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Xi M, Zhu J, Zhang F, Shen H, Chen J, Xiao Z, Huangfu Y, Wu C, Sun H, Xia G. Antibody-drug conjugates for targeted cancer therapy: Recent advances in potential payloads. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116709. [PMID: 39068862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising cancer therapy modality which specifically delivers highly toxic payloads to cancer cells through antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To date, 15 ADCs have been approved and more than 100 ADC candidates have advanced to clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Among these ADCs, microtubule-targeting and DNA-damaging agents are at the forefront of payload development. However, several challenges including toxicity and drug resistance limit the potential of this modality. To tackle these issues, multiple innovative payloads such as immunomodulators and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are incorporated into ADCs to enable multimodal cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the mechanism of ADCs, highlight the importance of ADC payloads and summarize recent progresses of conventional and unconventional ADC payloads, trying to provide an insight into payload diversification as a key step in future ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Xi
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
| | - Hualiang Shen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Ziyan Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Yanping Huangfu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Gang Xia
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
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2
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Li C, Shi K, Zhao S, Liu J, Zhai Q, Hou X, Xu J, Wang X, Liu J, Wu X, Fan W. Natural-source payloads used in the conjugated drugs architecture for cancer therapy: Recent advances and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107341. [PMID: 39134188 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Drug conjugates are obtained from tumor-located vectors connected to cytotoxic agents via linkers, which are designed to deliver hyper-toxic payloads directly to targeted cancer cells. These drug conjugates include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), nucleic acid aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs), and virus-like drug conjugate (VDCs), which show great therapeutic value in the clinic. Drug conjugates consist of a targeting carrier, a linker, and a payload. Payloads are key therapy components. Cytotoxic molecules and their derivatives derived from natural products are commonly used in the payload portion of conjugates. The ideal payload should have sufficient toxicity, stability, coupling sites, and the ability to be released under specific conditions to kill tumor cells. Microtubule protein inhibitors, DNA damage agents, and RNA inhibitors are common cytotoxic molecules. Among these conjugates, cytotoxic molecules of natural origin are summarized based on their mechanism of action, conformational relationships, and the discovery of new derivatives. This paper also mentions some cytotoxic molecules that have the potential to be payloads. It also summarizes the latest technologies and novel conjugates developed in recent years to overcome the shortcomings of ADCs, PDCs, SMDCs, ApDCs, and VDCs. In addition, this paper summarizes the clinical trials conducted on conjugates of these cytotoxic molecules over the last five years. It provides a reference for designing and developing safer and more efficient conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Kourong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Qiaoli Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201707, China.
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China; Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201707, China.
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
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3
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Zheng B, Ortiz A, Guerrero CA, Luzung MR, Zhu J, Schmidt MA, Eastgate MD. Stereoselective Synthesis of a Tubulysin Core for Antibody–Drug Conjugate Studies. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Adrian Ortiz
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Carlos A. Guerrero
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael R. Luzung
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jason Zhu
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael A. Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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4
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Iqbal N, Zahoor AF, Rasool N, Khan SG, Akhtar R, Ahmad R. Synthetic Approaches Towards the Total synthesis of tubulysin and its fragments: A review. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:COS-EPUB-119628. [PMID: 34951368 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666211222163417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulysins, linear tetrapeptides show extraordinary cytotoxicity against various cancer cells, with IC50 values in nano or picomolar range. Due to their extremely vigorous anti-proliferative and antiangiogenic characteristics, tubulysins exhibit captivating prospects in the development of anticancer drugs. This review focuses on diverse routes for the total synthesis of natural and synthetic tubulysins as well as their fragments. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to present the synthetic strategies for the development of antitumor agents, tubulysins. CONCLUSION A range of synthetic pathways adopted for the total synthesis of tubulysins and their fragments have been described in this review. Synthesis of fragments, Tuv, Tup, and Tut can be accomplished by adopting appropriate strategies such as Manganese-mediated synthesis, Ireland-Claisen rearrangement, Mukaiyama aldol reaction, and Mannich process etc. Tubulysin B, D, U, V, and N14-desacetoxytubulysin H have been prepared through Mitsunobu reaction, tert-butanesulfinamide method, Tandem reaction, aza-Barbier reaction, Evans aldol reaction, and C-H activation strategies etc. The remarkable anticancer potential of tubulysins toward a substantiate target make them prominent leads for developing novel drugs against multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Raheel Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad. Pakistan
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5
