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Shruthi E, Yallappa S, Mallikarjuna NM, Talavara V, Dhananjaya BL, Vaidya VP. 8‐Nitronaphthofuran Fused Urea Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological Studies. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Shruthi
- Department of Chemistry Kuvempu University Shankaraghatta 577451, Shivammoga District Karnataka India
| | - S. Yallappa
- Department of Chemistry AMC Engineering College Bangalore 560083 Karnataka India
| | - N. M. Mallikarjuna
- Department of Chemistry Kuvempu University Shankaraghatta 577451, Shivammoga District Karnataka India
| | - V. Talavara
- Department of Chemistry Kuvempu University Shankaraghatta 577451, Shivammoga District Karnataka India
| | - B. L. Dhananjaya
- Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit Jain University Jakksandra post, Kanakapura Taluk Ramanagara 562112 Karnataka India
| | - V. P. Vaidya
- Department of Chemistry Kuvempu University Shankaraghatta 577451, Shivammoga District Karnataka India
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Pal R, Singh K, Paul J, Khan SA, Naim MJ, Akhtar MJ. Overview of Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Non-Nitrogen Heterocyclics as Anticonvulsant Agents. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1519-1553. [PMID: 34344289 PMCID: PMC9881093 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210803144815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, characterized by the predisposition of unprovoked seizures affecting the neurobiological, psychological, cognitive, economic, and social wellbeing of the patient. As per the 2019 report by World Health Organization, it affects nearly 80% of the population, which comes from middle to low-income countries. It has been suggested that 70% of such cases can be treated effectively if properly diagnosed. It is one of the most common neurological diseases affecting 50 million people globally. Most of the antiepileptic drugs used in clinical practice are only 60-80% effective in controlling the disease. These drugs suffer from serious drawbacks of non-selectivity and toxicity that limit their clinical usefulness. Hence, there is a need to search for safe, potent, and effective anti-epileptic drugs. One of the emerging strategies to discover and develop selective and non-toxic anticonvulsant molecules focuses on the design of non-nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (NNHC). Drugs such as valproic acid, gabapentin, viagabatrin, fluorofelbamate, tiagabine, progabide, pregabalin, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), etc. do not contain a nitrogen heterocyclic ring but are as effective anticonvulsants as conventional heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. This review covers the various classes of NNHC which have been developed in the recent past as anticonvulsants along with their chemistry, percentage yield, structure-activity relationship and biological activity. The most potent compound in each series has been identified for comparative studies, for further structural modification and to improve the pharmacokinetic profile. Various optimized synthetic pathways and diverse functionalities other than nitrogen-containing rings discussed in the article may help medicinal chemists to design safe and effective anticonvulsant drugs in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, Punjab, India;,These authors contributed equally to the review
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, Punjab, India;,These authors contributed equally to the review
| | - Joyson Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, Punjab, India
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohd. Javed Naim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhagwant University, Ajmer Rajasthan, India
| | - Md. Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman;,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman; E-mails: ,
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Chen WT, Bao WH, Ying WW, Zhu WM, Liang H, Wei WT. Copper-Promoted Tandem Radical Reaction of 2-Oxindoles with Formamides: Facile Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Urea Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wen-Hui Bao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wei-Wei Ying
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wen-Ming Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Hongze Liang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
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Tomilov YV, Menchikov LG, Novikov RA, Ivanova OA, Trushkov IV. Methods for the synthesis of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sutera FM, De Caro V, Giannola LI. Small endogenous molecules as moiety to improve targeting of CNS drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:93-107. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1208651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Maria Sutera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana De Caro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Libero Italo Giannola
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Synthesis and potential anticonvulsant activity of new aryl sulfonyl semicarbazide derivatives. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wei CX, Bian M, Gong GH. Current Research on Antiepileptic Compounds. Molecules 2015; 20:20741-76. [PMID: 26610448 PMCID: PMC6332177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy affects about 1% of the world’s population. Due to the fact all antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have some undesirable side effects and about 30% of epileptic patients are not seizure-free with the existing AEDs, there is still an urgent need for the development of more effective and safer AEDs. Based on our research work on antiepileptic compounds and other references in recent years, this review covers the reported work on antiepileptic compounds which are classified according to their structures. This review summarized 244 significant anticonvulsant compounds which are classified by functional groups according to the animal model data, although there are some limitations in the data. This review highlights the properties of new compounds endowed with promising antiepileptic properties, which may be proven to be more effective and selective, and possibly free of unwanted side effects. The reviewed compounds represent an interesting possibility to overcome refractory seizures and to reduce the percentage of patients with a poor response to drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xi Wei
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China.
