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Dewi L, Liao YC, Jean WH, Huang KC, Huang CY, Chen LK, Nicholls A, Lai LF, Kuo CH. Cordyceps sinensis accelerates stem cell recruitment to human skeletal muscle after exercise. Food Funct 2024; 15:4010-4020. [PMID: 38501161 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03770c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis is a parasitic fungus known to induce immune responses. The impact of Cordyceps supplementation on stem cell homing and expansion to human skeletal muscle after exercise remains unexplored. In this study, we examined how pre-exercise Cordyceps supplementation influences cell infiltration, CD34+ cell recruitment, and Pax7+ cell expansion in human skeletal muscle after high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on a cycloergometer. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted with 14 young adults (age: 24 ± 0.8 years). A placebo (1 g cornstarch) and Cordyceps (1 g Cordyceps sinensis) were administered before exercise (at 120% maximal aerobic power). Multiple biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis for muscle tissue analysis before and after HIIE. This exercise regimen doubled the VEGF mRNA in the muscle at 3 h post-exercise (P = 0.006). A significant necrotic cell infiltration (+284%, P = 0.05) was observed 3 h after HIIE and resolved within 24 h. This response was substantially attenuated by Cordyceps supplementation. Moreover, we observed increases in CD34+ cells at 24 h post-exercise, notably accelerated by Cordyceps supplementation to 3 h (+51%, P = 0.002). This earlier response contributed to a four-fold expansion in Pax7+ cell count, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence double staining (CD34+/Pax7+) (P = 0.01). In conclusion, our results provide the first human evidence demonstrating the accelerated resolution of exercise-induced muscle damage by Cordyceps supplementation. This effect is associated with earlier stem cell recruitment into the damaged sites for muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luthfia Dewi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Nutrition, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Yu-Chieh Liao
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Horng Jean
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Far East Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd, Banciao Dist., New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital (Managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Nicholls
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Fan Lai
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg VA, USA
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2
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Li Z, Zhang X. Assessing human internal exposure to chemicals at different physical activity levels: A physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model incorporating metabolic equivalent of task (MET). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108312. [PMID: 37956621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity levels have the potential to impact human internal exposure to environmental chemicals. However, the current lack of simple modeling approaches hinders the high-throughput screening of chemical exposure at different physical activity levels. To address this gap, this study proposes a straightforward model for assessing human internal exposure to chemicals. Our approach is based on the physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model and utilizes the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) to characterize internal exposure to chemicals at varying activity levels. To facilitate the application of this model, we have developed an Excel-based operation tool, allowing users to easily modify the MET value and generate simulation results for different physical activity levels. The simulation results demonstrate that as physical activity levels increase, the biotransfer factors (BTFs) of chemicals decrease, suggesting that higher physical activity levels reduce the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. The intensified physical activity enhances the overall elimination kinetics of chemicals from the human body. However, the simulated concentrations of chemicals in the human body increase with higher physical activity levels, due to the significantly increased external exposure to chemicals, such as through inhalation. Our proposed modeling approach, along with the operational tool, enables high-throughput simulation of human chronic internal exposure to chemicals at different physical activity levels, where the findings can assist in screening chemicals for further health risk assessment. To accomplish this, the model incorporates certain assumptions and utilizes generic model input values. However, due to the intricate nature of the interaction between external and internal exposures at different physical activity levels, validating the simulation through experimental studies becomes challenging and is not performed in this study. For future studies, we recommend incorporating more MET-related physiological input variables, improving energy balance estimates, comprehending external exposure estimates, and conducting cohort studies to enhance and validate the proposed modeling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
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Laginestra FG, Berg OK, Nyberg SK, Venturelli M, Wang E, Helgerud J. Stroke volume response during prolonged exercise depends on left ventricular filling: evidence from a β-blockade study. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R154-R163. [PMID: 37306400 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged moderate-intensity exercise leads to a progressive upward drift in heart rate (HR) that may compromise stroke volume (SV). Alternatively, the HR drift may be related to abated SV due to impaired ventricular function. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cardiovascular drift on left ventricular volumes and in turn SV. Thirteen healthy young males completed two 60-min cycling bouts on a semirecumbent cycle ergometer at 57% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) either under placebo condition (CON) or after ingesting a small dose of β1-blockers (BB). Measurements of HR, end-diastolic volume (EDV), and end-systolic volume were obtained by echocardiography and used to calculate SV. Other variables such as ear temperature, skin temperature, blood pressure, and blood volume were measured to assess potential changes in thermoregulatory needs and loading conditions. HR drift was successfully prevented when using BB from min 10 to min 60 (128 ± 9 to 126 ± 8 beats/min, P = 0.29) but not in CON (134 ± 10 to 148 ± 10 beats/min, P < 0.01). Conversely, during the same time, SV increased by 13% when using BB (103 ± 9 to 116 ± 7 mL, P < 0.01), whereas it was unchanged in CON (99 ± 7 to 101 ± 9 mL, P = 0.37). The SV behavior was mediated by a 4% increase in EDV in the BB condition (164 ± 18 to 170 ± 18 mL, P < 0.01), whereas no change was observed in the CON condition (162 ± 18 to 160 ± 18 mL, P = 0.23). In conclusion, blocking HR drift enhances EDV and SV during prolonged exercise. These findings suggest that SV behavior is tightly related to filling time and loading conditions of the left ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Giuseppe Laginestra