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Tran AT, Tran CV, Le HV, Tran LV, Tran TTP, Tran SV. Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activity of New Tubulysin Analogues. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1737139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSynthesis of tubulysin analogues, containing an N-methyl substituent on tubuvaline-amide together with the replacement of either the hydrophobic N-terminal N-methyl pipecolic acid (Mep) or at both N- and C- terminal peptides with available heteroaromatic acids and an unsaturated tubuphenylalanine moiety, respectively, were described. The in vitro cytotoxic activity by SRB assay on five cancer cell lines for sixteen tubulysins was evaluated. Among them, five analogues exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines, including human breast carcinoma (MCF7), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), HL-60, SW-480, human lung adenocarcinoma (A459). Interestingly, one analogue showed the strongest cytotoxicity on all five tested cell lines even much higher toxicity than the reference compound ellipticine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Tran
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Chien Van Tran
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Hai Van Le
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Loc Van Tran
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Thao Thi Phuong Tran
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Sung Van Tran
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
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6
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Nicolaou KC, Pan S, Pulukuri KK, Ye Q, Rigol S, Erande RD, Vourloumis D, Nocek BP, Munneke S, Lyssikatos J, Valdiosera A, Gu C, Lin B, Sarvaiaya H, Trinidad J, Sandoval J, Lee C, Hammond M, Aujay M, Taylor N, Pysz M, Purcell JW, Gavrilyuk J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Tubulysin Analogues, Linker-Drugs, and Antibody-Drug Conjugates, Insights into Structure-Activity Relationships, and Tubulysin-Tubulin Binding Derived from X-ray Crystallographic Analysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3377-3421. [PMID: 33544599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tubulysin analogues, linker-drugs, and antibody-drug conjugates are described. Among the new discoveries reported is the identification of new potent analogues within the tubulysin family that carry a C11 alkyl ether substituent, rather than the usual ester structural motif at that position, a fact that endows the former with higher plasma stability than that of the latter. Also described herein are X-ray crystallographic analysis studies of two tubulin-tubulysin complexes formed within the α/β interface between two tubulin heterodimers and two highly potent tubulysin analogues, one of which exhibited a different binding mode to the one previously reported for tubulysin M. The X-ray crystallographic analysis-derived new insights into the binding modes of these tubulysin analogues explain their potencies and provide inspiration for further design, synthesis, and biological investigations within this class of antitumor agents. A number of these analogues were conjugated as payloads with appropriate linkers at different sites allowing their attachment onto targeting antibodies for cancer therapies. A number of such antibody-drug conjugates were constructed and tested, both in vivo and in vitro, leading to the identification of at least one promising ADC (Herceptin-LD3), warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Saiyong Pan
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kiran K Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Dionisios Vourloumis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products & Designed Molecules, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi 153 10, Greece
| | - Bogusław P Nocek
- AbbVie Inc., Research & Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stefan Munneke
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Lyssikatos
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amanda Valdiosera
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine Gu
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Baiwei Lin
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hetal Sarvaiaya
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jose Trinidad
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christina Lee
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mikhail Hammond
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicole Taylor
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marybeth Pysz
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James W Purcell
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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7
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Structure activity relationships (SAR) study to design and synthesize new tubulin inhibitors with enhanced anti-tubulin activity: In silico and in vitro analysis. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Reddy RB, M V, Krishnan MA, Chelvam V. Synthesis of tubuvaline (Tuv) fragment of tubulysin via diastereoselective dihydroxylation of homoallylamine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1855355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B. Reddy
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Vijay M
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Mena Asha Krishnan
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Venkatesh Chelvam
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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9
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Cheng H, Cong Q, Dervin D, Stevens A, Vemuri K, Huber M, Juliano J, Cuison S, Sung J, Passmore D, Chong C, Greenbaum M, Kwok E, Jiang J, Pan C, Rao-Naik C, Rangan V, Kempe T, Tatum A, Deshpande S, Cardarelli P, Vite G, Gangwar S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Carbamate-Containing Tubulysin Antibody-Drug Conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2350-2361. [PMID: 32881482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) use antibodies to deliver cytotoxic payloads directly into tumor cells via specifically binding to the target cell surface antigens. ADCs can enhance the anti-tumor effects of antibodies, and increase the delivery of cytotoxic payloads to cancer cells with a better therapeutic index. An ADC was prepared with a potent carbamate-containing tubulysin analogue attached to an anti-mesothelin antibody via a Cit-Val dipeptide linker. An aniline functionality in the tubulysin analogue was created to provide a site of linker attachment via an amide bond that would be stable in systemic circulation. Upon ADC internalization into antigen-positive cancer cells, the Cit-Val dipeptide linker was cleaved by lysosomal proteases, and the drug was released inside the tumor cells. The naturally occurring acetate of tubulysin was modified to a carbamate to reduce acetate hydrolysis of the ADC in circulation and to increase the hydrophilicity of the drug. The ADC bearing the monoclonal anti-mesothelin antibody and the carbamate-containing tubulysin was highly potent and immunologically specific to H226 human lung carcinoma cells in vitro, and efficacious at well-tolerated doses in a mesothelin-positive OVCAR3 ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Cheng
