90 led to a reduction in the levels of both soluble and insoluble FN and could be partially rescued by addition of exogenous Hsp90β. Treatment of cells with novobiocin led to internalization of FN into vesicles that were positive for the presence of the lysosomal marker, LAMP-1. Taken together, the direct interaction between FN and Hsp90, as well as the decreased levels of both soluble and insoluble FN upon Hsp90 inhibition or knockdown, suggested that FN may be a new client protein for Hsp90 and that Hsp90 was involved in FN matrix assembly and/or stability. The identification of FN as a putative client protein of Hsp90 suggests a role for Hsp90 in FN matrix stability, which is important for a number of fundamental cellular processes including embryogenesis, wound healing, cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan C. Hunter
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Kyle L. O’Hagan
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Amy Kenyon
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Karim C. H. Dhanani
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Adrienne L. Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Mallick S, Dutta A, Dey S, Ghosh J, Mukherjee D, Sultana SS, Mandal S, Paloi S, Khatua S, Acharya K, Pal C. Selective inhibition of Leishmania donovani by active extracts of wild mushrooms used by the tribal population of India: An in vitro exploration for new leads against parasitic protozoans. Exp Parasitol 2014; 138:9-17. [PMID: 24440295 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study was intended at evaluating the anti-proliferating effect of mushrooms used in traditional folklore of Santal tribal population in India against Leishmania donovani (MHOM/IN/83/AG83). A total of eighteen extracts, three estracts from each mushroom [(80% ethanol extracted; Fa), (water-soluble polysaccharide fraction; Fb), (polyphenolic fraction; Fc)], from six wild mushrooms were obtained. These extracts were tested against the promastigotes and amastigotes for their antileishmanial capacity. Fa fractions (250 μg/mL) of Astraeus hygrometricus and Tricholoma giganteum significantly inhibited the growth of L. donovani promastigotes and interfered in lipid biosynthesis. Moreover, both fractions induced apoptosis in promastigotes. Water soluble Fb fractions of A. hygrometricus, Russula laurocerasi, Russula albonigra, Termitomyces eurhizus, Russula delica and polyphenolic Fc fraction of R. laurocerasi were found to inhibit the replication of intracellular amastigotes in macrophages dose dependently. Significantly, 50% inhibitory concentration of the active extracts against intracellular amastigotes induced release of nitric oxide and IL-12 in murine macrophages and dendritic cells assay and also found considerably non-toxic on murine splenocytes. Results of this study can be used as a basis for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations in the effort for search of novel anti-leishmanial leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvadip Mallick
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | - Aritri Dutta
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | - Somaditya Dey
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | - Joydip Ghosh
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarati Mukherjee
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | - Sirin Salma Sultana
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | - Supratim Mandal
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumitra Paloi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Somanjana Khatua
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chiranjib Pal
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India.
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Banks HT, Choi A, Huffman T, Nardini J, Poag L, Thompson WC. Quantifying CFSE Label Decay in Flow Cytometry Data. APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS 2013; 26:571-577. [PMID: 23526173 PMCID: PMC3601764 DOI: 10.1016/j.aml.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed a series of models for the label decay in cell proliferation assays when the intracellular dye carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) is used as a staining agent. Data collected from two healthy patients were used to validate the models and to compare the models with the Akiake Information Criteria. The distinguishing features of multiple decay rates in the data are readily characterized and explained via time dependent decay models such as the logistic and Gompertz models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Banks