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ole Kristian Berg
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Stian Kwak Nyberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eivind Wang
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
- Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Helgerud
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
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Kirsch M, Feriel M, Aurelia LT, Oksana K, Christophe BJ, François L, Pascal C, Vitiello D, Marie-Christine I. Impact of training on combined cardiopulmonary exercise test with stress echocardiography parameters in HFrEF patients. Int J Cardiol 2023; 371:252-258. [PMID: 36162522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is recognized to improve quality of life in heart failure patients. However, the effects on the cardiac function are understudied. The main objective was to assess the impact of a 4-week cardiac rehabilitation program on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) combined with simultaneous echocardiography parameters in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. The secondary aim was to investigate patients' responses to training. METHODS Forty-one CHF patients with reduced ejection fraction (29.3 ± 0.1%) underwent CPET and stress echocardiography before and after a 4-week of exercise-training program. Blood parameters, echocardiography and cardiopulmonary parameters were assessed before and after training. Potential echocardiography derived predictive parameters like left and right contractile reserves, left ventricle elastance, end systolic volume and right ventricle S wave response to exercise were also assessed. RESULTS The training program increased the peak oxygen consumption (VO2) (P < 0.001), the peak systolic blood pressure, the left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (P < 0.05) and the circulatory (P < 0.001) and ventilatory (P < 0.01) powers. It also decreased the VE/VCO2 slope (P < 0.001). As the median value of peak VO2 gain was 17%, patients above this value were considered as responders and patients below as non-responders to training. The responders presented a higher left ventricle contractile reserve compared to non-responder patients. The peak left ventricle elastance and peak right ventricle S wave response tended to be higher in responders. CONCLUSION Combination of CPET and stress echocardiography may contribute to establish the disease severity stratification and to predict response to training in CHF patients with reduced ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Kirsch
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des Sciences du Sport Santé de Paris (I3SP), URP 3625, Paris, France
| | - Moatemri Feriel
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Hôpital Corentin Celton, APHP Centre, France
| | - Lamar Tanguy Aurelia
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Hôpital Corentin Celton, APHP Centre, France
| | - Kovalska Oksana
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Hôpital Corentin Celton, APHP Centre, France
| | - Blanchard Jean Christophe
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Hôpital Corentin Celton, APHP Centre, France
| | - Ledru François
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Hôpital Corentin Celton, APHP Centre, France
| | - Cristofini Pascal
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Hôpital Corentin Celton, APHP Centre, France
| | - Damien Vitiello
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des Sciences du Sport Santé de Paris (I3SP), URP 3625, Paris, France.
| | - Iliou Marie-Christine
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des Sciences du Sport Santé de Paris (I3SP), URP 3625, Paris, France; Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Hôpital Corentin Celton, APHP Centre, France
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Takagi S, Katsumura T, Sakamoto S. Relationship Between Muscle Deoxygenation and Cardiac Output in Subjects Without Attenuation of Deoxygenation Hemoglobin Concentration Near the End of Ramp Cycling Exercise: A Longitudinal Study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1438:153-157. [PMID: 37845454 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42003-0_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between the slopes of systemic and quadriceps muscle O2 dynamics in subjects without attenuation point in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration at vastus lateralis (APdeoxy-Hb@VL) during high-intensity cycling. Seven young men without APdeoxy-Hb@VL performed ramp cycling exercise until exhaustion before and after 8 weeks, while continuing recreational physical activities throughout that period. Muscle O2 saturation (SmO2) and deoxy-Hb were monitored at the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) by near infrared spectroscopy oximetry during exercise. Cardiac output (CO) was also continuously assessed. During high-intensity exercise, at VL, a significantly steeper slope of deoxy-Hb was found after 8 weeks compared with before, while the slopes of deoxy-Hb at RF were not significantly changed. Though a decrease in the slope of CO after 8 weeks did not reach significance (p = 0.12), the change in the slope of CO was significantly related to the change in the slopes of deoxy-Hb at VL (rs = -0.89, p < 0.01) and RF (rs = -0.86, p < 0.05). Our data reinforces the idea that, in subjects without APdeoxy-Hb@VL, the slope of muscle deoxygenation at VL during high-intensity cycling exercise may partly be explained by systemic O2 supply, rather than O2 balance in other thigh muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Takagi
- Faculty of Education and Welfare, Biwako-Gakuin University, Higashiomi, Shiga, Japan.