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Qiang Cong
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Dan Dervin
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Alice Stevens
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Kavitha Vemuri
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Mary Huber
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Jennifer Juliano
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Severino Cuison
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Janette Sung
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - David Passmore
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Colin Chong
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Meghan Greenbaum
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Eilene Kwok
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Jerry Jiang
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chin Pan
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chetana Rao-Naik
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Vangipuram Rangan
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Tom Kempe
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Andrea Tatum
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Shrikant Deshpande
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Pina Cardarelli
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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10
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Long B, Tao C, Li Y, Zeng X, Cao M, Wu Z. Total synthesis of tubulysin U and N 14-desacetoxytubulysin H. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5349-5353. [PMID: 32643750 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01109f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A concise and efficient procedure for the total synthesis of tubulysin U and N14-desacetoxytubulysin H has been developed with high stereoselectivity on a gram scale. This synthesis features an elegant cascade one-pot process to install the challenging thiazole moiety and the employment of stereoselective reductions and a series of high-yield mild reactions to ensure the requisite stereochemistry, reaction scale, and yield and to avoid the vexing epimerization occurring during peptide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China. and Shenzhen Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Cheng Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China. and Shenzhen Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen, 518035, China and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Central Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Meiqun Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China. and Shenzhen Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China. and Shenzhen Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen, 518035, China and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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11
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Vishwanatha TM, Giepmans B, Goda SK, Dömling A. Tubulysin Synthesis Featuring Stereoselective Catalysis and Highly Convergent Multicomponent Assembly. Org Lett 2020; 22:5396-5400. [PMID: 32584589 PMCID: PMC7372561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A concise and modular total synthesis of the highly potent N14-desacetoxytubulysin H (1) has been accomplished in 18 steps in an overall yield of up to 30%. Our work highlights the complexity-augmenting and route-shortening power of diastereoselective multicomponent reaction (MCR) as well as the role of bulky ligands to perfectly control both the regioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of tubuphenylalanine in just two steps. The total synthesis not only provides an operationally simple and step economy but will also stimulate major advances in the development of new tubulysin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Giepmans
- University Medical College Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sayed K. Goda
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug
Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Courter JR, Hamilton JZ, Hendrick NR, Zaval M, Waight AB, Lyon RP, Senter PD, Jeffrey SC, Burke PJ. Structure-activity relationships of tubulysin analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127241. [PMID: 32527543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The tubulysins are an emerging antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) payload that maintain potent anti-proliferative activity against cells that exhibit the multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype. These drugs possess a C-11 acetate known to be hydrolytically unstable in plasma, and loss of the acetate significantly attenuates cytotoxicity. Structure-activity relationship studies were undertaken to identify stable C-11 tubulysin analogues that maintain affinity for tubulin and potent cytotoxicity. After identifying several C-11 alkoxy analogues that possess comparable biological activity to tubulysin M with significantly improved plasma stability, additional analogues of both the Ile residue and N-terminal position were synthesized. These studies revealed that minor changes within the tubulin binding site of tubulysin can profoundly alter the activity of this chemotype, particularly against MDR-positive cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel R Courter
- Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30(th) Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA.
| | - Joseph Z Hamilton
- Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30(th) Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | | | - Margo Zaval
- Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30(th) Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Andrew B Waight
- Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30(th) Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Robert P Lyon
- Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30(th) Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Peter D Senter
- Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30(th) Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Scott C Jeffrey
- Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30(th) Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Patrick J Burke
- Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30(th) Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA.
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13
