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Kowalczyk P, Wilk M, Parul P, Szymczak M, Kramkowski K, Raj S, Skiba G, Sulejczak D, Kleczkowska P, Ostaszewski R. The Synthesis and Evaluation of Aminocoumarin Peptidomimetics as Cytotoxic Agents on Model Bacterial E. coli Strains. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195725. [PMID: 34640121 PMCID: PMC8510199 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the successful synthesis of a library of novel peptidomimetics via Ugi multicomponent reaction. Most of these peptidomimetics contain differently substituted aminocoumarin; 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin and 7-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl) coumarin. Inspired by the biological properties of coumarin derivatives and peptidomimetics, we proposed the synthesis of coumarin incorporated peptidomimetics. We studied the potential of synthesized compounds as antimicrobial drugs on model E. coli bacterial strains (k12 and R2–R4). To highlight the importance of coumarin in antimicrobial resistance, we also synthesized the structurally similar peptidomimetics, using benzylamine. Preliminary cellular studies suggest that the compounds with coumarin derivatives have more potential as antimicrobial agents compared to the compounds without coumarin. We also analyzed the effect of aldehyde, free acid group and ester group on the course of their antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Monika Wilk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Parul Parul
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Mateusz Szymczak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1 Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Stanisława Raj
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Skiba
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Dorota Sulejczak
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Kleczkowska
- Centre for Preclinical Research (CBP), Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (R.O.)
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Wang M, Jiang S, Liu M, Xu L, Narva S, Awadasseid A, Wu Y, Zhang W. Synthesis and anti-cancer activity of naphthopyrone derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Gulati S, John SE, Shankaraiah N. Microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions in heterocyclic chemistry and mechanistic aspects. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:819-865. [PMID: 33968258 PMCID: PMC8077743 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted (MWA) multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have successfully emerged as one of the useful tools in the synthesis of biologically relevant heterocycles. These reactions are strategically employed for the generation of a variety of heterocycles along with multiple point diversifications. Over the last few decades classical MCRs such as Ugi, Biginelli, etc. have witnessed enhanced yield and efficiency with microwave assistance. The highlights of MWA-MCRs are high yields, reduced reaction time, selectivity, atom economy and simpler purification techniques, such an approach can accelerate the drug discovery process. The present review focuses on the recent advances in MWA-MCRs and their mechanistic insights over the past decade and shed light on its advantage over the conventional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Gulati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Stephy Elza John
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
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Reddy DS, Kongot M, Kumar A. Coumarin hybrid derivatives as promising leads to treat tuberculosis: Recent developments and critical aspects of structural design to exhibit anti-tubercular activity. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 127:102050. [PMID: 33540334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious airborne disease with nearly 25% of the world's population infected with it. Challenges such as multi drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), extensive drug resistant TB (XDR-TB) and in rare cases totally drug resistant TB (TDR-TB) emphasizes the critical and urgent need in developing novel TB drugs. Moreover, the prolonged and multi drug treatment regime suffers a major drawback due to high toxicity and vulnerability in TB patients. This calls for intensified research efforts in identifying novel molecular scaffolds which can combat these issues with minimal side effects. In this pursuit, researchers have screened many bio-active molecules among which coumarin have been identified as promising candidates for TB drug discovery and development. Coumarins are naturally occurring compounds known for their low toxicity and varied biological activity. The biological spectrum of coumarin has intrigued medicinal researchers to investigate coumarin scaffolds for their relevance as anti-TB drugs. In this review we focus on the recent developments of coumarin and its critical aspects of structural design required to exhibit anti-tubercular (anti-TB) activity. The information provided will help medicinal chemists to design and identify newer molecular analogs for TB treatment and also broadens the scope of exploring future generation potent yet safer coumarin based anti-TB agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh S Reddy
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Manasa Kongot
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Bangalore, 562112, India.
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Shaik AB, Bhandare RR, Nissankararao S, Lokesh BVS, Shahanaaz S, Mukhlesur Rahman M. Synthesis, and biological screening of chloropyrazine conjugated benzothiazepine derivatives as potential antimicrobial, antitubercular and cytotoxic agents. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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6
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Coumarin Derivatives as New Toxic Compounds to Selected K12, R1-R4 E. coli Strains. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112499. [PMID: 32486298 PMCID: PMC7321437 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are natural compounds that were detected in 80 species of plants. They have numerous applications including the medical, food, tobacco, perfumery, and spirit industries. They show anti-swelling and diastolic effects. However, excess consumption of coumarins may adversely affect our health, because they are easily absorbed from the intestines into the lymph and blood, causing cirrhosis of the liver. Peptidomimetics are molecules whose structure and function are similar to those of peptides. They are an important group of compounds with biological, microbiological, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Therefore, studies on new peptidomimetics, which load the effect of native peptides, whose half-life in the body is much longer due to structural modifications, are extremely important. A preliminary study of coumarin analogues and its derivatives as new potential antimicrobial drugs containing carboxylic acid or ester was performed to determine their basic structure related to their biological features against various types of Gram-stained bacteria by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We hypothesized that the toxicity (antibacterial activity) of coumarin derivatives is dependent on the of LPS in bacteria and nature and position of the substituent which may be carboxylic acid, hydroxyl groups, or esters. In order to verify this hypothesis, we used K12 (smooth) and R1–R4 (rough) Escherichia coli strains which are characterized by differences in the type of LPS, especially in the O-antigen region, the outermost LPS layer. In our work, we synthesized 17 peptidomimetics containing a coumarin scaffold and checked their influence on K12 and R1–R4 E. coli strains possessing smooth and rough LPS. We also measured the damage of plasmid DNA caused by target compounds. The results of our studies clearly support the conclusion that coumarin peptidomimetics are antagonistic compounds to many of the currently used antibiotics. The high biological activity of the selected coumarin peptidomimetic was associated with identification of the so-called magic methyl groups, which substantially change the biochemical properties of target compounds. Investigating the effects of these compounds is particularly important in the era of increasingly common resistance in bacteria.