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshihito Katsumura
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport Science, Surugadai University, Hanno, Saitama, Japan
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Nyberg M, Jones AM. Matching of O2 Utilization and O2 Delivery in Contracting Skeletal Muscle in Health, Aging, and Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:898395. [PMID: 35774284 PMCID: PMC9237395 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the most dynamic metabolic organs as evidenced by increases in metabolic rate of >150-fold from rest to maximal contractile activity. Because of limited intracellular stores of ATP, activation of metabolic pathways is required to maintain the necessary rates of ATP re-synthesis during sustained contractions. During the very early phase, phosphocreatine hydrolysis and anaerobic glycolysis prevails but as activity extends beyond ∼1 min, oxidative phosphorylation becomes the major ATP-generating pathway. Oxidative metabolism of macronutrients is highly dependent on the cardiovascular system to deliver O2 to the contracting muscle fibres, which is ensured through a tight coupling between skeletal muscle O2 utilization and O2 delivery. However, to what extent O2 delivery is ideal in terms of enabling optimal metabolic and contractile function is context-dependent and determined by a complex interaction of several regulatory systems. The first part of the review focuses on local and systemic mechanisms involved in the regulation of O2 delivery and how integration of these influences the matching of skeletal muscle O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the second part, alterations in cardiovascular function and structure associated with aging and heart failure, and how these impact metabolic and contractile function, will be addressed. Where applicable, the potential of exercise training to offset/reverse age- and disease-related cardiovascular declines will be highlighted in the context of skeletal muscle metabolic function. The review focuses on human data but also covers animal observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nyberg
- Vascular Biology, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Michael Nyberg,
| | - Andrew M. Jones
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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7
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Systemic and Quadriceps Muscle O2 Dynamics in Subjects Without Attenuation Point of Deoxygenated Haemoglobin Concentration During Ramp Cycling Exercise. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1395:429-434. [PMID: 36527674 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14190-4_70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare systemic and quadriceps muscle O2 dynamics between aerobic capacity-matched subjects without (NAP; n = 5) and with (CON; n = 13) attenuation point in deoxygenated haemoglobin concentration (deoxy-Hb) at vastus lateralis (APdeoxy-Hb@VL) during ramp cycling exercise. Muscle O2 saturation (SmO2) and deoxy-Hb were monitored at the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) by spatial resolved near infrared spectroscopy during exercise. Cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary O2 uptake (VO2) were also continuously measured. During high-intensity exercise, in NAP, steeper slopes of both deoxy-Hb and SmO2 were found at VM, similar to VL muscle. Additionally, at RF, the slope of deoxy-Hb was steeper in NAP than CON. While the slope of pulmonary VO2 was similar between groups, the slope of CO was shallower in NAP than CON. During moderate intensity exercise, the slopes of all variables were similar between groups. These results suggest that the slope of muscle deoxygenation was enhanced not only in VL but also other thigh muscles in NAP, compared to CON. Because the slope of CO was associated with the slope of SmO2 and deoxy-Hb at VL during high-intensity exercise, the differences in subjects with and without APdeoxy-Hb@VL may be partly explained by systemic O2 supply, rather than O2 balance in the other quadriceps muscles.