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Wang XM, Liu YW, Wang QE, Zhou Z, Si CM, Wei BG. A divergent method to key unit of tubulysin V through one-pot diastereoselective Mannich process of N,O-acetal with ketone. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Reddy RB, Dudhe P, Chauhan P, Sengupta S, Chelvam V. Synthesis of tubuphenylalanine and epi-tubuphenylalanine via regioselective aziridine ring opening with carbon nucleophiles followed by hydroboration-oxidation of 1,1-substituted amino alkenes. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Glucuronide-Linked Antibody–Tubulysin Conjugates Display Activity in MDR+ and Heterogeneous Tumor Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1752-1760. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Stark M, Assaraf YG. Structural recognition of tubulysin B derivatives by multidrug resistance efflux transporters in human cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 28637003 PMCID: PMC5564821 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hindrance to curative chemotherapy of various human malignancies. Hence, novel chemotherapeutics must be evaluated for their recognition by MDR efflux transporters. Herein we explored the cytotoxic activity of synthetic tubulysin B (Tub-B, EC1009) derivatives (Tub-B-hydrazide/EC0347 and Tub-B bis-ether/EC1820), and their recognition by the MDR efflux transporters P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Originally isolated from Myxobacteria, tubulysins exhibited potent cytotoxic activity via microtubule depolymerization, and evaded recognition by these MDR efflux pumps. We show that subtle modifications in the natural Tub-B structure enhance its cytotoxicity and drug efflux efficiency. Whereas increasing the lipophilicity of Tub-B drugs enhanced their diffusion into the cell and consequently decreased the IC50 values (≥ 0.27 nM), increasing drug polarity enhanced their recognition by P-gp (>200-fold resistance in P-gp-overexpressing cells). Furthermore, restricting drug exposure time to the clinically relevant 4 h pulse, markedly enhanced efflux by P-gp, resulting in a 1000-fold increased resistance, which was further enhanced upon increased P-gp levels (i.e. an additional 3-fold increase in P-gp levels resulted in >6,000-fold resistance). The unique ability of EC1009 to evade recognition by MDR efflux pumps warrants drug development of tubulysin B derivatives as potent antitumor agents which overcome MDR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stark
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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17
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Nicolaou KC, Erande RD, Yin J, Vourloumis D, Aujay M, Sandoval J, Munneke S, Gavrilyuk J. Improved Total Synthesis of Tubulysins and Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Tubulysins with Highly Potent Cytotoxicities against Cancer Cells as Potential Payloads for Antibody-Drug Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3690-3711. [PMID: 29381062 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Improved, streamlined total syntheses of natural tubulysins such as V (Tb45) and U (Tb46) and pretubulysin D (PTb-D43), and their application to the synthesis of designed tubulysin analogues (Tb44, PTb-D42, PTb-D47-PTb-D49, and Tb50-Tb120), are described. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the synthesized compounds against certain cancer cell lines revealed a number of novel analogues with exceptional potencies [e.g., Tb111: IC50 = 40 pM against MES SA (uterine sarcoma) cell line; IC50 = 6 pM against HEK 293T (human embryonic kidney cancer) cell line; and IC50 = 1.54 nM against MES SA DX (MES SA with marked multidrug resistance) cell line]. These studies led to a set of valuable structure-activity relationships that provide guidance to further molecular design, synthesis, and biological evaluation studies. The extremely potent cytotoxic compounds discovered in these investigations are highly desirable as potential payloads for antibody-drug conjugates and other drug delivery systems for personalized targeted cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Dionisios Vourloumis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products & Designed Molecules , N.C.S.R "Demokritos" , 153 10 Agia Paraskevi , Athens , Greece
| | - Monette Aujay
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Stefan Munneke
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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18
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Staben LR, Yu SF, Chen J, Yan G, Xu Z, Del Rosario G, Lau JT, Liu L, Guo J, Zheng B, dela Cruz-Chuh J, Lee BC, Ohri R, Cai W, Zhou H, Kozak KR, Xu K, Lewis Phillips GD, Lu J, Wai J, Polson AG, Pillow TH. Stabilizing a Tubulysin Antibody-Drug Conjugate To Enable Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Tumors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1037-1041. [PMID: 29057047 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tubulysins are promising anticancer cytotoxic agents due to the clinical validation of their mechanism of action (microtubule inhibition) and their particular activity against multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Yet their high potency and subsequent systemic toxicity make them prime candidates for targeted therapy, particularly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Here we report a strategy to prepare stable and bioreversible conjugates of tubulysins to antibodies without loss of activity. A peptide trigger along with a quaternary ammonium salt linker connection to the tertiary amine of tubulysin provided ADCs that were potent in vitro. However, we observed metabolism of a critical acetate ester of the drug in vivo, resulting in diminished conjugate activity. We were able to circumvent this metabolic liability with the judicious choice of a propyl ether replacement. This modified tubulysin ADC was stable and effective against multidrug-resistant lymphoma cell lines and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna R. Staben
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Wuxi Apptec
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Gang Yan
- Wuxi Apptec
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Zijin Xu
- Wuxi Apptec
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Geoffrey Del Rosario
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Lau
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jun Guo
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bing Zheng
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Byoung-Chul Lee
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wenwen Cai
- Wuxi Biologics
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhou
- Wuxi Biologics
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Jiawei Lu
- Wuxi Biologics
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec
, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Andrew G. Polson
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Genentech, Inc.
, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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19
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Parker JS, McCormick M, Anderson DW, Maltman BA, Gingipalli L, Toader D. The Development and Scale-Up of an Antibody Drug Conjugate Tubulysin Payload. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. Parker
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Silk Road
Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Marc McCormick
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Silk Road
Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - David W. Anderson
- Almac Sciences, 5 The Fleming
Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Milton Bridge, Midlothian, EH26 0BE, U.K
| | - Beatrice A. Maltman
- Almac Sciences, 5 The Fleming
Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Milton Bridge, Midlothian, EH26 0BE, U.K
| | - Lakshmaiah Gingipalli
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Dorin Toader
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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20
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Sani M, Lazzari P, Folini M, Spiga M, Zuco V, De Cesare M, Manca I, Dall'Angelo S, Frigerio M, Usai I, Testa A, Zaffaroni N, Zanda M. Synthesis and Superpotent Anticancer Activity of Tubulysins Carrying Non-hydrolysable N-Substituents on Tubuvaline. Chemistry 2017; 23:5842-5850. [PMID: 28300330 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic tubulysins 24 a-m, containing non-hydrolysable N-substituents on tubuvaline (Tuv), were obtained in high purity and good overall yields using a multistep synthesis. A key step was the formation of differently N-substituted Ile-Tuv fragments 10 by using an aza-Michael reaction of azido-Ile derivatives 8 with the α,β-unsaturated oxo-thiazole 5. A structure-activity relationship study using a panel of human tumour cell lines showed strong anti-proliferative activity for all compounds 24 a-m, with IC50 values in the sub-nanomolar range, which were distinctly lower than those of tubulysin A, vinorelbine and paclitaxel. Furthermore, 24 a-m were able to overcome cross-resistance to paclitaxel and vinorelbine in two tumour cell lines with acquired resistance to doxorubicin. Compounds 24 e and 24 g were selected as leads to evaluate their mechanism of action. In vitro assays showed that both 24 e and 24 g interfere with tubulin polymerization in a vinca alkaloid-like manner and prevent paclitaxel-induced assembly of tubulin polymers. Both compounds exerted antimitotic activity and induced apoptosis in cancer cells at very low concentrations. Compound 24 e also exhibited potent antitumor activity at well tolerated doses on in vivo models of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, such as MESOII peritoneal mesothelioma xenografts, the growth of which was not significantly affected by vinorelbine. These results indicate that synthetic tubulysins 24 could be used as standalone chemotherapeutic agents in difficult-to-treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sani
- KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Località Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula (CA, Italy.,C.N.R., Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzari
- KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Località Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula (CA, Italy
| | - Marco Folini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Farmacologia Molecolare, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Marco Spiga
- KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Località Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula (CA, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuco
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Farmacologia Molecolare, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Michelandrea De Cesare
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Farmacologia Molecolare, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Ilaria Manca
- C.N.R. Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale, UOS di Cagliari, Edificio 5, Località Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula (CA), Italy
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Massimo Frigerio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano (MI, Italy
| | - Igor Usai
- KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Località Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula (CA, Italy
| | - Andrea Testa
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Farmacologia Molecolare, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.,C.N.R., Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano (MI), Italy
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21
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Toader D, Wang F, Gingipalli L, Vasbinder M, Roth M, Mao S, Block M, Harper J, Thota S, Su M, Ma J, Bedian V, Kamal A. Structure-Cytotoxicity Relationships of Analogues of N 14-Desacetoxytubulysin H. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10781-10787. [PMID: 27809515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report structure-cytotoxicity relationships for analogues of N14-desacetoxytubulyisn H 1. A novel synthetic approach toward 1 enabled the discovery of compounds with a range of activity. Calculated basicity of the N-terminus of tubulysins was shown to be a good predictor of cytotoxicity. The impact of structural modifications at the C-terminus of 1 upon cytotoxicity is also described. These findings will facilitate the development of new tubulysin analogues for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Toader
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States.,Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC , 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Fengjiang Wang
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lakshmaiah Gingipalli
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Melissa Vasbinder
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Mark Roth
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Shenlan Mao
- Oncology Research, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Michael Block
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jay Harper
- Oncology Research, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Sambaiah Thota
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Mei Su
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jianquo Ma
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Vahe Bedian
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Adeela Kamal
- Oncology Research, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
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22
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Leverett CA, Sukuru SCK, Vetelino BC, Musto S, Parris K, Pandit J, Loganzo F, Varghese AH, Bai G, Liu B, Liu D, Hudson S, Doppalapudi VR, Stock J, O’Donnell CJ, Subramanyam C. Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel Tubulysin Analogues as ADC Payloads. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:999-1004. [PMID: 27882198 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tubulysin class of natural products has attracted much attention from the medicinal chemistry community due to its potent cytotoxicity against a wide range of human cancer cell lines, including significant activity in multidrug-resistant carcinoma models. As a result of their potency, the tubulysins have become an important tool for use in targeted therapy, being widely pursued as payloads in the development of novel small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). A structure-based and parallel medicinal chemistry approach was applied to the synthesis of novel tubulysin analogues. These efforts led to the discovery of a number of novel and potent cytotoxic tubulysin analogues, providing a framework for our simultaneous report, which highlights the discovery of tubulysin-based ADCs, including use of site-specific conjugation to address in vivo stability of the C-11 acetate functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A. Leverett
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sai Chetan K. Sukuru
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Beth C. Vetelino