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, Center for Quantitative Sciences in Biomedicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Gallo V, Skorokhod OA, Schwarzer E, Arese P. Simultaneous determination of phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized and non-parasitized red blood cells by flow cytometry. Malar J 2012; 11:428. [PMID: 23259636 PMCID: PMC3546840 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe falciparum malaria anaemia (SMA) is a frequent cause of mortality in children and pregnant women. The most important determinant of SMA appears to be the loss of non-parasitized red blood cells (np-RBCs) in excess of loss of parasitized (p-) RBCs at schizogony. Based on data from acute SMA where excretion of haemoglobin in urine and increased plasma haemoglobin represented respectively less than 1% and 0.5% of total Hb loss, phagocytosis appears to be the predominant mechanism of removal of np- and p-RBC. Estimates indicate that np-RBCs are cleared in approximately 10-fold excess compared to p-RBCs. An even larger removal of np-RBCs has been described in vivax malaria anaemia. Estimates were based on two single studies both performed on neurosyphilitic patients who underwent malaria therapy. As the share of np-RBC removal is likely to vary between wide limits, it is important to assess the contribution of both np- and p-RBC populations to overall RBC loss, and disclose the mechanism of such variability. As available methods do not discriminate between the removal of np- vs p-RBCs, the purpose of this study was to set up a system allowing the simultaneous determination of phagocytosis of p- and np-RBC in the same sample. Methods and Results Phagocytosis of p- and np-RBCs was quantified in the same sample using double-labelled target cells and the human phagocytic cell-line THP-1, pre-activated by TNF and IFNγ to enhance their phagocytic activity. Target RBCs were double-labelled with fluorescent carboxyfluorescein-succinimidyl ester (CF-SE) and the DNA label ethidium bromide (EB). EB, a DNA label, allowed to discriminate p-RBCs that contain parasitic DNA from the np-RBCs devoid of DNA. FACS analysis of THP-1 cells fed with double-labelled RBCs showed that p- and np-RBCs were phagocytosed in different proportions in relation to parasitaemia. Conclusions The assay allowed the analysis of phagocytosis rapidly and with low subjective error, and the differentiation between phagocytosed p- and np-RBCs in the same sample. The presented method may help to analyse the factors or conditions that modulate the share of np-RBC removal in vitro and in vivo and lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gallo
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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David MS, Huynh MD, Kelly E, Rizos H, Coleman H, Rogers G, Zoellner H. Membrane and cytoplasmic marker exchange between malignant neoplastic cells and fibroblasts via intermittent contact: increased tumour cell diversity independent of genetic change. J Pathol 2012; 228:495-505. [PMID: 22692803 DOI: 10.1002/path.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that human osteosarcoma cells (SAOS-2) induce contact-dependent apoptosis in endothelium, and expected similar apoptosis in human gingival fibroblasts (h-GF) using SAOS-2 alkaline phosphatase (AP) to identify cells. However, h-GF apoptosis did not occur, despite reduction in AP-negative h-GF number (p < 0.01) and enhancement of this by h-GF TNFα pretreatment (p < 0.01). We suggest that TNFα-enhanced transfer of membrane AP from SAOS-2 to h-GF would explain these data. This idea was investigated using fluorescence prelabelled cells and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Co-cultures of membrane-labelled h-GF (marker-DiO) and SAOS-2 (marker-DiD) generated dual-labelled cells, primarily at the expense of single labelled h-GF (p < 0.001), suggesting predominant membrane transfer from SAOS-2 to h-GF. However, opposite directional transfer predominated when membrane labels were reversed; SAOS-2 further expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) in cytoplasm and nuclei, and h-GF additionally bore nuclear label (Syto59) (p < 0.001). Cytoplasmic exchange was investigated using h-GF prelabelled with cytoplasmic DDAO-SE and nuclear Syto59, co-cultured with SAOS-2 expressing GFP in cytoplasm and nuclei, and predominant cytoplasmic marker transferred from h-GF to SAOS-2 (p < 0.05). Pretreating h-GF with TNFα increased exchange of membrane markers (p < 0.04) but did not affect either cell surface area profile or circularity. Dual-labelled cells had a morphological phenotype differing from SAOS-2 and h-GF (p < 0.001). Time-lapse microscopy revealed extensive migration of SAOS-2 and cell process contact with h-GF, with the appearance of SAOS-2 indulging in 'cellular sipping' from h-GF. Similar exchange of membrane was seen between h-GF and with other cell lines (melanoma MeIRMu, NM39, WMM175, MM200-B12; osteosarcoma U20S; ovarian carcinoma cells PE01, PE04 and COLO316), while cytoplasmic sharing was also seen in all cell lines other than U20S. We suggest that in some neoplasms, cellular sipping may contribute to phenotypic change and the generation of diverse tumour cell populations independent of genetic change, raising the possibility of a role in tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu S David
