1
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5-Demethoxy-10'-ethoxyexotimarin F, a New Coumarin with MAO-B Inhibitory Potential from Murraya exotica L. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154950. [PMID: 35956898 PMCID: PMC9370560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutaceae plants are known for being a rich source of coumarins. Preliminary molecular docking showed that there was no significant difference for coumarins in Clausena and Murraya, both of which had high scoring values and showed good potential inhibitory activity to the MAO-B enzyme. Overall, 32 coumarins were isolated from Murraya exotica L., including a new coumarin 5-demethoxy-10′-ethoxyexotimarin F (1). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were assigned via a comparison of the specific rotations and the ECD exciton coupling method. The potential of new coumarin (1) as a selective inhibitor of MAO-B was initially evaluated through molecular docking and pharmacophore studies. Compound (1) showed selectivity for the MAO-B isoenzyme and inhibitory activity in the sub-micromolar range with an IC50 value of 153.25 ± 1.58 nM (MAO-B selectivity index > 172).
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2
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Arshad MF, Alam A, Alshammari AA, Alhazza MB, Alzimam IM, Alam MA, Mustafa G, Ansari MS, Alotaibi AM, Alotaibi AA, Kumar S, Asdaq SMB, Imran M, Deb PK, Venugopala KN, Jomah S. Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133994. [PMID: 35807236 PMCID: PMC9268695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor–acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazoles in clinical trials, and thiazoles in preclinical and developmental stages. A compilation of preclinical and developmental thiazole-bearing molecules is presented, focusing on their brief synthetic description and preclinical studies relating to structure-based activity analysis. The authors expect that the current review may succeed in drawing the attention of medicinal chemists to finding new leads, which may later be translated into new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Arshad
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Ayed Alshammari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Bader Alhazza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Alzimam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Md Anish Alam
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Salahuddin Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulelah M. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Drug Regulatory Affair, Department, Pharma Beistand, New Delhi 110017, India;
| | - Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Shahamah Jomah
- Pharmacy Department, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia;
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Bangade VM, Dadmal TL, Popatkar BB, Mali PR, Meshram HM. One Pot Catalyst‐free Synthesis of Substituted Di‐amino N‐tosyl Benzoyl Thiazoles byRegioselective C−N Bond Cleavage and Its Anticancer Activity. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas M. Bangade
- Department of Chemistry The Institute of Science, Mumbai Dr.HomiBhabha State University Mumbai 15, Madame Cama Road Mumbai-32 400 032 India
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Tulshiram L. Dadmal
- Department of Chemistry Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities Amravati Maharashtra 444604 India
| | - Bhushan B. Popatkar
- Department of Chemistry University of Mumbai Vidyanagari, Kalina, Santacruz (E) Mumbai Maharashtra 400 098 India
| | - Prakash R. Mali
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Harshadas M. Meshram
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
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4
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Bangade VM, Mali PR, Meshram HM. Synthesis of Potent Anticancer Substituted 5-Benzimidazol-2-amino Thiazoles Controlled by Bifunctional Hydrogen Bonding under Microwave Irradiations. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6056-6065. [PMID: 33872008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazol-amino thiazoles are synthesized under microwave irradiations using benzimidazole phenyl thiourea and 2-bromoacetophenone. Bifunctional hydrogen bonding plays an important role in chemical conversion. The reaction was carried out by C-C bond formation, followed by C-N bond cleavage and simultaneous migration of the benzimidazole ring. This reaction is novel and efficient for the synthesis of benzimidazol-amino thiazoles in which microwaves were used as driving forces. Synthesis of the product was controlled by double hydrogen bonding which is practically confirmed by the synthesis of routine imino-thiazole as an alternative product in the simple acidic condition. The simple acidic condition is neither responsible nor sufficient for optimum conversion of the benzimidazole migrated product. The synthesized products benzimidazole amino thiazoles D4 (IC50 = 4.207 μM) and D8 (IC50 = 2.398 μM) show interesting anticancer activities for human lung cancer with reference to doxorubicin (IC50 = 1.750 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas M Bangade
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India.,Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Science, Mumbai, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, 15, Madame Cama Road, Mumbai, 32, India
| | - Prakash R Mali
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - Harshadas M Meshram
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
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5
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Harisha MB, Dhanalakshmi P, Suresh R, Kumar RR, Muthusubramanian S. Access to highly substituted oxazoles by the reaction of α-azidochalcone with potassium thiocyanate. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2108-2118. [PMID: 32952727 PMCID: PMC7476590 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of α-azidochalcones has been explored for the preparation of highly substituted oxazoles via a 2H-azirine intermediate. The azidochalcones, when treated with potassium thiocyanate in the presence of potassium persulfate, lead to 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles in good yields. Incidentally, 2-aminothiazoles are the products when ferric nitrate is employed instead of persulfate in the above reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mysore Bhyrappa Harisha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.,Eurofins-Advinus Limited, Phase II, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-560 058, India