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Mielgo-Ayuso J, Pietrantonio L, Viribay A, Calleja-González J, González-Bernal J, Fernández-Lázaro D. Effect of Acute and Chronic Oral l-Carnitine Supplementation on Exercise Performance Based on the Exercise Intensity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:4359. [PMID: 34959912 PMCID: PMC8704793 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Carnitine (l-C) and any of its forms (glycine-propionyl l-Carnitine (GPL-C) or l-Carnitine l-tartrate (l-CLT)) has been frequently recommended as a supplement to improve sports performance due to, among others, its role in fat metabolism and in maintaining the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio. The main aim of the present systematic review was to determine the effects of oral l-C supplementation on moderate- (50-79% V˙O2 max) and high-intensity (≥80% V˙O2 max) exercise performance and to show the effective doses and ideal timing of its intake. A structured search was performed according to the PRISMA® statement and the PICOS guidelines in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases, including selected data obtained up to 24 October 2021. The search included studies where l-C or glycine-propionyl l-Carnitine (GPL-C) supplementation was compared with a placebo in an identical situation and tested its effects on high and/or low-moderate performance. The trials that used the supplementation of l-C together with additional supplements were eliminated. There were no applied filters on physical fitness level, race, or age of the participants. The methodological quality of studies was evaluated by the McMaster Critical Review Form. Of the 220 articles obtained, 11 were finally included in this systematic review. Six studies used l-C, while three studies used l-CLT, and two others combined the molecule propionyl l-Carnitine (PL-C) with GPL-C. Five studies analyzed chronic supplementation (4-24 weeks) and six studies used an acute administration (<7 days). The administration doses in this chronic supplementation varied from 1 to 3 g/day; in acute supplementation, oral l-C supplementation doses ranged from 3 to 4 g. On the one hand, the effects of oral l-C supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance variables were analyzed in nine studies. Four of them measured the effects of chronic supplementation (lower rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after 30 min at 80% V˙O2 max on cycle ergometer and higher work capacity in "all-out" tests, peak power in a Wingate test, and the number of repetitions and volume lifted in leg press exercises), and five studies analyzed the effects of acute supplementation (lower RPE after graded exercise test on the treadmill until exhaustion and higher peak and average power in the Wingate cycle ergometer test). On the other hand, the effects of l-C supplementation on moderate exercise performance variables were observed in six studies. Out of those, three measured the effect of an acute supplementation, and three described the effect of a chronic supplementation, but no significant improvements on performance were found. In summary, l-C supplementation with 3 to 4 g ingested between 60 and 90 min before testing or 2 to 2.72 g/day for 9 to 24 weeks improved high-intensity exercise performance. However, chronic or acute l-C or GPL-C supplementation did not present improvements on moderate exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Laura Pietrantonio
- Faculty of Sport Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Aitor Viribay
- Glut4Science, Physiology, Nutrition and Sport, 01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, 01007 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Jerónimo González-Bernal
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Soria, University of Valladolid, 42003 Soria, Spain;
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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9
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Petek BJ, Churchill TW, Sawalla Guseh J, Loomer G, Gustus SK, Lewis GD, Weiner RB, Baggish AL, Wasfy MM. Utility of the oxygen pulse in the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease in physically fit patients. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15105. [PMID: 34767313 PMCID: PMC8587175 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) guidelines recommend analysis of the oxygen (O2 ) pulse for a late exercise plateau in evaluation for obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD). However, whether this O2 pulse trajectory is within the range of normal has been debated, and the diagnostic performance of the O2 pulse for OCAD in physically fit individuals, in whom V ˙ O 2 may be more likely to plateau, has not been evaluated. Using prospectively collected data from a sports cardiology program, patients were identified who were free of other cardiac disease and underwent clinically-indicated CPET within 90 days of invasive or computed tomography coronary angiography. The diagnostic performance of quantitative O2 pulse metrics (late exercise slope, proportional change in slope during late exercise) and qualitative assessment for O2 pulse plateau to predict OCAD was assessed. Among 104 patients (age:56 ± 12 years, 30% female, peak V ˙ O 2 119 ± 34% predicted), the diagnostic performance for OCAD (n = 24,23%) was poor for both quantitative and qualitative metrics reflecting an O2 pulse plateau (late exercise slope: AUC = 0.55, sensitivity = 68%, specificity = 41%; proportional change in slope: AUC = 0.55, sensitivity = 91%, specificity = 18%; visual plateau/decline: AUC = 0.51, sensitivity = 33%, specificity = 67%). When O2 pulse parameters were added to the electrocardiogram, the change in AUC was minimal (-0.01 to +0.02, p ≥ 0.05). Those patients without OCAD with a plateau or decline in O2 pulse were fitter than those with linear augmentation (peak V ˙ O 2 133 ± 31% vs. 114 ± 36% predicted, p < 0.05) and had a longer exercise ramp time (9.5 ± 3.2 vs. 8.0 ± 2.5 min, p < 0.05). Overall, a plateau in O2 pulse was not a useful predictor of OCAD in a physically fit population, indicating that the O2 pulse should be integrated with other CPET parameters and may reflect a physiologic limitation of stroke volume and/or O2 extraction during intense exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Petek
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy W Churchill
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Sawalla Guseh
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Garrett Loomer
