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Dittmer KE, Pemberton S. A Holistic Approach to Bone Tumors in Dogs and Cats: Radiographic and Histologic Correlation. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:841-857. [PMID: 33779406 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821999832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal system is a common site for neoplasia in dogs and cats, and primary bone tumors may develop from any of the mesenchymal tissues present in bone. Imaging and histopathology are routinely used in the diagnosis of bone tumors, and the 2 techniques are highly complementary. While imaging may be highly suggestive of a specific diagnosis and treatment may be instituted based on this, definitive diagnosis requires histopathology of either incisional or excisional biopsies or an amputation specimen. However, there are a number of diagnostic dilemmas when the pathologist interprets bone biopsy samples, such as distinguishing reactive bone and tumor bone, fracture callus and tumor bone, different benign fibro-osseous lesions, and different types of bone sarcoma. This review outlines the characteristic radiographic and histologic changes associated with these diagnostic problems to aid in resolving them. When a holistic approach is taken to evaluation of the signalment, history, and clinical, radiologic, and microscopic features, a diagnosis may be possible. The pathologist is greatly assisted in the interpretation of bone samples by having access to imaging and should routinely request either the images or the imaging reports if they are not received from submitting veterinarians.
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de Sousa FAB, Bianchi MV, Taunde PA, Bandinelli MB, Fett RR, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat with cardiac interventricular septal defect. J Vet Sci 2020; 20:e52. [PMID: 31565895 PMCID: PMC6769326 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old mixed-breed female cat was diagnosed with a ventricular septal defect of the heart through an echocardiogram. After a 9-month treatment, progressive and diffuse hard thickening of all limbs was observed, which on radiographic examinations, revealed a marked thickening of the long bones. The necropsy findings were limited to the appendicular skeleton and thoracic vertebrae, in addition to a severe cardiac interventricular septal defect and lung edema. The histological evaluation revealed severe replacement of the cortical bone by spongy bone in all bone fragments examined. This is the first report of hypertrophic osteopathy occurring in association with a cardiac malformation in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Auatt Batista de Sousa
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Viezzer Bianchi
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Augusto Taunde
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Marcele Bettim Bandinelli
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Rochana Rodrigues Fett
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
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Jenkins V, Henrique de Mello Souza C, de Lorimier LP, de Toledo-Piza E. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis with Pulmonary Metastasis and Paraneoplastic Hypertrophic Osteopathy in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2017; 53:277-280. [PMID: 28792794 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis was diagnosed by incisional biopsy of a penile mass in a 12 yr old intact male beagle dog presenting with hemorrhagic discharge from the prepuce. Penile amputation, orchiectomy with scrotal ablation, and scrotal urethrostomy were performed. Hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to pulmonary metastatic disease occurred 10 mo after the surgery. Palliative treatment with piroxicam was administered and led to complete resolution of the clinical signs of the pain. Sixteen months following surgery, the dog presented with significant dyspnea and anorexia and was euthanized due to poor prognosis. This case report describes a rare penile tumor, squamous cell carcinoma. Consequent paraneoplastic hypertrophic osteopathy and its palliative treatment are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jenkins
- From the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (V.J., C.H.d.M.S.); Hôpital Vétérinaire Rive-Sud, Brossard, Quebec, Canada (L-P.d.L.); IPEV, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (E.d.T-P.)
| | - Carlos Henrique de Mello Souza
- From the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (V.J., C.H.d.M.S.); Hôpital Vétérinaire Rive-Sud, Brossard, Quebec, Canada (L-P.d.L.); IPEV, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (E.d.T-P.)
| | - Louis-Phillippe de Lorimier
- From the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (V.J., C.H.d.M.S.); Hôpital Vétérinaire Rive-Sud, Brossard, Quebec, Canada (L-P.d.L.); IPEV, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (E.d.T-P.)
| | - Evandro de Toledo-Piza
- From the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (V.J., C.H.d.M.S.); Hôpital Vétérinaire Rive-Sud, Brossard, Quebec, Canada (L-P.d.L.); IPEV, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (E.d.T-P.)