| | - Pandi Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Rajendran Suresh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raju Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Muthusubramanian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Flores E, Muñoz-Osses M, Torrent C, Vásquez-Martínez Y, Gómez A, Cortez-San Martin M, Vega A, Martí AA, Godoy F, Mascayano C. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ferrocenyl Thiazole and Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole Catechols as Inhibitors of 5-hLOX and as Antibacterials against Staphylococcus aureus. Structural Relationship and Computational Studies. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez
- Programa-Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Aplicadas (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Andrés Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello, República 275, Santiago Chile
| | - Angel A. Martí
- Department of Chemistry, Bioengineering and Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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7
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Liessi N, Pesce E, Salis A, Damonte G, Tasso B, Cichero E, Pedemonte N, Millo E. Synthesis and Structure-activity Relationship of Aminoarylthiazole Derivatives as Potential Potentiators of the Chloride Transport Defect in Cystic Fibrosis. Med Chem 2020; 17:646-657. [PMID: 32141420 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200306114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the autosomal recessive disorder most common in Caucasian populations. It is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR). CFTR is predominantly expressed at the apical plasma membranes of the epithelial cells lining several organs, and functions as a cAMP-regulated chloride/bicarbonate channel. To address the underlying causes of cystic fibrosis, two biomolecular activities are required, namely correctors to increase CFTR levels at the cell surface, and potentiators to allow the effective opening of the CFTR channel. OBJECTIVE In our previous data, we demonstrated that some aminoarylthiazoles (AATs) have peculiar activity acting as correctors and as potentiator-like molecules. Curiously, a compound called 1 has been shown to be markedly active as a potentiator. Now, we have further modified its scaffold at different portions, for the identification of molecules with improved potency and effectiveness on mutant CFTR. METHODS Starting from this active compound, we synthesized a small library trying to improve the activity as potentiators. To extrapolate the contribution of a particular structural portion to bioactivity, we selectively modified one portion at a time. RESULTS Our study has provided a structure-activity relationship (SAR) on AATs and led to the identification of some compounds, with a particular ability to act as CFTR potentiators. CONCLUSION Two compounds 2 and 13 appear to be promising molecules and could be used for the future development of potentiators of the chloride transport defect in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Liessi
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pesce
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Millo
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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8
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Sinha S, Manju SL, Doble M. Chalcone-Thiazole Hybrids: Rational Design, Synthesis, and Lead Identification against 5-Lipoxygenase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1415-1422. [PMID: 31620227 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid pharmacophore approach is used to design and synthesize novel chalcone-thiazole hybrid molecules. Herein, thiazole has been hybridized with chalcone to obtain a new class of 5-LOX inhibitors. In vitro biological evaluation showed that most of the compounds were better 5-LOX inhibitors than the positive control, Zileuton (IC50 = 1.05 ± 0.03 μM). The best compounds in the series, namely, 4k, 4n, and 4v (4k: IC50 = 0.07 ± 0.02 μM, 4n: IC50 = 0.08 ± 0.05 μM, 4v: 0.12 ± 0.04 μM) are found to be 10 times more active than previously reported 2-amino thiazole (2m: IC50 = 0.9 ± 0.1 μM) by us. Further, 4k has redox (noncompetitive) while 4n and 4v act through a competitive inhibition mechanism. SAR indicated that the presence of methoxy/methyl either in the vicinity of chalcone or both thiazole and chalcone contributed to the synergistic inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sinha
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - S. L. Manju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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9
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Abdel-Latif E, Metwally HM, Keshk EM, Khalil AGM, Saeed A. An overview on the synthesis and chemical properties of p-aminoacetanilide and its derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1616302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Abdel-Latif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Metwally
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Keshk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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10