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Yang T, Chen ZZ, Kolb HJ, Buhmann R. A novel nonradioactive CFDA assay to monitor the cellular immune response in myeloid leukemia. Immunobiology 2012; 218:548-53. [PMID: 22883564 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor lymphocyte transfusion (DLT) may induce the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect for patients with AML relapsed after transplant. However, AML is a highly diverse disease and the limited overall efficacy of DLT in clinical practice emphasizes the importance of identifying a specific subgroup of patients who might benefit from this treatment approach. OBJECTIVE To monitor the cellular immune response after DLT, we developed an active specific immunization strategy using in vitro generated AML-trained T cells to induce a highly specific antileukemic T-cell response and thus established a novel nonradioactive assay system to assess the antileukemia immunity by flow cytometry, correlated with [3H]-thymidine uptake. METHODS The myeloid blasts derived from five patients with AML relapsed post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) were first labeled with CFDA (5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester). To analyze the growth inhibitory potential of the donor T cells trained by AML progenitor cells, the myeloid blasts were induced to proliferate by means of a cytokine cocktail (50ng/mL of SCF; 25ng/mL of IL-3; 100ng/mL of GM-CSF; 100ng/mL of G-CSF; 2U/mL of EPO; 0.47g/L of transferrin; and 5×10(-5)mmol/L of 2-ME). The T cell mediated growth inhibitory potential was detected after 5 days by flow cytometry and correlated with [3H]-thymidine uptake. The simultaneous use of TO-PRO-dye and calibrate beads allowed not only the cell viability to be known but also allowed quantification of the effector function. RESULTS Here, we applied a CFDA dye to track the proliferation and expansion of AML blasts in response to the cytokine cocktail in vitro. AML-trained T cells, expressed high levels of the activation markers CD25 and CD69, and were generated to recognize the leukemic progenitor cells and inhibit cytokine-induced leukemic cell proliferation, which is an active specific immunization strategy circumventing the identification of leukemia-associated antigens. The capability of proliferation inhibition of AML-trained T cells evaluated with our nonradioactive, CFDA-based assay provided comparable results with the classic [3H]-thymidine assay with an even lower ratio of effector to target cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, the novel, nonradioactive, CFDA-based assay was a robust tool to monitor the antileukemic immune response after DLT in myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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CIGB-247: a VEGF-based therapeutic vaccine that reduces experimental and spontaneous lung metastasis of C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mouse tumors. Vaccine 2012; 30:1790-9. [PMID: 22240345 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CIGB-247 is a novel cancer therapeutic vaccine that uses a mutated form of human VEGF as antigen. Being metastatic disease the most dramatic factor of tumor biology affecting patient survival and cure, preclinical evaluation of the impact of CIGB-247 vaccination on experimental metastasis mouse models is highly relevant, and constitutes the focus of this work. CIGB-247 was administered in a weekly schedule known to effectively reduce primary tumor growth. The vaccine was tested in experimental and spontaneous metastasis models of colon (CT26), lung (3LL-D122) and breast (F3II) carcinomas growing in C57Bl/6 or BALB/c mice. Primary tumor growth parameters, metastatic counts, and/or animal survival were recorded. Histology and specific humoral and cellular responses to the vaccine were evaluated. As compared to control groups, CIGB-247 vaccination significantly reduced the number and size of metastatic tumor foci in lungs after intravenous inoculation of CT26 and 3LL-D122 tumor cells. Spontaneous lung dissemination from 3LL-D122 and F3II breast tumor cells implanted in the footpad, or subcutaneously, was also reduced by immunization with CIGB-247. The vaccine elicited in both mouse strains antibodies specific for human and murine VEGF that effectively blocked the interaction of VEGF with VEGF receptor 2. Differing from other experimental reports that describe the use of VEGF for active tumor immunotherapy, CIGB-247 elicited a specific cellular response, measured both by a DTH increment and the induction of spleen cells cytotoxic to syngeneic tumor cells producing murine VEGF. In summary our results reinforce the potential of CIGB-247 vaccination to reduce both tumor growth and the number and size of tumor metastasis in lungs, the latter both after direct inoculations of cells in the blood stream, or as part of primary tumor progression in immunocompetent mice.