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sylvia Musto
- Oncology R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Kevin Parris
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Frank Loganzo
- Oncology R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Alison H. Varghese
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Guoyun Bai
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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23
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Tao W, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Si CM, Sun X, Wei BG. An enantioselective total synthesis of tubulysin V. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Colombo R, Wang Z, Han J, Balachandran R, Daghestani HN, Camarco DP, Vogt A, Day BW, Mendel D, Wipf P. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tubulysin Analogues. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10302-10320. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Colombo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Lilly Research
Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Junyan Han
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Mendel
- Lilly Research
Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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25
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Nicolaou KC, Yin J, Mandal D, Erande RD, Klahn P, Jin M, Aujay M, Sandoval J, Gavrilyuk J, Vourloumis D. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Natural and Designed Tubulysins. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1698-708. [PMID: 26829208 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A streamlined total synthesis of N(14)-desacetoxytubulysin H (Tb1) based on a C-H activation strategy and a short total synthesis of pretubulysin D (PTb-D43) are described. Applications of the developed synthetic strategies and technologies to the synthesis of a series of tubulysin analogues (Tb2-Tb41 and PTb-D42) are also reported. Biological evaluation of the synthesized compounds against an array of cancer cells revealed a number of novel analogues (e.g., Tb14), some with exceptional potencies against certain cell lines [e.g., Tb32 with IC50 = 12 pM against MES SA (uterine sarcoma) cell line and 2 pM against HEK 293T (human embryonic kidney) cell line], and a set of valuable structure-activity relationships. The highly potent cytotoxic compounds discovered in this study are highly desirable as payloads for antibody-drug conjugates and other drug delivery systems for personalized targeted cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Debashis Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Michael Jin
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- Stemcentrx Inc. , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- Stemcentrx Inc. , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- Stemcentrx Inc. , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dionisios Vourloumis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products & Designed Molecules, National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Agia Paraskevi-Athens GR-15310, Greece
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26
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Park Y, Sim M, Chang TS, Ryu JS. A concise synthesis of tubuphenylalanine and epi-tubuphenylalanine via a diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction of silyl ketene acetal. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:913-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A concise auxiliary-free synthetic route towards tBu-tubuphenylalanine (tBu-Tup) and tBu-epi-tubuphenylalanine (tBu-epi-Tup) has been developed via a diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction of silyl ketene acetal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Park
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Sim
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Ryu
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
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27
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Synthesis of stereochemically diverse cyclic analogs of tubulysins. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6827-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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N-(1'-naphthyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide as microtubule destabilizer: Synthesis, cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell migration and in vivo activity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:504-18. [PMID: 25951294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin-interacting agents, like vinca alkaloid and taxanes, play a fundamental role in cancer chemotherapy, making cellular microtubules (MT), one of the few validated anticancer targets. Cancer resistance to classical MT inhibitors has motivated the development of novel molecules with increased efficacy and lower toxicity. Aiming at designing structurally-simple inhibitors of MT assembly, we synthesized a series of thirty-one 3,4,5-trimethoxy-hydrazones and twenty-five derivatives or analogs. Docking simulations suggested that a representative N-acylhydrazone could adopt an appropriate stereochemistry inside the colchicine-binding domain of tubulin. Several of these compounds showed anti-leukemia effects in the nanomolar concentration range. Interference with MT polymerization was validated by the compounds' ability to inhibit MT assembly at the biochemical and cellular level. Selective toxicity investigations done with the most potent compound, a 3,4,5-trimethoxy-hydrazone with a 1-naphthyl group, showed remarkably selective toxicity against leukemia cells in comparison with stimulated normal lymphocytes, and no acute toxicity in vivo. Finally, this molecule was as active as vincristine in a murine model of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia at a weekly dose of 1 mg/kg.
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29
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Murray BC, Peterson MT, Fecik RA. Chemistry and biology of tubulysins: antimitotic tetrapeptides with activity against drug resistant cancers. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:654-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00036f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since their first report in 2000, tubulysins have sparked great interest for development as anti-cancer agents due to their exceptionally potent anticancer activity.
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30
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Shankar PS, Bigotti S, Lazzari P, Manca I, Spiga M, Sani M, Zanda M. Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of diastereoisomers and N-terminal analogues of tubulysin-U. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Cytotoxic 3,4,5-trimethoxychalcones as mitotic arresters and cell migration inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:501-10. [PMID: 23524161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on classical colchicine site ligands and a computational model of the colchicine binding site on beta tubulin, two classes of chalcone derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of tubulin assembly and toxicity in human cancer cell lines. Docking studies suggested that the chalcone scaffold could fit the colchicine site on tubulin in an orientation similar to that of the natural product. In particular, a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring adjacent to the carbonyl group appeared to benefit the ligand-tubulin interaction, occupying the same subcavity as the corresponding moiety in colchicine. Consistent with modeling predictions, several 3,4,5-trimethoxychalcones showed improved cytotoxicity to murine acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells compared with a previously described parent compound, and inhibited tubulin assembly in vitro as potently as colchicine. The most potent chalcones inhibited the growth of human leukemia cell lines at nanomolar concentrations, caused microtubule destabilization and mitotic arrest in human cervical cancer cells, and inhibited human breast cancer cell migration in scratch wound and Boyden chamber assays.