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Maslivetc VA, Turner DN, McNair KN, Frolova L, Rogelj S, Maslivetc AA, Aksenov NA, Rubina M, Rubin M. Desymmetrization of Cyclopropenes via the Potassium-Templated Diastereoselective 7- exo- trig Cycloaddition of Tethered Amino Alcohols toward Enantiopure Cyclopropane-Fused Oxazepanones with Antimycobacterial Activity. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5650-5664. [PMID: 29696970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A strain-release-driven, cation-templated intramolecular nucleophilic addition of tethered alkoxides to prochiral cyclopropenes is described. Employment of chiral β- and γ-amino alkoxides allowed for highly diastereoselective assembly of a small series of enantiopure cyclopropane-fused oxazepanones. It was shown that the chiral center at C-4 plays a crucial role in controlling desymmetrization of the cyclopropenyl moiety, instigated by a profound potassium-templated effect. The preliminary biological activities of the new cyclopropane-fused medium heterocycles against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, cancer cells, and fungus were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Maslivetc
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - Danielle N Turner
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology , New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology , Socorro , New Mexico 87801 , United States
| | - Kimberly N McNair
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology , New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology , Socorro , New Mexico 87801 , United States
| | - Liliya Frolova
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology , New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology , Socorro , New Mexico 87801 , United States
| | - Snezna Rogelj
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology , New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology , Socorro , New Mexico 87801 , United States
| | - Anna A Maslivetc
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - Nicolai A Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry , North Caucasus Federal University , 1a Pushkin St. , Stavropol 355009 , Russian Federation
| | - Marina Rubina
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , North Caucasus Federal University , 1a Pushkin St. , Stavropol 355009 , Russian Federation
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Peters BK, Razuwika R, Samipillai M, Arvidsson PI, Kruger HG, Govender T, Naicker T. An unexpected re-arrangement of the antibiotic carbapenem core to new 1,4-diazepin-5-one scaffolds. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a peculiar organocatalyzed domino-reaction on the carbapenem core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron K. Peters
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Rufaro Razuwika
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Marivel Samipillai
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Per I. Arvidsson
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
- Science for Life Laboratory
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
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Sridevi D, Sudhakar KU, Ananthathatmula R, Nankar RP, Doble M. Mutation at G103 of MtbFtsZ Altered their Sensitivity to Coumarins. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:578. [PMID: 28428773 PMCID: PMC5382161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are natural polyphenol lactones comprising of fused rings of benzene and α-pyrone. The current study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of coumarins with various substitutions on Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155. We also demonstrate the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract containing ellagic acid, on M. smegmatis as well as their affect on MtbFtsZ (FtsZ from Mycobacterium tuberculosis). The ellagic acid extracts from pomegranate peels inhibit mycobacteria with a MIC of 25 μM and 0.3 to 3.5 mg/mL, respectively, but failed to inhibit the polymerization of MtbFtsZ. However, the coumarins were shown to inhibit the polymerization and GTPase activity of the protein as well as have an inhibitory affect on M. smegmatis mc2 155. Docking of the most active coumarin (7-Dimethyl-4-methyl coumarin with MIC of 38.7 μM) to the GTP binding site suggests that it interacted with the G103 residue. Based on the docking results two mutants of varying activity (G103S and G103A) were constructed to elucidate the interaction of MtbFtsZ and coumarins. Mutation of G103 with Serine (a bulky group) results in an inactive mutant and substitution with alanine produces a variant that retains most of the activity of the wild type. There is a disruption of the protofilament formation of the MtbFtsZ upon interaction with coumarins as demonstrated by TEM. The coumarins increase the length of Mycobacteria five times and MtbFtsZ localization is disturbed. The mutant proteins altered the GTPase and polymerization activity of coumarins as compared to wild type protein. The results here support that coumarins inhibit proliferation of Mycobacteria by targeting the assembly of MtbFtsZ and provide the possible binding site of coumarins on MtbFtsZ. This study may aid in the design of natural products as anti-mycobacterial agents. The currently reported GTP analogs for FtsZ are toxic to the human cell lines; natural coumarins targeting the GTP binding site of MtbFtsZ may hold promise as an important drug lead for tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duggirala Sridevi
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai, India
| | - Karpagam U Sudhakar
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai, India
| | - Ragamanvitha Ananthathatmula
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai, India
| | - Rakesh P Nankar
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai, India
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Srinivasulu V, Janda KD, Abu-Yousef IA, O'Connor MJ, Al-Tel TH. A modular CuI-L-proline catalyzed one-pot route for the rapid access of constrained and privileged hetero-atom-linked medium-sized ring systems. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Al-zagameem AS, El-Abadelah MM, Zihlif MA, Naffa RG, Al-Smadi ML, Mubarak MS. Synthesis and Bioassay of Novel Substituted Pyrano[2,3- f]cinnoline-2-ones. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malek A. Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; The University of Jordan; Amman 11942 Jordan
