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Burdick RK, Villabona-Monsalve JP, Mashour GA, Goodson T. Modern Anesthetic Ethers Demonstrate Quantum Interactions with Entangled Photons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11351. [PMID: 31383882 PMCID: PMC6683176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the mechanism of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness remains incompletely understood, with some advocating for a quantum mechanical basis. Despite associations between general anesthesia and changes in physical properties such as electron spin, there has been no empirical demonstration that general anesthetics are capable of functional quantum interactions. In this work, we studied the linear and non-linear optical properties of the halogenated ethers sevoflurane (SEVO) and isoflurane (ISO), using UV-Vis spectroscopy, time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations, classical two-photon spectroscopy, and entangled two-photon spectroscopy. We show that both of these halogenated ethers interact with pairs of 800 nm entangled photons while neither interact with 800 nm classical photons. By contrast, nonhalogenated diethyl ether does not interact with entangled photons. This is the first experimental evidence that halogenated anesthetics can directly undergo quantum interaction mechanisms, offering a new approach to understanding their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Burdick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - George A Mashour
- Center for Consciousness Science, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5048, USA.
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Sheeba Sherlin Y, Vijayakumar T, Binoy J, Roy SDD, Jayakumar VS. Büchi's model based analysis of local anesthetic action in procaine hydrochloride: Vibrational spectroscopic approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 205:55-65. [PMID: 30007900 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The drug action of ester type local anesthetic (LA) procaine hydrochloride (PRC HCl) is activated by blocking Na+ ion flow when it binds to the ion channel in the ligand gated sodium ion channel protein. Büchi's model, explains binding action of ester type LA drug with receptor in terms of charge transfer, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions through lipophilic, ester and hydrophilic moieties. The present work investigates molecular structural and vibrational spectral features of para amino benzoate group, ester part and tertiary amino group respectively belonging to lipophilic, ester and hydrophilic moieties, accountable for the binding of drug to sodium channel. The electron transport mechanism through the ring responsible for structural deviation from benzenoid to quinonoid form and consequent dipolar nature of carbonyl group have been investigated, based on the analysis of XRD, DFT computed molecular structure, 8a ring mode and NBO charges. The characteristic UV absorption peaks and vibrational marker bands of LA drugs have been identified and the charge transfer interaction responsible for lipophilic binding has been investigated. The blocking of Na+ in the ion channel has been probed using attractive and repulsive energy profile. The molecular polarizability has been computed to substantiate the correlation between the structure activity relationship of LA drug molecule and molecular polarizability. The low toxicity of PRC HCl was evaluated using in vitro cytotoxicity study, confirming it as a potential short acting local anesthetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sheeba Sherlin
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli 627012, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Physics, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam 629165, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Vijayakumar
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram 603203, India
| | - J Binoy
- Department of Physics, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - S D D Roy
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli 627012, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Physics, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam 629165, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V S Jayakumar
- Mar Baselios Institute of Technology, Anchal 691306, Kerala, India.
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Golubović M, Lazarević M, Zlatanović D, Krtinić D, Stoičkov V, Mladenović B, Milić DJ, Sokolović D, Veselinović AM. The anesthetic action of some polyhalogenated ethers-Monte Carlo method based QSAR study. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 75:32-38. [PMID: 29734080 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Up to this date, there has been an ongoing debate about the mode of action of general anesthetics, which have postulated many biological sites as targets for their action. However, postoperative nausea and vomiting are common problems in which inhalational agents may have a role in their development. When a mode of action is unknown, QSAR modelling is essential in drug development. To investigate the aspects of their anesthetic, QSAR models based on the Monte Carlo method were developed for a set of polyhalogenated ethers. Until now, their anesthetic action has not been completely defined, although some hypotheses have been suggested. Therefore, a QSAR model should be developed on molecular fragments that contribute to anesthetic action. QSAR models were built on the basis of optimal molecular descriptors based on the SMILES notation and local graph invariants, whereas the Monte Carlo optimization method with three random splits into the training and test set was applied for model development. Different methods, including novel Index of ideality correlation, were applied for the determination of the robustness of the model and its predictive potential. The Monte Carlo optimization process was capable of being an efficient in silico tool for building up a robust model of good statistical quality. Molecular fragments which have both positive and negative influence on anesthetic action were determined. The presented study can be useful in the search for novel anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mlađan Golubović
- Center for Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Clinical Center Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Dragan Zlatanović
- Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Center Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dane Krtinić
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia
| | - Viktor Stoičkov
- Institute for Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niska Banja, Serbia
| | - Bojan Mladenović
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dragan J Milić
- Clinic for Cardiosurgery, Clinical Center Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dušan Sokolović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; 1117 Budapest Hungary