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Yap FY, Skalski MR, Patel DB, Schein AJ, White EA, Tomasian A, Masih S, Matcuk GR. Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy: Clinical and Imaging Features. Radiographics 2016; 37:157-195. [PMID: 27935768 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a medical condition characterized by abnormal proliferation of skin and periosteal tissues involving the extremities and characterized by three clinical features: digital clubbing (also termed Hippocratic fingers), periostosis of tubular bones, and synovial effusions. HOA can be a primary entity, known as pachydermoperiostosis, or can be secondary to extraskeletal conditions, with different prognoses and management implications for each. There is a high association between secondary HOA and malignancy, especially non-small cell lung cancer. In such cases, it can be considered a form of paraneoplastic syndrome. The most prevalent secondary causes of HOA are pulmonary in origin, which is why this condition was formerly referred to as hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy. HOA can also be associated with pleural, mediastinal, and cardiovascular causes, as well as extrathoracic conditions such as gastrointestinal tumors and infections, cirrhosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Although the skeletal manifestations of HOA are most commonly detected with radiography, abnormalities can also be identified with other modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scintigraphy. The authors summarize the pathogenesis, classification, causes, and symptoms and signs of HOA, including the genetics underlying the primary form (pachydermoperiostosis); describe key findings of HOA found at various imaging modalities, with examples of underlying causative conditions; and discuss features differentiating HOA from other causes of multifocal periostitis, such as thyroid acropachy, hypervitaminosis A, chronic venous insufficiency, voriconazole-induced periostitis, progressive diaphyseal dysplasia, and neoplastic causes such as lymphoma. ©RSNA, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Y Yap
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo St, 2nd Floor Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (F.Y.Y., D.B.P., A.J.S., E.A.W., A.T., G.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, Calif (M.R.S.); and Department of Radiology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (S.M.)
| | - Matthew R Skalski
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo St, 2nd Floor Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (F.Y.Y., D.B.P., A.J.S., E.A.W., A.T., G.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, Calif (M.R.S.); and Department of Radiology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (S.M.)
| | - Dakshesh B Patel
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo St, 2nd Floor Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (F.Y.Y., D.B.P., A.J.S., E.A.W., A.T., G.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, Calif (M.R.S.); and Department of Radiology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (S.M.)
| | - Aaron J Schein
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo St, 2nd Floor Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (F.Y.Y., D.B.P., A.J.S., E.A.W., A.T., G.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, Calif (M.R.S.); and Department of Radiology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (S.M.)
| | - Eric A White
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo St, 2nd Floor Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (F.Y.Y., D.B.P., A.J.S., E.A.W., A.T., G.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, Calif (M.R.S.); and Department of Radiology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (S.M.)
| | - Anderanik Tomasian
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo St, 2nd Floor Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (F.Y.Y., D.B.P., A.J.S., E.A.W., A.T., G.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, Calif (M.R.S.); and Department of Radiology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (S.M.)
| | - Sulabha Masih
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo St, 2nd Floor Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (F.Y.Y., D.B.P., A.J.S., E.A.W., A.T., G.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, Calif (M.R.S.); and Department of Radiology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (S.M.)
| | - George R Matcuk
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo St, 2nd Floor Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (F.Y.Y., D.B.P., A.J.S., E.A.W., A.T., G.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, Calif (M.R.S.); and Department of Radiology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (S.M.)
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Withers SS, Johnson EG, Culp WTN, Rodriguez CO, Skorupski KA, Rebhun RB. Paraneoplastic hypertrophic osteopathy in 30 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:157-65. [PMID: 23489591 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic hypertrophic osteopathy (pHO) is known to occur in both canine and human cancer patients. While the pathology of pHO is well-described in the dog, very little information exists regarding the true clinical presentation of dogs affected with pHO. The primary objective of this study was to provide a more comprehensive clinical picture of pHO. To this end, we retrospectively identified 30 dogs and recorded data regarding presenting complaints and physical examination (PE) findings on the date of pHO diagnosis. As a secondary objective, any blood test results were also collected from the computerized records. The most common clinical signs included leg swelling, ocular discharge and/or episcleral injection, lameness, and lethargy. The most common haematological and serum biochemical abnormalities included anaemia, neutrophilia and elevated alkaline phosphatase. In addition to presenting a more detailed clinical description of pHO in the dog, these data support the previously described haematological, serum biochemical and PE abnormalities published in individual case reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Withers
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - E G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - W T N Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C O Rodriguez
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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