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32
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Gallium(III) complexes with 2-acetylpyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones: antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects and investigation on the interactions with tubulin. Biometals 2013; 26:151-65. [PMID: 23344786 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Complexes [Ga(2Ac4pFPh)(2)]NO(3) (1), [Ga(2Ac4pClPh)(2)]NO(3) (2), [Ga(2Ac4pIPh)(2)]NO(3) (3), [Ga(2Ac4pNO(2)Ph)(2)]NO(3)·3H(2)O (4) and [Ga(2Ac4pT)(2)]NO(3) (5) were obtained with 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-fluorophenyl-(H2Ac4pFPh), 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-chlorophenyl-(H2Ac4pClPh), 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-iodophenyl-(H2Ac4pIPh), 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-nitrophenyl-(H2Ac4pNO(2)Ph) and 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-tolyl-(H2Ac4pT) thiosemicarbazone. 1-5 presented antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Coordination to gallium(III) proved to be an effective strategy for activity improvement against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The complexes were highly cytotoxic against malignant glioblastoma and breast cancer cells at nanomolar concentrations. The compounds induced morphological changes characteristic of apoptotic death in tumor cells and showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. 2 partially inhibited tubulin assembly at high concentrations and induced cellular microtubule disorganization, but this does not appear to be the main mechanism of cytotoxic activity.
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33
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Shankar SP, Jagodzinska M, Malpezzi L, Lazzari P, Manca I, Greig IR, Sani M, Zanda M. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of novel tubulysin U analogues – effect on cytotoxicity of structural variations in the tubuvaline fragment. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2273-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Becker D, Kazmaier U. Synthesis of Tubuphenylalanines via Ireland–Claisen Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2012; 78:59-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301693d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Becker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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35
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N4-Phenyl-substituted 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones: Cytotoxicity against human tumor cells, structure–activity relationship studies and investigation on the mechanism of action. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3396-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Herrmann J, Elnakady YA, Wiedmann RM, Ullrich A, Rohde M, Kazmaier U, Vollmar AM, Müller R. Pretubulysin: from hypothetical biosynthetic intermediate to potential lead in tumor therapy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37416. [PMID: 22616003 PMCID: PMC3355125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretubulysin is a natural product that is found in strains of myxobacteria in only minute amounts. It represents the first enzyme-free intermediate in the biosynthesis of tubulysins and undergoes post-assembly acylation and oxidation reactions. Pretubulysin inhibits the growth of cultured mammalian cells, as do tubulysins, which are already in advanced preclinical development as anticancer and antiangiogenic agents. The mechanism of action of this highly potent compound class involves the depolymerization of microtubules, thereby inducing mitotic arrest. Supply issues with naturally occurring derivatives can now be circumvented by the total synthesis of pretubulysin, which, in contrast to tubulysin, is synthetically accessible in gram-scale quantities. We show that the simplified precursor is nearly equally potent to the parent compound. Pretubulysin induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell migration and tubulin assembly in vitro. Consequently, pretubulysin appears to be an ideal candidate for future development in preclinical trials and is a very promising early lead structure in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yasser A. Elnakady
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Romina M. Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Ullrich
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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37
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Burkhart JL, Kazmaier U. A straightforward click-approach towards pretubulysin-analogues. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20191g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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38
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Acid mediated formation of an N-acyliminium ion from tubulysins: A new methodology for the synthesis of natural tubulysins and their analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6778-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Abstract
The total synthesis of a bis-cyclopropane analog of the antimitotic natural product (-)-disorazole C(1) was accomplished in 23 steps and 1.1% overall yield. A vinyl cyclopropane cross-metathesis reaction generated a key (E)-alkene segment of the target molecule. IC(50) determinations of (-)-CP(2)-disorazole C(1) in human colon cancer cell lines indicated low nanomolar cytotoxic properties. Accordingly, this synthetic bioisostere represents the first biologically active disorazole analog not containing a conjugated diene or polyene substructure element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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40
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Floyd WC, Datta GK, Imamura S, Kieler-Ferguson HM, Jerger K, Patterson AW, Fox ME, Szoka FC, Fréchet JMJ, Ellman JA. Chemotherapeutic evaluation of a synthetic tubulysin analogue-dendrimer conjugate in c26 tumor bearing mice. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:49-53. [PMID: 20973119 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Pando O, Stark S, Denkert A, Porzel A, Preusentanz R, Wessjohann LA. The multiple multicomponent approach to natural product mimics: tubugis, N-substituted anticancer peptides with picomolar activity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7692-5. [PMID: 21528905 DOI: 10.1021/ja2022027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new generation of highly cytotoxic tubulysin analogues (i.e., tubugis) is described. In the key step, the rare, unstable, and synthetically difficult to introduce tertiary amide-N,O-acetal moiety required for high potency in natural tubulysins is replaced by a dipeptoid element formed in an Ugi four-component reaction. Two of the four components required are themselves produced by other multicomponent reactions (MCRs). Thus, the tubugis represent the first examples of the synthesis of natural-product-inspired compounds using three intertwined isonitrile MCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Pando
