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McCready JE, Barboza T. Rodent Pediatrics. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2024; 27:193-219. [PMID: 38102043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the development, hand-rearing, feeding, housing, and social behavior of common pet rodent species (rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and degus). In addition, common gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, dermatologic, musculoskeletal, neurologic, and ophthalmic disorders in pediatric pet rodents are reviewed. Preventative care and indications for spaying and neutering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne E McCready
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Zoological Medicine Service, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, 2065 West Farm Road, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Trinita Barboza
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Zoological Companion Animal Service, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, USA
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Electrolyte, Oestradiol and Progesterone Concentrations in Ovarian Cyst Fluid in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus). J Comp Pathol 2022; 192:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Crosta L, Petrini D, Sawmy S. Reproduction Management of Herds/Flocks of Exotic Animals: Investigating Breeding Failures in Birds, Reptiles, and Small Mammals. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2021; 24:661-695. [PMID: 34366014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The management of a breeding facility of exotic species is challenging and managing these on a large scale can be a daunting task for general practitioners or novice exotic animal veterinarians. They are usually not trained to work with flocks or herds, and even most exotic animal veterinarians are used to working with single patients. This article gives some suggestions and tips on how to proceed when facing an exotic animal collection and especially when breeding is not as successful as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Crosta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Avian, Reptile and Exotic Pet Hospital, 415 Werombi Road, Camden, 2570 NSW, Australia.
| | - Daniele Petrini
- Medicina e Chirurgia Degli Animali Non Convenzionali, Segretario SIVAE
| | - Shivananden Sawmy
- Avian, Reptile and Exotic Pet Hospital, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney
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Abstract
Specialized veterinary care needed for geriatric rabbits, guinea pigs, and chinchillas is described along with medical conditions common in this age group. Clinical signs of pain, safe analgesics, therapeutics, and alternative modalities are outlined along with guidelines for end-of-life care and decision-making. A handout containing advice for small mammal herbivore clients with geriatric pets is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bradley Bays
- Belton Animal Clinic and Exotic Care Center, 1308 North Scott Avenue, Belton, MO 64012, USA.
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Zaheer OA, Beaufrère H. Treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McCready J, Beaufrère H, Singh A, Oblak M, Sanchez A. Laparoscopic ovariectomy in guinea pigs: A pilot study. Vet Surg 2019; 49 Suppl 1:O131-O137. [PMID: 31140640 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic ovariectomy in guinea pigs utilizing 3-mm minilaparoscopic instruments. STUDY DESIGN Experimental pilot study. ANIMALS Guinea pigs (n = 3). METHODS The guinea pigs were sedated, placed under general anesthesia, and intubated under endoscopic visualization. A 3-port technique was used with a 3.9-mm cannula for the endoscope and two 3.5-mm cannulas accommodating 3-mm endoscopic instruments including a 3-mm vessel sealing device, grasping forceps, and endoscopic scissors. The abdomen was insufflated with CO2 to a pressure of 6-8 mm Hg. The guinea pigs were manually tilted 90° laterally to visualize the dorsally positioned ovaries. RESULTS The procedure was successfully performed in all 3 animals. The surgery times were 120, 45, 45 minutes for the 3 guinea pigs, and anesthesia times were 186, 90, and 76 minutes, respectively. Placing the animals in complete lateral recumbency was found to be critical to visualize and manipulate the ovaries. The guinea pigs recovered smoothly from anesthesia. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic ovariectomy with 3-mm minilaparoscopic instrumentation using a 3-port technique was feasible in guinea pigs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Laparoscopic ovariectomy can be considered as an alternative to open ovariectomy as an elective surgical technique to prevent reproductive disorders in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne McCready
- Health Sciences Centre, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Sanchez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Genital Tract Pathology in Female Pet Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus): a Retrospective Study of 655 Post-mortem and 64 Biopsy Cases. J Comp Pathol 2018; 165:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kohutova S, Paninarova M, Škorič M, Jekl V, Knotek Z, Hauptman K. CYSTIC ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA AND BACTERIAL ENDOMETRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INTRAUTERINE FOREIGN BODY IN A GUINEA PIG WITH OVARIAN CYSTIC DISEASE. J Exot Pet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The clinical and pathological records of 44 domestic, female rabbits with an age ranging from 6-124 months (median age: 63.5 month) were assessed retrospectively for ovarian lesions. Included were all rabbits that underwent an ovariohysterectomy with a subsequent pathological examination of the genital tract between March 1997 and June 2016. Pathological examination revealed ovarian lesions in 12 of the 44 rabbits including follicular cysts (n=7), cystic rete ovarii (n=3), widespread ovarian necrosis with dystrophic calcification (n=2), ovarian adenoma (n=1). Clinical examination including radiographs only suggested ovarian disorders in two cases of ovarian necrosis with dystrophic calcification and in two cases of cystic rete ovarii. Clinical significance was only conclusive in a case of cystic rete ovarii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Albert Bertram