| | - Randa G. Naffa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Research, Faculty of Medicine; The University of Jordan; Amman 11942 Jordan
| | - Musa L. Al-Smadi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid 22110 Jordan
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Manvar P, Shaikh F, Kakadiya R, Mehariya K, Khunt R, Pandey B, Shah A. Synthesis of novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-4-hydroxy-2H-coumarins by Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé multicomponent reaction as potential NS5B inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Desai NC, Trivedi AR, Vaghani HV, Somani HC, Bhatt KA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3,4-oxadiazole bearing dihydropyrimidines as potential antitubercular agents. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Anand A, Naik RJ, Revankar HM, Kulkarni MV, Dixit SR, Joshi SD. A click chemistry approach for the synthesis of mono and bis aryloxy linked coumarinyl triazoles as anti-tubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 105:194-207. [PMID: 26491982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of mono and bis-triazole coumarin hybrids 6a-u and 9a-f respectively have been synthesized using 4-(azidomethyl)-2H-chromen-2-ones 5a-i and aryl propargyl ethers 2a-c/8 employing Click chemistry modified protocol for Azide-Alkyne cycloadditions(CuAAC). Anti-tubercular screening showed moderate activity for mono aryloxy compounds 6a-u with MIC 50-100 μg/mL, whereas the bis compounds 9a-f were more effective with MICs between 0.2 and 12.5 μg/mL. Molecular modeling and 3D-QSAR measurements using CoMFA and Topomer CoMFA further supported the observed results. The bis compound 9b showed excellent activity with MIC value as low as 0.2 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Anand
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Reshma J Naik
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Hrishikesh M Revankar
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar V Kulkarni
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sheshagiri R Dixit
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S. E. T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - Shrinivas D Joshi
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S. E. T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
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Recent progress in the drug development of coumarin derivatives as potent antituberculosis agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 100:257-69. [PMID: 26112067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a challenging worldwide health problem and mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains one of the most deadly human pathogens. TB is the second leading infectious cause of mortality today behind only HIV/AIDS. The impetus for developing new structural classes of antituberculosis drugs comes from the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. The development of MDR strains to commonly used drugs is due to, longer durations of therapy as results of resistance, and the resurgence of the disease in immune compromised patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new antitubercular (anti-TB) agents. Ironically, the low number of potentially new chemical entities which can act as anti-TB candidates is of great importance at present situation. Considering the severity of the problem, WHO has prepared a strategic plan in Berlin declaration 2007 to stop TB, globally. Among the oxygen heterocycles, coumarin derivatives are important motifs, which can be widely found in many natural products, and many of them displaying diverse biological activities. This spectacular spectrum of applications has intrigued organic and medicinal chemists for decades to explore the natural coumarins or their synthetic analogs for their applicability as anti-TB drugs. To pave the way for the future research, there is a need to collect the latest information in this promising area. In the present review, we collated published reports on coumarin derivatives to shed light on the insights on different types of methods reported for their preparations, characterizations and anti-TB applications, so that its full therapeutic potential class of compounds can be utilized for the treatment of tuberculosis. Therefore, the objective of this review is to focus on important coumarin analogs with anti-TB activities, and structure-activity relationships (SAR) for designing the better anti-TB agents. It is hoped that, this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic coumarin-based anti-TB drugs.
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Viviano M, Milite C, Rescigno D, Castellano S, Sbardella G. A continuous-flow synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepin-5-ones, privileged scaffolds for drug discovery. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuous-flow strategy to achieve the benzodiazepine privileged structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Viviano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Donatella Rescigno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
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17
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Soni J, Soman S. Synthesis of Amide and Ester Derivatives of Naphthopyrone Carboxylic Acid. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. N. Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Vadodara Gujarat 390002 India
| | - S. S. Soman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Vadodara Gujarat 390002 India
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Manvar A, Khedkar V, Patel J, Vora V, Dodia N, Patel G, Coutinho E, Shah A. Synthesis and binary QSAR study of antitubercular quinolylhydrazides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4896-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
This review article deals with synthesis and reactions of benzo[1,5]thiazepines and the related derivatives and their applications, biological activity as well as spectroscopic data. Most of the reported data on the methods of synthesis, chemical reactions, and biological activity of these heterocycles published over the last ten years are reviewed in this paper.
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