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Sinha S, Doble M, Manju SL. 5-Lipoxygenase as a drug target: A review on trends in inhibitors structural design, SAR and mechanism based approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3745-3759. [PMID: 31331653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The most common inflammatory disease of the airways is asthma among children affecting around 235 million people worldwide. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a crucial enzyme which helps in the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to leukotrienes (LTs), the lipid mediators. It is associated with several inflammation related disorders such as asthma, allergy, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is considered as a promising target against inflammation and asthma. Currently, the only drug against 5-LOX which is available is Zileuton, while a few inhibitors are in clinical trial stages such as Atreleuton and Setileuton. So, there is a dire requirement in the area of progress of novel 5-LOX inhibitors which necessitates an understanding of their structure activity relationship and mode of action. In this review, novel 5-LOX inhibitors reported so far, their structural design, SAR and developmental strategies along with clinical updates are discussed over the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - S L Manju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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11
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Tsolaki E, Eleftheriou P, Kartsev V, Geronikaki A, Saxena AK. Application of Docking Analysis in the Prediction and Biological Evaluation of the Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Action of Thiazolyl Derivatives of Mycophenolic Acid. Molecules 2018; 23:E1621. [PMID: 29970872 PMCID: PMC6099768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
5-LOX inhibition is among the desired characteristics of anti-inflammatory drugs, while 15-LOX has also been considered as a drug target. Similarity in inhibition behavior between soybean LOX-1 and human 5-LOX has been observed and soybean LOX (sLOX) type 1b has been used for the evaluation of LOX inhibition in drug screening for years. After prediction of LOX inhibition by PASS and docking as well as toxicity by PROTOX and ToxPredict sixteen (E)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)-6-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enamide derivatives with lengths varying from about 15⁻20 Å were evaluated in vitro for LOX inhibitory action using the soybean lipoxygenase sLOX 1b. Docking analysis was performed using soybean LOX L-1 (1YGE), soybean LOX-3 (1JNQ), human 5-LOX (3O8Y and 3V99) and mammalian 15-LOX (1LOX) structures. Different dimensions of target center and docking boxes and a cavity prediction algorithm were used. The compounds exhibited inhibitory action between 2.5 μΜ and 165 μΜ. Substituents with an electronegative atom at two-bond proximity to position 4 of the thiazole led to enhanced activity. Docking results indicated that the LOX structures 1JNQ, 3V99 and 1LOX can effectively be used for estimation of LOX inhibition and amino acid interactions of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsolaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Phaedra Eleftheriou
- Department of Medical Laboratories, School of Health and Care Professions, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 54700 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Anil K Saxena
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, 226031 Lucknow, India.
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12
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Liaras K, Fesatidou M, Geronikaki A. Thiazoles and Thiazolidinones as COX/LOX Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:E685. [PMID: 29562646 PMCID: PMC6017610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural process that is connected to various conditions and disorders such as arthritis, psoriasis, cancer, infections, asthma, etc. Based on the fact that cyclooxygenase isoenzymes (COX-1, COX-2) are responsible for the production of prostaglandins that play an important role in inflammation, traditional treatment approaches include administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which act as selective or non-selective COX inhibitors. Almost all of them present a number of unwanted, often serious, side effects as a consequence of interference with the arachidonic acid cascade. In search for new drugs to avoid side effects, while maintaining high potency over inflammation, scientists turned their interest to the synthesis of dual COX/LOX inhibitors, which could provide numerous therapeutic advantages in terms of anti-inflammatory activity, improved gastric protection and safer cardiovascular profile compared to conventional NSAIDs. Τhiazole and thiazolidinone moieties can be found in numerous biologically active compounds of natural origin, as well as synthetic molecules that possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. This review focuses on the biological activity of several thiazole and thiazolidinone derivatives as COX-1/COX-2 and LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Liaras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maria Fesatidou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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13
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Hu C, Ma S. Recent development of lipoxygenase inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:212-225. [PMID: 30108915 PMCID: PMC6083793 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is favorable in most cases, because it is a kind of body defensive response to external stimuli; sometimes, inflammation is also harmful, such as attacks on the body's own tissues. It could be that inflammation is a unified process of injury and resistance to injury. Inflammation brings extreme pain to patients, showing symptoms of rubor, swelling, fever, pain and dysfunction. As the specific mechanism is not clear yet, the current anti-inflammatory agents are given priority for relieving suffering of patients. Thus it is emergent to find new anti-inflammatory agents with rapid effect. Lipoxygenase (LOX) is a kind of rate-limiting enzyme in the process of arachidonic acid metabolism into leukotriene (LT) which mediates the occurrence of inflammation. The inhibition of LOX can reduce LT, thereby producing an anti-inflammatory effect. In this review, the LOX inhibitors reported in recent years are summarized, and, in particular, their activities, structure-activity relationships and molecular docking studies are emphasized, which will provide new ideas to design novel LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China .
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China .
