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Grahn B. Blepharitis and Neoplasms of the Canine Eyelid Margin and Skin. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:455-471. [PMID: 36813395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Canine eyelid masses (tumors) should include the differential clinical diagnoses of neoplasia and blepharitis. They have many common clinical signs including tumor, alopecia, and hyperemia. Biopsy and histologic examination remains the most effective diagnostic test to establish a confirmed diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Neoplasms are typically benign (tarsal gland adenomas, melanocytomas, and so forth) with the exception of lymphosarcoma. Blepharitis is noted in 2 age groups including dogs aged less than 1.5 years and middle aged to older dogs. Most blepharitis cases will respond to specific therapy once an accurate diagnosis is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Grahn
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Prairie Ocular Pathology Service, Prairie Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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2
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Aronson RJ, Pumphrey SA, Robinson N. Unilateral eosinophilic cellulitis leading to implant extrusion after bilateral enucleation in a dog. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05377. [PMID: 35140969 PMCID: PMC8811182 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A mixed breed dog underwent bilateral enucleation with orbital implant placement for secondary glaucoma. Subsequent unilateral implant extrusion occurred. An orbital mass histologically consistent with eosinophilic cellulitis was discovered. It may have developed secondary to communication between orbit and skin. Inflammatory processes mimicking neoplasia can cause implant loss post-enucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley J. Aronson
- The Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine1060 William Moore DriveRaleighNorth Carolina27607USA
| | - Stephanie A. Pumphrey
- The Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nicholas Robinson
- The Department of Biomedical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
bluebird bio60 Binney StreetCambridgeMassachusetts02142USA
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3
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Abstract
Severe oral inflammatory disease is not uncommon in the mouths of canine and feline patients. An approach to oral diagnosis is offered. This article discusses a brief review of important points in the oral diagnosis and management of main canine (canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CCUS), eosinophilic stomatitis, and Wegener's granulomatosis (WG)) and feline diseases (feline gingivostomatitis/caudal stomatitis, oral eosinophilic lesions, pyogenic granuloma, and autoimmune diseases with oral manifestations), and-whereby possible-information about the current understanding of disease pathogenesis and treatment is offered.
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4
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Colopy LJ, Shiu KB, Snyder LA, Avery AC, Rout ED, Moore AR. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2732-2738. [PMID: 31654456 PMCID: PMC6872619 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD), which affects many organ systems, has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity in human medicine for just over a decade but has not been previously identified in dogs. In humans, IgG4-RD is characterized by diffuse IgG4-positive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates that commonly lead to increased serum concentrations of IgG4 and IgE, peripheral eosinophilia, tumorous swellings that often include the parotid salivary glands, obliterative phlebitis, and extensive fibrosis. Herein we describe the diagnosis, clinical progression, and successful treatment of IgG4-RD in an 8-year-old female spayed Husky mixed breed dog. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with vague clinical signs, lymphoplasmacytic swellings, restricted polyclonal gammopathy, eosinophilia or some combination of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J Colopy
- Veterinary Emergency Service, Veterinary Specialty Center, Middleton, Wisconsin
| | - Kai-Biu Shiu
- Veterinary Emergency Service, Veterinary Specialty Center, Middleton, Wisconsin
| | - Laura A Snyder
- Veterinary Services, Marshfield Labs, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Emily D Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - A R Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Mendelsohn D, Lewis JR, Scott KI, Brown DC, Reiter AM. Clinicopathological Features, Risk Factors and Predispositions, and Response to Treatment of Eosinophilic Oral Disease in 24 Dogs (2000-2016). J Vet Dent 2019; 36:25-31. [PMID: 31138045 DOI: 10.1177/0898756419834785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to retrospectively describe clinicopathological features of eosinophilic oral disease in dogs, to identify possible risk factors or predispositions to the condition, and to report overall treatment response. Canine medical records from a veterinary teaching hospital and private referral practice over a 17-year period were reviewed for a diagnosis of eosinophilic oral disease. Twenty-four dogs with 26 lesions met the inclusion criteria. Patient mean age and body weight were 6.8 (3.8) years and 13.4 kg, respectively. Fifteen breeds were represented including Cavalier King Charles spaniel (16.7%), Labrador retriever (12.5%), and West Highland white terrier (12.5%). Eosinophilic lesions were found in the palate (65.4%), tongue (26.9%), and other oral locations (7.7%). Median follow-up time was 5 months. Analysis revealed statistically significant associations between lesion location and body weight (palatal and tongue lesions were more likely in smaller dogs, whereas lesions in the other category [lip or mucosa] were more likely in larger dogs). There was a correlation in lesion location and resolution (all dogs with palatal lesions became asymptomatic at their last recheck), and resolution and the use of antibiotics plus prednisone (greater likelihood of resolution without the use of this combination). Seventy percent of asymptomatic dogs resolved without medication or with allergen therapy alone, suggesting that asymptomatic dogs may respond well to conservative management. No associations were found between lesion location and breed, signalment and response to therapy, lesion resolution and the use of glucocorticoids, or significance of peripheral eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Mendelsohn
- 1 NorthStar Veterinary Emergency, Trauma and Specialty Center, Robbinsville, NJ, USA