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah K Gustus
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rory B Weiner
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meagan M Wasfy
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Vardarli E, Satiroglu R, Allen JR, Bjellquist-Ledger R, Burton HM, Coyle EF. Physiological responses to maximal 4 s sprint interval cycling using inertial loading: the influence of inter-sprint recovery duration. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2295-2304. [PMID: 33974126 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interval exercise allows very high-power outputs to be maintained, a key for stimulating training adaptations. The main purpose of this study was to develop a sprint interval protocol that stimulated both anaerobic and aerobic systems while maximizing power output and minimizing fatigue. The secondary goal was to investigate the influence of inter-sprint recovery duration. METHODS Sixteen (8 females) participants (age: 23.5 ± 3.4 years, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak): 45.6 ± 9.2 ml kg-1 min-1) took part in this study. The exercise protocol involved 30 bouts of 4 s maximal cycling sprints using an 'Inertial Load Ergometer'. Recovery durations between sprints of 15, 30 and 45 s were studied in three trials. RESULTS Peak power output (PPO) was maintained while taking 45 and 30 s of recovery, although it was 9% higher (p < 0.05) during 45 vs. 30 s. PPO with 15 s recovery declined 18% (p < 0.05) and then stabilized as did oxygen consumption (72±2% VO2peak) at a level that might reflect the peak rate of ATP-PC resynthesis from oxidative metabolism. The 15-, 30-, and 45 s trials elicited 72, 56, and 49% VO2peak and 86, 80, and 75% of maximal heart rate (all p<0.001). Perceived exertion increased with shorter recovery periods but remained at 12.6-14.7 and never became 'very hard'. CONCLUSION The present study describes the use of an inertial-load ergometer to accommodate repeated 4 s maximal cycling sprints that elicit 72% VO2peak when the recovery period is 15 s. However, a recovery duration of 15 s was insufficient for the maintenance of power generation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE NCT04448925, 26 Jun 2020; retrospectively registered to clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Vardarli
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, One University Station, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Remzi Satiroglu
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, One University Station, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jacob R Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, One University Station, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ryan Bjellquist-Ledger
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, One University Station, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Heath M Burton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, One University Station, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Edward F Coyle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, One University Station, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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11
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Kato T, Matsumoto T, Yamashiro SM. Effect of 3% CO2 inhalation on respiratory exchange ratio and cardiac output during constant work-rate exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:175-182. [PMID: 32734753 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine whether the decrease in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during constant work-rate exercise (CWE) with 3% carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) inhalation could be caused by the combination of the decrease in CO<inf>2</inf> output (V̇CO<inf>2</inf>) and the increase in oxygen uptake (V̇O<inf>2</inf>). In addition, we investigated the effect of 3% CO<inf>2</inf> inhalation on cardiac output (Q̇) during CWE. METHODS Seven males (V̇O<inf>2max</inf>: 44.1±6.4 mL/min/kg) carried out transitions from low-load cycling (baseline; 40w) to light intensity exercise (45% V̇O<inf>2 max</inf>; 89.3±12.5 W) and heavy intensity exercise (80% V̇O<inf>2max</inf>; 186.5±20.2 W) while inhaling normal air (Air) or an enriched CO<inf>2</inf> gas (3% CO<inf>2</inf>, 21% O<inf>2</inf>, balance N<inf>2</inf>). Each exercise session was 6 min, and respiratory responses by Douglas bag technique and cardiac responses by thoracic bio-impedance method were measured during the experiment. RESULTS Ventilation for 3% CO<inf>2</inf> was higher than for air through the experiment (P<0.05). Steady and non-steady state RER and V̇CO<inf>2</inf> for 3% CO<inf>2</inf> were less than for air in both light and heavy intensities (P<0.05), but V̇O<inf>2</inf> and Q̇ did not differ between the two conditions. CONCLUSIONS 3% CO<inf>2</inf> inhalation induced the decrease in RER during CWE at light and heavy intensities, which was due to the decrease in V̇CO<inf>2</inf>. The promoted ventilation with 3% CO<inf>2</inf> did not lead to the increase in V̇O<inf>2</inf>. Moreover, 3% CO<inf>2</inf> inhalation did not affect Q̇ during CWE at light and heavy intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Kato
- Department of General Education, National Institute of Technology, Toyota College, Toyota, Japan -
| | - Takaaki Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Stanley M Yamashiro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Cheng HY, Frise MC, Curtis MK, Bart NK, Petousi N, Talbot NP, Balanos GM, Robbins PA, Dorrington KL. Intravenous iron delivers a sustained (8-week) lowering of pulmonary artery pressure during exercise in healthy older humans. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14164. [PMID: 31270967 PMCID: PMC6610221 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In older individuals, pulmonary artery pressure rises markedly during exercise, probably due in part to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and in part to an increase in left-heart filling pressure. Older individuals also show more marked pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia at rest. Treatment with intravenous iron reduces the rise in pulmonary artery pressure observed during hypoxia. Here, we test the hypothesis that intravenous iron administration may also attenuate the rise in pulmonary artery pressure with exercise in older individuals. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled physiology study in 32 healthy participants aged 50-80 years, we explored the hypothesis that iron administration would deliver a fall in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) during moderate cycling exercise (20 min duration; increase in heart rate of 30 min-1 ) and a change in maximal cycling exercise capacity ( V ˙ O 2 m a x ). Participants were studied before, and at 3 h to 8 weeks after, infusion. SPAP was measured using Doppler echocardiography. Iron administration resulted in marked changes in indices of iron homeostasis over 8 weeks, but no significant change in hemoglobin concentration or inflammatory markers. Resting SPAP was also unchanged, but SPAP during exercise was lower by ~3 mmHg in those receiving iron (P < 0.0001). This effect persisted for 8 weeks. Although V ˙ O 2 m a x remained unaffected in the iron-replete healthy participants studied here, this study demonstrates for the first time the ability of intravenous iron supplementation to reduce systolic pulmonary artery pressure during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Frise
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Kate Curtis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole K Bart
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nayia Petousi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nick P Talbot
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George M Balanos
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A Robbins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith L Dorrington
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Gmada N, Al-Hadabi B, Haj Sassi R, Abdel Samia B, Bouhlel E. Relationship between oxygen pulse and arteriovenous oxygen difference in healthy subjects: Effect of exercise intensity. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Forbregd TR, Aloyseus MA, Berg A, Greve G. Cardiopulmonary Capacity in Children During Exercise Testing: The Differences Between Treadmill and Upright and Supine Cycle Ergometry. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1440. [PMID: 31849698 PMCID: PMC6897055 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Hypothesis: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is used in the assessment of function and prognosis of cardiopulmonary health in children with cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Techniques, such as cardiac MRi, and PET-scan, can be performed simultaneously with exercise testing. Thus, it is desirable to have a broader knowledge about children’s normal cardiopulmonary function in different body postures and exercise modalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different body positions on cardiopulmonary function in healthy subjects performing CPETs. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one healthy children aged 9, 12, and 15 years did four CPETs: one treadmill test with a modified Bruce protocol and three different bicycle tests with different body postures, sitting, tilted 45°, and lying flat (0°). For the bicycle tests, a 20-watt ramp protocol with a pedal frequency of 60 ± 5 rotations per minute was used. Continous ECG and breath-by-breath V.O2 measurements was done throughout the tests. Cardiac structure and function including aortic diameter were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography prior to the tests. Doppler measurements of the blood velocity in the ascending aorta were measured prior to and during the test. Prior to every test, the participants performed pulmonary function tests with maximum voluntary ventilation test. Results: There is a significantly (p < 0.05) lower peak V.O2 in all bicycle tests compared with the treadmill test. There is lower corrected peak V.O2 (ml kg−0.67 min−1), but not relative peak V.O2 (ml kg−1 min−1), in the supine compared with the upright bicycle test. There are no differences in peak stroke volume or cardiac output between the bicycle modalities when calculated from aortic blood flow. Peak heart rate decreases from both treadmill to upright bicycle and from upright bicycle to the supine test (0°). Conclusion: There are no differences in peak cardiac output between the upright bicycle test and supine bicycle tests. Heart rate and corrected peak V.O2 are lower in the supine test (0°) than the upright bicycle test. In the treadmill test, it is a higher absolute and relative peak V.O2. Despite the latter differences, we are convinced that both upright and supine bicycle tests are apt in the clinical setting when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ansgar Berg
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gottfried Greve
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Santos LMH, Novaes APLD, Dantas FMDNA, Ribeiro LC, Castro CMMBD, França EETD. Acute effect of passive cycloergometry on the cardiovascular system and respiratory mechanics of critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.032.ao32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: The rehabilitation of critical patients usually occurs in the bed and is classified as low cardiovascular intensity. Therefore, it is essential to understand the physiological effects of these resources that we apply in clinical practice. Objective: Evaluate the acute effect of passive cycloergometry of lower limbs on respiratory mechanics and cardiovascular parameters in critically ill patients. Method: This was a labeled, randomized, controlled trial conducted in two intensive care units in the city of Recife, between August 2016 and May 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: (i) passive cycloergometry group (n = 16), where the patient performed a lower limb cycloergometry session for 20 minutes, and (ii) control group (n = 14), where the patient did not perform any therapeutic intervention, except during the application of the protocol. Cardiovascular parameters and respiratory mechanics were evaluated before, during and after their applicability. Results: No demographic differences were found between the two groups, showing the homogeneity between them. Regarding cardiovascular parameters, there were no differences between groups before, during and after the protocol. Regarding respiratory mechanics, there was a slight elevation of the resistance of the respiratory system in the cycloergometry group and a reduction of the same in the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that passive cycloergometry applied to the critical patient did not promote significant cardiovascular changes and respiratory mechanics, being considered a safe and effective technique in clinical practice that can be applied without causing harm to patients under mechanical ventilation.