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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42
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Burkhart JL, Müller R, Kazmaier U. Syntheses and Evaluation of Simplified Pretubulysin Analogues. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Vollmer LL, Jiménez M, Camarco DP, Zhu W, Daghestani HN, Balachandran R, Reese CE, Lazo JS, Hukriede NA, Curran DP, Day BW, Vogt A. A simplified synthesis of novel dictyostatin analogues with in vitro activity against epothilone B-resistant cells and antiangiogenic activity in zebrafish embryos. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:994-1006. [PMID: 21490306 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The natural product (--)-dictyostatin is a microtubule-stabilizing agent that potently inhibits the growth of human cancer cells, including paclitaxel-resistant clones. Extensive structure-activity relationship studies have revealed several regions of the molecule that can be altered without loss of activity. The most potent synthetic dictyostatin analogue described to date, 6-epi-dictyostatin, has superior in vivo antitumor activity against human breast cancer xenografts compared with paclitaxel. In spite of their encouraging activities in preclinical studies, the complex chemical structure of the dictyostatins presents a major obstacle for their development into novel antineoplastic therapies. We recently reported a streamlined synthesis of 16-desmethyl-25,26-dihydrodictyostatins and found several agents that, when compared with 6-epi-dictyostatin, retained nanomolar activity in cellular microtubule-bundling assays but had lost activity against paclitaxel-resistant cells with mutations in β-tubulin. Extending these studies, we applied the new, highly convergent synthesis to generate 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and 6-epi-25,26-dihydrodictyostatin. Both compounds were potent microtubule-perturbing agents that induced mitotic arrest and microtubule assembly in vitro and in intact cells. In vitro radioligand binding studies showed that 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and its C6-epimer were capable of displacing [3H]paclitaxel and [14C]epothilone B from microtubules with potencies comparable to (--)-dictyostatin and discodermolide. Both compounds inhibited the growth of paclitaxel- and epothilone B-resistant cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations, synergized with paclitaxel in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, and had antiangiogenic activity in transgenic zebrafish larvae. These data identify 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and 6-epi-25,26-dihydrodictyostatin as candidates for scale-up synthesis and further preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Vollmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, 10047 Biomedical Science Tower 3, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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44
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of tubulysin D analogs related to stereoisomers of tubuvaline. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:431-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Shibue T, Hirai T, Okamoto I, Morita N, Masu H, Azumaya I, Tamura O. Total syntheses of tubulysins. Chemistry 2010; 16:11678-88. [PMID: 20734394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The total syntheses of tetrapeptides tubulysins D (1 b), U (1 c), and V (1 d), which are potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors, are described. The synthesis of Tuv (2), an unusual amino acid constituent of tubulysins, includes an 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of chiral nitrone D-6 derived from D-gulose with N-acryloyl camphor sultam (-)-9 employing the double asymmetric induction, whereas the synthesis of Tup (20), another unusual amino acid, involves a stereoselective Evans aldol reaction of (Z)-boron enolate generated from (S)-4-isopropyl-3-propionyl-2-oxazolidinone with N-protected phenylalaninal and a subsequent Barton deoxygenation protocol. We accomplished the total syntheses of tubulysins U (1 c) and V (1 d) by using these methodologies, in which the isoxazolidine ring was used as the effective protective group for γ-amido alcohol functionality. Furthermore, to understand the structure-activity relationship of tubulysins, we synthesized tubulysin D (1 b) and cyclo-tubulysin D (1 e) from 2-Me and 20, and ent-tubulysin D (ent-1 d) from ent-2-Me and ent-20, respectively. The preliminary results regarding their biological activities are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Shibue
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 2399-1, Nogi, Nogi-Machi, Shimotsuga-Gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
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46
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Discovery of 23 natural tubulysins from Angiococcus disciformis An d48 and Cystobacter SBCb004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 17:296-309. [PMID: 20338521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The tubulysins are a family of complex peptides with promising cytotoxic activity against multi-drug-resistant tumors. To date, ten tubulysins have been described from the myxobacterial strains Angiococcus disciformis An d48 and Archangium gephyra Ar 315. We report here a third producing strain, Cystobacter sp. SBCb004. Comparison of the tubulysin biosynthetic gene clusters in SBCb004 and An d48 reveals a conserved architecture, allowing the assignment of cluster boundaries. A SBCb004 strain containing a mutant in the putative cyclodeaminase gene tubZ accumulates pretubulysin A, the proposed first enzyme-free intermediate in the pathway, whose structure we confirm by NMR. We further show, using a combination of feeding studies and structure elucidation by NMR and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, that SBCb004 and An d48 together biosynthesize 22 additional tubulysin derivatives. These data reveal the inherently diversity-oriented nature of the tubulysin biosynthetic pathway.
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47
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Kubicek K, Grimm S, Orts J, Sasse F, Carlomagno T. The Tubulin-Bound Structure of the Antimitotic Drug Tubulysin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Kubicek K, Grimm S, Orts J, Sasse F, Carlomagno T. The Tubulin-Bound Structure of the Antimitotic Drug Tubulysin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4809-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Preusentanz R, Pando O, Wessjohann L. Kleine, ungewöhnliche Peptide gegen Krebs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/nadc.201069166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Ullrich A, Herrmann J, Müller R, Kazmaier U. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pretubulysin and Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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