| | - John R Lewis
- 2 Veterinary Dentistry Specialists, Chadds Ford, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander M Reiter
- 4 Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA IN TWO BLACK RHINOCEROS (DICEROS BICORNIS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2016; 47:855-861. [DOI: 10.1638/20015-0057.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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7
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Knight EC, Shipstone MA. Canine eosinophilic granuloma of the digits treated with prednisolone and chlorambucil. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:446-e119. [PMID: 27374751 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine eosinophilic granuloma (CEG) is an uncommon disease. Lesions are typically located in the oral cavity and other cutaneous sites, but are rarely reported to affect the digits. The majority of cases are treated with prednisolone as a monotherapy; alternative treatment options include corticosteroids administered in combination with azathioprine, antihistamines, electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, and surgical resection. Neither chlorambucil nor laser previously have been reported as treatments. OBJECTIVES To describe an alternative therapy for treatment of CEG; using chlorambucil in combination with prednisolone for those cases that fail to respond to prednisolone alone. The new treatment was chosen according to good clinical practice and after owner consent. ANIMALS Two client owned dogs. METHODS One case was initially treated with carbon dioxide laser to debulk the lesions. Both cases were treated with a combination of oral prednisolone and chlorambucil. RESULTS Both dogs experienced rapid resolution of lesions with prednisolone and chlorambucil therapy. Case 1 remained in remission three months after withdrawing medication. Case 2 experienced relapse 10 weeks after discontinuing therapy but was well controlled on maintenance prednisolone with chlorambucil at low, well tolerated doses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Although CEG appears to be an uncommon disease, it should be included as a differential diagnosis for dermal, nodular lesions affecting the digits. Chlorambucil appears to be an effective and well tolerated prednisolone sparing agent for treatment of CEG. Carbon dioxide laser ablation appears to be an effective method of debulking CEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evie C Knight
- Dermatology for Animals, 263 Appleby Road, Stafford, Queensland, 4053, Australia.
| | - Michael A Shipstone
- Dermatology for Animals, 263 Appleby Road, Stafford, Queensland, 4053, Australia
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Brellou GD, Kleinschmidt S, Meneses F, Nolte I, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Eosinophilic Granulomatous Gastroenterocolitis and Hepatitis in a 1-year-old Male Siberian Husky. Vet Pathol 2016; 43:1022-5. [PMID: 17099165 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-6-1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A case of eosinophilic granulomatous gastroenterocolitis and hepatitis in a 1-year-old male Siberian Husky is described. The dog presented with a history of diarrhea, weakness, lethargy, and anorexia of several months' duration. Hematologic and biochemical examinations, abdominal ultrasonography, computer tomography, and exploratory laparotomy were performed. Histopathologic examination of full-thickness biopsies from the gastrointestinal tract and liver revealed the presence of eosinophilic granulomatous lesions in the submucosa and tunica muscularis of stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon, and liver. infectious agents were not detected by light microscopic and electron microscopic examination or by immunohistochemistry. On the basis of the findings, it is concluded that the disease in this dog represents an unusual manifestation of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Brellou
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
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Adamama-Moraitou KK, Soubasis N, Pardali D, Psalla D, Papazoglou LG, Prassinos NN, Anagnostou TL, Rallis TS. Recurrent intraluminal eosinophilic tracheal granuloma in a Siberian husky. Vet Q 2015; 35:116-22. [PMID: 25702591 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1021493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina K Adamama-Moraitou
- a Companion Animal Clinic (Medicine Unit) , Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , St. Voutira 11 str. , 54627 , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Caniatti M, da Cunha NP, Avallone G, Romussi S, Mortellaro CM, Tranquillo V, Ghisleni G. Diagnostic accuracy of brush cytology in canine chronic intranasal disease. Vet Clin Pathol 2012; 41:133-40. [PMID: 22250805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cases of canine chronic intranasal disease cannot be differentiated based on clinical examination alone, and biopsy is often required for a definitive diagnosis. Nonsurgical cytologic and histologic biopsy techniques represent desirable diagnostic approaches. OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of brush cytology in differentiating non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases in dogs with chronic intranasal disease. METHODS Cytologic samples of lesions in dogs with chronic intranasal disease were obtained by brushing over a 12-year period. All dogs had complete physical examinations as well as radiographic, rhinoscopic, and cytologic evaluation. Histologic diagnosis, follow-up clinical information, or both were used as the gold standard, and dogs free of disease or with no progression of disease at 1 year were considered negative for neoplasia. Indicators of performance of brush cytology in detecting neoplasia were calculated and included sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio. RESULTS Samples of nasal brushings from 138 dogs were evaluated. Of 62 cases of neoplastic disease, true-positive and false-negative diagnoses were made using cytologic evaluation in 44 (71.0%) and 18 (29.0%) cases, respectively. False-negative diagnoses of neoplasia were not attributed to low cellularity, but to the presence of inflammatory cells that masked neoplastic cells. Brush cytology had a sensitivity of 0.71, specificity of 0.99, positive likelihood ratio of 53.94, negative likelihood ratio of 0.29, and diagnostic odds ratio of 188.33. CONCLUSIONS Brush cytology has good diagnostic accuracy for chronic intranasal lesions in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caniatti
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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