Stroke-MRI: extending the time-window: recent trials and clinical practice

Optimal MRI sequence for identifying occlusion location in acute stroke: which value of time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Identifying occlusion location is crucial for determining the optimal therapeutic strategy during the acute phase of ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of MR imaging, including conventional sequences plus time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA in comparison with DSA for identifying arterial occlusion location.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thirty-two patients with 34 occlusion levels referred for thrombectomy during acute cerebral stroke events were consecutively included from August 2010 to December 2012. Before thrombectomy, we performed 3T MR imaging, including conventional 3D-TOF and gradient-echo T2 sequences, along with time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA of the extra- and intracranial arteries. The 3D-TOF, gradient-echo T2, and time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA results were consensually assessed by 2 neuroradiologists and compared with prethrombectomy DSA results in terms of occlusion location. The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis to compare MR imaging sequences with DSA, and the κ coefficient was used to determine intermodality agreement.

RESULTS

The occlusion level on the 3D-TOF and gradient-echo T2 images differed significantly from that of DSA (P < .001 and P = .002, respectively), while no significant difference was observed between DSA and time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA (P = .125). κ coefficients for intermodality agreement with DSA (95% CI, percentage agreement) were 0.43 (0.3%-0.6; 62%), 0.32 (0.2%-0.5; 56%), and 0.81 (0.6%-1.0; 88%) for 3D-TOF, gradient-echo T2, and time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA sequence proved reliable for identifying occlusion location in acute stroke with performance superior to that of 3D-TOF and gradient-echo T2 sequences.

The role of imaging in acute ischemic stroke

Neuroimaging has expanded beyond its traditional diagnostic role and become a critical tool in the evaluation and management of stroke. The objectives of imaging include prompt accurate diagnosis, treatment triage, prognosis prediction, and secondary preventative precautions. While capitalizing on the latest treatment options and expanding upon the "time is brain" doctrine, the ultimate goal of imaging is to maximize the number of treated patients and improve the outcome of one the most costly and morbid disease. A broad overview of comprehensive multimodal stroke imaging is presented here to affirm its utilization.

Imaging recommendations for acute stroke and transient ischemic attack patients: a joint statement by the American Society of Neuroradiology, the American College of Radiology and the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery

In the article entitled "Imaging Recommendations for Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients: A Joint Statement by the American Society of Neuroradiology, the American College of Radiology and the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery", we are proposing a simple, pragmatic approach that will allow the reader to develop an optimal imaging algorithm for stroke patients at their institution.

Imaging recommendations for acute stroke and transient ischemic attack patients: A joint statement by the American Society of Neuroradiology, the American College of Radiology, and the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery

SUMMARY

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Imaging plays a critical role in evaluating patients suspected of acute stroke and transient ischemic attack, especially before initiating treatment. Over the past few decades, major advances have occurred in stroke imaging and treatment, including Food and Drug Administration approval of recanalization therapies for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. A wide variety of imaging techniques has become available to assess vascular lesions and brain tissue status in acute stroke patients. However, the practical challenge for physicians is to understand the multiple facets of these imaging techniques, including which imaging techniques to implement and how to optimally use them, given available resources at their local institution. Important considerations include constraints of time, cost, access to imaging modalities, preferences of treating physicians, availability of expertise, and availability of endovascular therapy. The choice of which imaging techniques to employ is impacted by both the time urgency for evaluation of patients and the complexity of the literature on acute stroke imaging. Ideally, imaging algorithms should incorporate techniques that provide optimal benefit for improved patient outcomes without delaying treatment.

The Boston Acute Stroke Imaging Scale: ready for use in clinical practice?

This Practice Point commentary discusses a report by Torres-Mozqueda et al. on a newly developed classification instrument for predicting outcome after stroke, the Boston Acute Stroke Imaging Scale (BASIS). This tool incorporates imaging data on the patency of the vasculature and the parenchyma and classifies ischemic strokes as major (if large vessels are occluded or parenchymal changes are present) or minor (all others). When testing the scale, the authors looked at short-term outcome at the time of hospital discharge; patients classified with major stroke by BASIS had a higher mortality and longer hospital stay and were more likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility than patients with minor stroke. The authors concluded that BASIS can predict outcome after stroke. We point to several shortcomings in the study methodology and argue that, although BASIS has potential as a prognostic tool, further studies are needed before it can be widely used.