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Antigen dose escalation study of a VEGF-based therapeutic cancer vaccine in non human primates. Vaccine 2011; 30:368-77. [PMID: 22075086 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CIGB-247 is a cancer therapeutic, based on recombinant modified human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as antigen, in combination with the oil free adjuvant VSSP (very small sized proteoliposomes of Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane). Our previous experimental studies in mice with CIGB-247 have shown that the vaccine has both anti-tumoral and anti-metastatic activity, and produces both antibodies that block VEGF-VEGF receptor interaction, and a specific T-cell cytotoxic response against tumor cells. CIGB-247, with an antigen dose of 100 μg, has been characterized by an excellent safety profile in mice, rats, rabbits, and non human primates. In this article we extend the immunogenicity and safety studies of CIGB-247 in non human primates, scaling the antigen dose from 100 μg to 200 and 400 μg/vaccination. Our results indicate that such dose escalation did not affect animal behavior, clinical status, and blood parameters and biochemistry. Also, vaccination did not interfere with skin deep skin wound healing. Anti-VEGF IgG antibodies and specific T-cell mediated responses were documented at all three studied doses. Antigen dose apparently did not determine differences in maximum antibody titer during the 8 weekly immunization induction phase, or the subsequent increase in antibodies seen for monthly boosters delivered afterwards. Higher antigen doses had a positive influence in antibody titer maintenance, after cessation of immunizations. Boosters were important to achieve maximum antibody VEGF blocking activity, and specific T-cell responses in all individuals. Purified IgG from CIGB-247 immunized monkey sera was able to impair proliferation and formation of capillary-like structures in Matrigel, for HMEC cells in culture. Altogether, these results support the further clinical development of the CIGB-247 therapeutic cancer vaccine, and inform on the potential mechanisms involved in its effect.
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Palamà I, Di Maria F, Viola I, Fabiano E, Gigli G, Bettini C, Barbarella G. Live-Cell-Permeant Thiophene Fluorophores and Cell-Mediated Formation of Fluorescent Fibrils. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17777-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2065522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilenia Viola
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze − CNR, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, and c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Exercise and leukocyte interchange among central circulation, lung, spleen, and muscle. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:658-66. [PMID: 21238578 PMCID: PMC4666294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating leukocytes increase rapidly with exercise then quickly decrease when the exercise ends. We tested whether exercise acutely led to bidirectional interchange of leukocytes between the circulation and the lung, spleen, and active skeletal muscle. To accomplish this it was necessary to label a large number of immune cells (granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes) in a way that resulted in minimal perturbation of cell function. Rats were injected intravenously with a single bolus of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinamidyl ester (CFSE) dye which is rapidly and irreversibly taken up by circulating cells. The time course of the disappearance of labeled cells and their reappearance in the circulation following exercise was determined via flow cytometry. The majority of circulating leukocytes were labeled at 4h. post-injection and this proportion slowly declined out to 120 h. At both 24 and 120 h, running resulted in an increase in the proportion of labeled leukocytes in the circulation. Analysis of the skeletal muscle, spleen and lung indicated that labeled leukocytes had accumulated in those tissues and were mobilized to the circulation in response to exercise. This indicates that there is an ongoing exchange of leukocytes between the circulation and tissues and that exercise can stimulate their redistribution. Exchange was slower with muscle than with spleen and lung, but in all cases, influenced by exercise. Exercise bouts redistribute leukocytes between the circulation and the lung, spleen and muscle. The modulatory effects of exercise on the immune system may be regulated in part by the systemic redistribution of immune cells.
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Baumstummler A, Chollet R, Meder H, Rofel C, Venchiarutti A, Ribault S. Detection of microbial contaminants in mammalian cell cultures using a new fluorescence-based staining method. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 51:671-7. [PMID: 21039669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Microbial contamination of cell culture production processes is a current concern for biopharmaceutical industries. Traditional testing methods require several days to detect contamination and may advantageously be replaced by a rapid detection method. We developed a new method combining membrane filtration to microcolonies fluorescence staining method (MFSM) and compared it to epifluorescence microscopy. METHODS AND RESULTS Both methods were used to detect bacteria in CHO cells cultures. The epifluorescence microscopy showed to be limited by filterability, media interference and nonrobustness issues, whereas MFSM enabled consistent detection of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes after, respectively, 8, 9 and 48 h of incubation. Thanks to the nondestructive feature of the MFSM, stained membranes could be reincubated on culture media to yield visible colonies used for identification. CONCLUSIONS The new method described in this study showed its ability to detect microbial contaminants in cell culture samples with time-to-results from 2-5 times shorter than the traditional testing method. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The MFSM can be used as monitoring tool for cell cultures to significantly shorten detection times of microbial contamination, while preserving the ability to identify the contaminants and their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baumstummler
- MILLIPORE, Bioprocess Division, Process Monitoring Tools, Applied Biology R&D Department, Molsheim, France.
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