| | - Ming Bian
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Gong
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Wang Z, Li J, Zeng XD, Hu XM, Zhou X, Hong X. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Potential Anticonvulsant Agents. Molecules 2015; 20:17585-600. [PMID: 26404228 PMCID: PMC6331867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of benzenesulfonamide derivatives containing 4-aminobenzenesul-fonamide and α-amides branched valproic acid or 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid moieties were synthesized and screened for their anticonvulsant activities in mice maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) test. The activity experimental study showed that 2,2-dipropyl-N¹-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)malonamide (18b) had the lowest median effective dose (ED50) of 16.36 mg/kg in MES test, and 2,2-dimethyl-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide (12c) had the lowest ED50 of 22.50 mg/kg in scPTZ test, which resulted in the protective indexe (PI) of 24.8 and 20.4, respectively. These promising data suggest the new compounds have good potential as new class of anticonvulsant agents with high effectiveness and low toxicity for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Jinping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xian-Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiaoju Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Nie Y, Zhong M, Gao Y, Ding F, Li H, Zhang Y, He X. Synthesis and potential anticonvulsant activity of new 5,5-cyclopropanespirohydantoin derivatives. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reddy NV, Kumar PS, Reddy PS, Kantam ML, Reddy KR. Synthesis of unsymmetrical phenylurea derivatives via oxidative cross coupling of aryl formamides with amines under metal-free conditions. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct transformation of N-aryl formamides to the corresponding phenylurea derivatives via the formation of isocyanate intermediates is achieved in good yields using hypervalent iodine reagents as external oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagireddy Veera Reddy
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Pailla Santhosh Kumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Peddi Sudhir Reddy
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantam
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Kallu Rajender Reddy
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
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Wilhelm EA, Machado NC, Pedroso AB, Goldani BS, Seus N, Moura S, Savegnago L, Jacob RG, Alves D. Organocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of 7-chloroquinoline-1,2,3-triazoyl carboxamides as potential antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant agent. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07002j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zhong M, Zhang Y, He X. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-1-(2-substitutedhydrazinecarboxamido) cyclopropanecarboxylate derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:234-41. [PMID: 24571574 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study on the development of new anticonvulsants, fourteen ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-1-(2-substitutedhydrazinecarboxamido) cyclopropanecarboxylate derivatives were synthesized and tested for anticonvulsant activity using the maximal electroshock, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole screens, which are the most widely employed seizure models for early identification of candidate anticonvulsants. Their neurotoxicity was determined applying the rotorod test. Two compounds 6f and 6k showed promising anticonvulsant activities in both models employed for anticonvulsant evaluation. The most active compound 6k showed the maximal electroshock-induced seizures with ED50 value of 9.2 mg/kg and TD50 value of 387.5 mg/kg after intraperitoneally injection to mice, which provided compound 6k with a protective index (TD50/ED50 ) of 42.1 in the maximal electroshock test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
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Kumar GS, Kumar RA, Kumar PS, Reddy NV, Kumar KV, Kantam ML, Prabhakar S, Reddy KR. Copper catalyzed oxidative coupling of amines with formamides: a new approach for the synthesis of unsymmetrical urea derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6686-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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He X, Zhong M, Zhang T, Wu W, Wu Z, Xiao Y, Hu X. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of ethyl 1-(2-arylhydrazinecarboxamido)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:542-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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