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16
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Medrinal C, Combret Y, Prieur G, Robledo Quesada A, Bonnevie T, Gravier FE, Dupuis Lozeron E, Frenoy E, Contal O, Lamia B. Comparison of exercise intensity during four early rehabilitation techniques in sedated and ventilated patients in ICU: a randomised cross-over trial. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:110. [PMID: 29703223 PMCID: PMC5923017 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the ICU, out-of-bed rehabilitation is often delayed and in-bed exercises are generally low-intensity. Since the majority of rehabilitation is carried out in bed, it is essential to carry out the exercises that have the highest intensity. The aim of this study was to compare the physiological effects of four common types of bed exercise in intubated, sedated patients confined to bed in the ICU, in order to determine which was the most intensive. METHODS A randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of four bed exercises (passive range of movements (PROM), passive cycle-ergometry, quadriceps electrical stimulation and functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling) on cardiac output. Each exercise was carried out for ten minutes in ventilated, sedated patients. Cardiac output was recorded using cardiac Doppler ultrasound. The secondary aims were to evaluate right heart function and pulmonary and systemic artery pressures during the exercises, and the microcirculation of the vastus lateralis muscle. RESULTS The results were analysed in 19 patients. FES cycling was the only exercise that increased cardiac output, with a mean increase of 1 L/min (15%). There was a concomitant increase in muscle oxygen uptake, suggesting that muscle work occurred. FES cycling thus constitutes an effective early rehabilitation intervention. No muscle or systemic effects were induced by the passive techniques. CONCLUSION Most bed exercises were low-intensity and induced low levels of muscle work. FES cycling was the only exercise that increased cardiac output and produced sufficient intensity of muscle work. Longer-term studies of the effect of FES cycling on functional outcomes should be carried out. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02920684 . Registered on 30 September 2016. Prospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Medrinal
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UPRES EA3830 - GRHV, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France. .,Intensive Care Unit Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Jacques Monod, Pierre Mendes France, 76290, Montivilliers, France.
| | - Yann Combret
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL & Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Physiotherapy Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, avenue Pierre Mendes France, 76290, Montivilliers, France
| | - Guillaume Prieur
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Jacques Monod, Pierre Mendes France, 76290, Montivilliers, France
| | - Aurora Robledo Quesada
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Jacques Monod, Pierre Mendes France, 76290, Montivilliers, France
| | - Tristan Bonnevie
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830 - GRHV, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France.,ADIR Association, Bois Guillaume, France
| | | | - Elise Dupuis Lozeron
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Frenoy
- Intensive Care Unit Department Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Jacques Monod, 76290, Montivilliers, France
| | - Olivier Contal
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), avenue de Beaumont, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bouchra Lamia
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830 - GRHV, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Respiratory Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Pulmonology Department, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, avenue Pierre Mendes France, 76290, Montivilliers, France
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17
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Schmidt T, Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Mommertz S, Hannig M, Schulte-Eistrup S, Willemsen D, Reiss N. Changes in Total Cardiac Output and Oxygen Extraction During Exercise in Patients Supported With an HVAD Left Ventricular Assist Device. Artif Organs 2018; 42:686-694. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmidt
- Schüchtermann-Klinik Bad Rothenfelde, Bad Rothenfelde; Cologne Germany
- Department for Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport and Exercise Medicine; Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Birna Bjarnason-Wehrens
- Department for Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport and Exercise Medicine; Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | | | - Meike Hannig
- Schüchtermann-Klinik Bad Rothenfelde, Bad Rothenfelde; Cologne Germany
| | | | - Detlev Willemsen
- Schüchtermann-Klinik Bad Rothenfelde, Bad Rothenfelde; Cologne Germany
| | - Nils Reiss
- Schüchtermann-Klinik Bad Rothenfelde, Bad Rothenfelde; Cologne Germany
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18
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Impact of polyphenol antioxidants on cycling performance and cardiovascular function. Nutrients 2014; 6:1273-92. [PMID: 24667134 PMCID: PMC3967193 DOI: 10.3390/nu6031273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This investigation sought to determine if supplementation with polyphenol antioxidant (PA) improves exercise performance in the heat (31.5 °C, 55% RH) by altering the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses to exercise. Twelve endurance trained athletes ingested PA or placebo (PLAC) for 7 days. Consecutive days of exercise testing were performed at the end of the supplementation periods. Cardiovascular and thermoregulatory measures were made during exercise. Performance, as measured by a 10 min time trial (TT) following 50 min of moderate intensity cycling, was not different between treatments (PLAC: 292 ± 33 W and PA: 279 ± 38 W, p = 0.12). Gross efficiency, blood lactate, maximal neuromuscular power, and ratings of perceived exertion were also not different between treatments. Similarly, performance on the second day of testing, as assessed by time to fatigue at maximal oxygen consumption, was not different between treatments (PLAC; 377 ± 117 s vs. PA; 364 ± 128 s, p = 0.61). Cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses to exercise were not different between treatments on either day of exercise testing. Polyphenol antioxidant supplementation had no impact on exercise performance and did not alter the cardiovascular or thermoregulatory responses to exercise in the heat.