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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The presence of ovarian cysts in a captive Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus L. 1758). BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:240. [PMID: 28810859 PMCID: PMC5558751 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several pathological changes associated with reproductive systems of marine mammals have been reported in primary literature. However, no such records exist regarding ovarian cysts in the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus L. 1758). Case presentation A nulliparous female Antillean manatee, held in captivity at the Wroclaw Zoological Garden, died in April 2015. The animal was 370 cm long from nose to tail and weighed 670 kg. The width of manatee’s fluke was 80 cm. The post-mortem examination of the reproductive system showed the numerous pathological cysts on the external surface of the left and the right ovaries. Morphologically, the cysts had varying diameters and were attached to the ovaries by stalks. Some of the cysts were thin-walled and contained fluid, while several others were solid or contained a semi-solid mass. The structure of the ovaries displayed features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The cysts also exhibited positivity with cytokeratin and vimentin. There were no pathological changes within the uterus, uterine tube and vagina. Conclusion Although we were unable to definitively determine the exact source of the ovarian cysts in the studied manatee, we found that one of the causes may be age-related. Our study also revealed that ovarian cysts in the Antillean manatee form both types of corpora lutea (CL). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1164-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Miwa Y, Sladky KK. Small Mammals: Common Surgical Procedures of Rodents, Ferrets, Hedgehogs, and Sugar Gliders. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2016; 19:205-44. [PMID: 26611930 PMCID: PMC7128107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutsugu Miwa
- Miwa Exotic Animal Hospital, 1-25-5 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0003, Japan.
| | - Kurt K Sladky
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Endocrine tumours in the guinea pig. Vet J 2015; 206:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Ovarian cysts are nonfunctional, fluid-filled cysts that develop spontaneously near the ovaries throughout the female guinea pig's reproductive cycle, reducing fertility in females older than 15 months and causing potentially serious uterine disorders. Permanent treatment requires ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy. This article reviews the clinical signs, diagnosis, histopathology, treatment (including hormonal therapies), surgery, and postoperative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Pilny
- The Center for Avian/Exotic Medicine, 562 Columbus Avenue, New York, NY 10024, USA.
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Abstract
This article reviews ovarian cysts in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), a disease commonly associated with symmetric, nonpruritic alopecia of the dorsum and flanks. Relevant anatomy is discussed and current theories of pathogenesis are reviewed. Prevalence, predisposing factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Bean
- Pet Care Veterinary Hospital, 5201 Virginia Beach Boulevard, Virginia Beach, VA 23462, USA.
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Guinea Pigs. CLINICAL VETERINARY ADVISOR 2013. [PMCID: PMC7171464 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3969-3.00139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Guinea pigs and chinchillas, which have become increasingly popular pets, are today more commonly presented as adult and geriatric animals. Problems of older guinea pigs and chinchillas include those related to diet and management, infections whose symptoms are more common in older animals, and neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Jenkins
- Avian & Exotic Animal Hospital Inc, 2317 Hotel Circle South, Suite C, San Diego, CA 92108-3310, USA.
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Abstract
This article reviews breeds and coat colors of guinea pigs and chinchillas, their husbandry, care and anatomy. The unusual reproductive physiology and reproductive diseases of these animals are described. We cover nutrition, the potential for disease on poor diets, and the vocalization of hystricomorph rodents. Skills such as handling, sexing, blood collection and drug administration, including antibiotic toxicity are described. The conclusion lists recommended textbooks, pet owner manuals, and websites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Donnelly
- The Warren Institute, 712 Kitchawan Road, Ossining, NY 10562-1118, USA.
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