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Guimarães MC, Duarte MH, Silla JM, Freitas MP. Is conformation a fundamental descriptor in QSAR? A case for halogenated anesthetics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:760-8. [PMID: 27340468 PMCID: PMC4902069 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An intriguing question in 3D-QSAR lies on which conformation(s) to use when generating molecular descriptors (MD) for correlation with bioactivity values. This is not a simple task because the bioactive conformation in molecule data sets is usually unknown and, therefore, optimized structures in a receptor-free environment are often used to generate the MD´s. In this case, a wrong conformational choice can cause misinterpretation of the QSAR model. The present computational work reports the conformational analysis of the volatile anesthetic isoflurane (2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) in the gas phase and also in polar and nonpolar implicit and explicit solvents to show that stable minima (ruled by intramolecular interactions) do not necessarily coincide with the bioconformation (ruled by enzyme induced fit). Consequently, a QSAR model based on two-dimensional chemical structures was built and exhibited satisfactory modeling/prediction capability and interpretability, then suggesting that these 2D MD´s can be advantageous over some three-dimensional descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Guimarães
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, P. O. Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariene H Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, P. O. Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Josué M Silla
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, P. O. Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus P Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, P. O. Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Novel amino acids indices based on quantum topological molecular similarity and their application to QSAR study of peptides. Amino Acids 2010; 40:1169-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Manallack D, Burden F, Winkler D. Modelling Inhalational Anaesthetics Using Bayesian Feature Selection and QSAR Modelling Methods. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1318-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hemmateenejad B, Mehdipour AR, Miri R, Shamsipur M. Comparative QSAR Studies on Toxicity of Phenol Derivatives Using Quantum Topological Molecular Similarity Indices. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 75:521-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Azizi K, Safarpour MA, Keykhaee M, Mehdipour AR. DFT-based QSAR study of alkanols and alkanthiols using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM). J Mol Model 2009; 15:1509-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-009-0512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sear JW. What makes a molecule an anaesthetic? Studies on the mechanisms of anaesthesia using a physicochemical approach. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:50-60. [PMID: 19435782 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of mechanisms of anaesthesia have been mainly 'target orientated', investigating the activity of both volatile and i.v. agents at putative sites of action. An alternative approach is one that is 'ligand orientated', focusing on the properties of molecules that define their immobilizing ability and secondly define their potency. The use of conventional descriptors (such as non-polar solubility or the octanol-water partition coefficient [Log P]) are limited in their utility as predictors of potency as they represent three-dimensional molecular properties as a one-dimensional parameter. Using different computer-based molecular modelling methods (molecular similarity studies and comparative molecular field analysis [CoMFA]), we have identified the molecular bases of the activity of structurally diverse anaesthetics, such that they can be described as a single model based on the spatial distribution of molecular bulk and electrostatic potential. The same approach can also be used to model other properties of anaesthetic agents, such as cardiovascular depression. The present data suggest that, for the i.v. agents, it may be difficult to separate immobilizing (anaesthetic) activity and cardiovascular depression within a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Sear
- Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Mehdipour A, Safarpour M, Taghavi F, Jamali M. Density Functional Theory-based Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) Study of Alkanol and Alkanthiol Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200860124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hemmateenejad B, Mehdipour AR, Popelier PLA. Quantum Topological QSAR Models based on the MOLMAP Approach. Chem Biol Drug Des 2008; 72:551-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hemmateenejad B, Miri R, Niroomand U, Foroumadi A, Shafiee A. A Mechanistic QSAR Study on the Leishmanicidal Activity of Some 5-Substituted-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2007.00523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hemmateenejad B, Miri R, Niroomand U, Foroumadi A, Shafiee A. A Mechanistic QSAR Study on the Leishmanicidal Activity of Some 5-Substituted-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 69:435-43. [PMID: 17581238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies help chemist to find chemical facts about the mechanism of action and/or behavior of the system under study. In this study, quantitative structure-activity relationship was employed as a promising tool to investigate some chemical, electronic, and structural features affecting on the antileishmanial activity of 5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. A data set, consisting of 21 thiadiazole derivatives with known in vitro leishmanicidal activity, was taken and semi-empirical AM1 quantum chemical calculation was employed to find the optimum three-dimensional geometry of the molecules. Multiple linear regression-based quantitative structure-activity relationship models were obtained between the antileishmanial activity and electronic, chemical, and topological descriptors of the molecules. Model performances and predictivity were evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation method. The resulted models had good prediction ability (0.83 > q(2) > 0.71) and thus they described the structure-activity relationships in a useful manner. It was obtained that LUMO molecular orbital energy represents significant impact on the leishmanicidal activity. This means that the molecules may act on the leishmania parasites through an electron transfer reaction. Further theoretical investigations suggested that one probable mechanism for the activity of the thiadiazole derivatives may be due to the reduction of -NO(2) substituents of the molecules to -NO.
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