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19
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Munch GDW, Svendsen JH, Damsgaard R, Secher NH, González-Alonso J, Mortensen SP. Maximal heart rate does not limit cardiovascular capacity in healthy humans: insight from right atrial pacing during maximal exercise. J Physiol 2013; 592:377-90. [PMID: 24190933 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.262246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, maximal aerobic power (VO2 max ) is associated with a plateau in cardiac output (Q), but the mechanisms regulating the interplay between maximal heart rate (HRmax) and stroke volume (SV) are unclear. To evaluate the effect of tachycardia and elevations in HRmax on cardiovascular function and capacity during maximal exercise in healthy humans, 12 young male cyclists performed incremental cycling and one-legged knee-extensor exercise (KEE) to exhaustion with and without right atrial pacing to increase HR. During control cycling, Q and leg blood flow increased up to 85% of maximal workload (WLmax) and remained unchanged until exhaustion. SV initially increased, plateaued and then decreased before exhaustion (P < 0.05) despite an increase in right atrial pressure (RAP) and a tendency (P = 0.056) for a reduction in left ventricular transmural filling pressure (LVFP). Atrial pacing increased HRmax from 184 ± 2 to 206 ± 3 beats min(-1) (P < 0.05), but Q remained similar to the control condition at all intensities because of a lower SV and LVFP (P < 0.05). No differences in arterial pressure, peripheral haemodynamics, catecholamines or VO2 were observed, but pacing increased the rate pressure product and RAP (P < 0.05). Atrial pacing had a similar effect on haemodynamics during KEE, except that pacing decreased RAP. In conclusion, the human heart can be paced to a higher HR than observed during maximal exercise, suggesting that HRmax and myocardial work capacity do not limit VO2 max in healthy individuals. A limited left ventricular filling and possibly altered contractility reduce SV during atrial pacing, whereas a plateau in LVFP appears to restrict Q close to VO2 max .
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Affiliation(s)
- G D W Munch
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Section 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Yu YB, Liao YW, Su KH, Chang TM, Shyue SK, Kou YR, Lee TS. Prior exercise training alleviates the lung inflammation induced by subsequent exposure to environmental cigarette smoke. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:532-40. [PMID: 22448892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Environmental cigarette smoke (CS) contains many compounds that are harmful to the respiratory system and lead to chronic lung inflammation and other lung diseases. Exercise training is known to confer protection against diseases with chronic inflammation by reducing inflammatory response in human or experimental animals. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of exercise training against lung inflammation induced by environmental CS. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, two groups of mice received air exposure with (the exercise group) or without (the control group) exercise training for 8 weeks and another two groups received air exposure for the first 4 weeks and CS exposure for the following 4 weeks with (the exercise+CS group) or without (the CS group) exercise training for 8 weeks. As compared with lung tissues of control and exercise groups, those of the CS group showed significantly increased bronchoalveolar-capillary permeability, inflammatory cell infiltration, epithelial thickening, expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, mucin 2, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and activation of NF-κB. These CS-induced pathophysiologic consequences were largely prevented in the exercise + CS group. CONCLUSION Collectively, prior exercise training may protect against lung inflammation induced by environmental CS in mice by attenuating the activation of NF-κB and the production of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y.-W. Liao
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - K.-H. Su
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - T.-M. Chang
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - S.-K. Shyue
- Cardiovascular Division; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Y. R. Kou
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
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21
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Fähling M, Persson PB. Oxygen sensing, uptake, delivery, consumption and related disorders. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:191-3. [PMID: 22520692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fähling
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - P. B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin; Germany
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