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14
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Liao GP, Zhou X, Xiao W, Xie Y, Jin LH. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 2-Substituted Phenoxy- N-(4-substituted Phenyl-5-(1 H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)thiazol-2-yl)acetamide Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
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15
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Abstract
Background: Leukotrienes are pivotal lipid mediators in various immune and inflammatory reactions. Herein, 5-LO is a validated target. 2-Aminothiazoles, as a privileged structure, implicate known 5-LO inhibitors like ST-1083 (IC50 [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL)] = 0.68 μM), yet deep structure–activity relationships (SAR) have not been established. Materials & methods: Compounds were synthesized via Hantzsch thiazole synthesis. Inhibitory activities were evaluated using intact PMNL and purified 5-LO together with cytotoxicity measurements in U937 cells. Results: We introduced novel functionalities at 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-position of the 2-aminothiazole scaffold and conducted bioisosteric replacement to optimize the parent scaffold. SARs of the 2-aminothiazole scaffold were deduced and extended primarily for inhibition of the 5-LO enzyme. Conclusion: SAR studies provided at least two optimized leads (ST-1853, ST-1906) with high potency (IC50 [polymorphonuclear leukocytes] = 0.05 μM), specificity and noncytotoxic behavior. [Formula: see text]
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Suh JH, Yum EK, Cho YS. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N-Aryl-5-aryloxazol-2-amine Derivatives as 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63:573-8. [PMID: 26040270 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of N-aryl-5-aryloxazol-2-amine derivatives that are able to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), a key enzyme of leukotriene synthesis, for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases including asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. A novel structural moiety containing oxazole was initially identified from a chemical library using an in vitro enzymatic and cell-based assay, and its synthesized oxazole derivatives were further examined to develop a structure-activity relationship (SAR). SAR analysis demonstrated that a hydroxyl or amino group at the p-position on N-phenyl was essential for the 5-LOX-inhibitory activities of the derivatives, and that other halogen and methyl group-substituted derivatives affected the potency, positively or negatively. As a result, derivatives selected through first-round screening were further optimized using a cell-based assay and an in vivo assay to develop a potent, selective 5-LOX inhibitor. A final hit exhibited an improved efficacy in arachidonic acid-induced ear edema when applied topically but not orally. Moreover, it showed the additional advantage of sustainable antiinflammatory activity over a reference compound, zileuton. Taken together, chemical entities bearing an oxazole scaffold could be promising as therapeutic drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hee Suh
- Pharmacological Research Center, Bio-organic Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
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17
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Zhang G, Chen B, Guo X, Guo S, Yu Y. Iron(II)-Promoted Synthesis of 2-AminothiazolesviaCN Bond Formation from Vinyl Azides and Potassium Thiocyanate. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Park HJ, Kim JE, Yum EK, Kim YH, Han CW. Copper- and Ligand-free Heteroannulation of o-Halohydroxypyridine with Terminal Alkynes Using Pd/C Catalyst: One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Substituted Furopyridines and their Functionalization. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Park
- Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Daejon 305-764 Korea
| | - Eul Kgun Yum
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Daejon 305-764 Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- High Tech Pharm. Co.; R&D Center; Eumseong 369-823 Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Han
- High Tech Pharm. Co.; R&D Center; Eumseong 369-823 Korea
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19
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Rödl CB, Vogt D, Kretschmer SBM, Ihlefeld K, Barzen S, Brüggerhoff A, Achenbach J, Proschak E, Steinhilber D, Stark H, Hofmann B. Multi-dimensional target profiling of N,4-diaryl-1,3-thiazole-2-amines as potent inhibitors of eicosanoid metabolism. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:302-11. [PMID: 25036790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids like leukotrienes and prostaglandins play a considerable role in inflammation. Produced within the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade, these lipid mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of pain as well as acute and chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. With regard to the lipid cross-talk within the AA pathway, a promising approach for an effective anti-inflammatory therapy is the development of inhibitors targeting more than one enzyme of this cascade. Within this study, thirty N-4-diaryl-1,3-thiazole-2-amine based compounds with different substitution patterns were synthesized and tested in various cell-based assays to investigate their activity and selectivity profile concerning five key enzymes involved in eicosanoid metabolism (5-, 12-, 15-lipoxygenase (LO), cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1/-2)). With compound 7, 2-(4-phenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)phenol (ST-1355), a multi-target ligand targeting all tested enzymes is presented, whereas compound 9, 2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)phenol (ST-1705), represents a potent and selective 5-LO and COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.9 ± 0.2 μM (5-LO) and a residual activity of 9.1 ± 1.1% at 10 μM (COX-2 product formation). The promising characteristics and the additional non-cytotoxic profile of both compounds reveal new lead structures for the treatment of eicosanoid-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen B Rödl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik Vogt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simon B M Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katja Ihlefeld
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Barzen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Brüggerhoff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janosch Achenbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Bettina Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Kim SK, Kim JH, Park YC, Kim JW, Yum EK. Synthesis of trisubstituted thiazoles by ligand-free palladium-catalyzed direct 5-arylation of 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles under conventional and microwave-assisted heating. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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A simple, three-component synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles using trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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