1
|
Vasilyeva SV, Kuznetsova AS, Khalyavina JG, Glazunova VA, Shtil AA, Gornostaev LM, Silnikov VN. Novel fluorescent pyrimidine nucleosides containing 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole and naphtho-[1,2,3-CD] Indole-6 (2H)-one fragments. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 33:615-25. [PMID: 25105452 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2014.913064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel fluorescent pyrimidine nucleosides containing 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole or naphtho[1,2,3-cd]indole-6 (2h)-one fragments was designed and synthesized. Introduction of fluorescent fragments into the position 5 of the uridine or cytidine heterocycle was carried out in two ways: by Sonogashira Coupling Reaction and CuI-catalyzed cycloaddition ("click" reaction). The obtained nucleoside derivatives became fluorescent due to the inserted fragments. The excitation wavelength (440-450 nm) was outside the absorption band of many biomolecules and significantly differed from the emission wavelength (560-600 nm). In addition, the intended nucleoside analogs were shown to kill cultured human tumor cells at submicromolar concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Vasilyeva
- a Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Sinkeldam RW, Greco NJ, Tor Y. Fluorescent analogs of biomolecular building blocks: design, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2579-619. [PMID: 20205430 PMCID: PMC2868948 DOI: 10.1021/cr900301e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renatus W. Sinkeldam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | | | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Y, Knee JL, Baranger AM. Characterization of two adenosine analogs as fluorescence probes in RNA. Bioorg Chem 2008; 36:271-7. [PMID: 18707751 PMCID: PMC2661016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence properties of two adenosine analogs, 2-(3-phenylpropyl)adenosine [A-3CPh] and 2-(4-phenylbutyl)adenosine [A-4CPh], are reported. As monomers, the quantum yields and the mean lifetimes are 0.011 and 6.22 ns for A-3CPh and 0.007 and 7.13 ns for A-4CPh, respectively. Surprisingly, the quantum yields of the two probes are enhanced 11- to 82-fold upon incorporation into RNA, while the mean lifetimes decrease 23-40%. The data suggest that a subpopulation of molecules is responsible for the fluorescence characteristics and that the distribution of emitting and non-emitting structures is altered upon incorporation of the probes into RNA. Thus, although both adenosine analogs have low quantum yields as monomers, their fluorescence signals are significantly enhanced in RNA. Thermodenaturation experiments and CD spectroscopy indicate that incorporation of the adenosine analogs into three different RNAs does not alter their global structure or stability. Therefore, these probes should be useful for probing events occurring close to the site of modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459
| | - Joseph L. Knee
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459
| | - Anne M. Baranger
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
1,N6-Etheno-2′-deoxytubercidin and pyrrolo-C: synthesis, base pairing, and fluorescence properties of 7-deazapurine nucleosides and oligonucleotides. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Greenfield JC, Leonard NJ, Nystrom RF. Preparation of chloroacetaldehyde-l-14C and its reaction with adenine and cytosine nucleotides. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580120410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Prukala D. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of new fluorescent derivatives of cytosine. J Heterocycl Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570430213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Wyrzykiewicz E, Wendzonka M. Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of fluorescent (E)-2-stilbenyloxyalkylthiouracils and isomer differentiation using EIMS. J Heterocycl Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
10
|
Wyrzykiewicz E, Mielcarek S. New Fluorescent 2- Ortho -( Meta - and Para -) Chloro-(and Bromo-) Benzylthio- N -Phenylcytosines and 6-Methylcytosines. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500307900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
Site-specific probes provide a powerful tool for structure and function studies of nucleic acids, especially in elucidating tertiary structures of large ribozymes and other folded RNA molecules. Among many types of extrinsic labels, fluorophores are most attractive because they can provide structural information at millisecond time resolution, thus allowing real-time observation of structural transition during biological function. Methods for introducing fluorophores in RNA molecules are summarized here. These methods are robust and readily applicable to the labeling of other types of probes. However, as each case of RNA modification is unique, fine tuning of the general methodology is beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Z Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qin PZ, Pyle AM. Stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy of a group II intron ribozyme reveals that domain 1 is an independent folding unit with a requirement for specific Mg2+ ions in the tertiary structure. Biochemistry 1997; 36:4718-30. [PMID: 9125492 DOI: 10.1021/bi962665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopic assay for RNA folding was used to monitor the association of a multicomponent ribozyme derived from group II intron ai5gamma. In the presence of Mg2+, association of a short fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotide substrate with intron domain 1 (D1) resulted in a unique fluorescein emission enhancement, which reflected ribozyme folding and substrate binding. It was found that substrate binding follows a simple bimolecular encounter model, with k(on) approaching the rate of simple duplex formation. The Kd between substrate and D1 was determined to be 11 nM, which is in close agreement with the Kd obtained through oligonucleotide cleavage assays requiring catalytic domain 5 (D5). Ribozyme variants D13 and D135, which contain D3 and/or D5 attached to D1 in-cis, bound substrate with very similar Kd values, suggesting that D1 can fold independently and contains all residues important for ground-state binding to substrate. Both stopped-flow fluorescence assays and chemical modification footprinting data showed that, in all three ribozymes, Mg2+ was required and sufficient for folding. The rates of substrate association and the fraction of active ribozyme showed similar [Mg2+] dependencies, indicating that folding and substrate binding in these three ribozymes are the result of similar processes involving specific, weakly bound Mg2+ ions. The apparent binding constants for the Mg2+ ions were found to be approximately 70 mM in each case. Together, these data show that D1 is an independent folding unit with respect to substrate binding and that specific Mg2+ ions are required for the formation of a distinct tertiary structure in group II introns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Z Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- D M Jameson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 96822, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vaca CE, Conradi M, Sievertzon M, Bergman J. Synthesis of fluorescent derivatives of 7-methylguanine through reaction with 2-aryl-substituted malondialdehydes: analysis by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Chem Biol Interact 1994; 93:235-49. [PMID: 7923442 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(94)90022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent derivatives of 7-methylguanine were prepared through reaction with 2-aryl-substituted-malondialdehydes and analysed by reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Reaction of carbons 1 and 3 of the malondialdehyde molecule at the N1 and N2 positions of 7-methylguanine yielded fluorescent tricyclic structures. Two novel fluorescent derivatives of 7-MeG were obtained, namely, 7-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-10-oxo-1-methyl-9,10-dihydropyrimido[1,2- alpha]purine (yield 15-34%) and 7-(1-naphthyl)-10-oxo-1-methyl-9,10- dihydropyrimido[1,2-alpha]purine (yield 56-70%) after reaction with 3,4-dimethoxyphenylmalondialdehyde and 1-naphthylmalondialdehyde, respectively which were characterized by IR, NMR, MS and UV and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity of the derivatives was found to be 10-20-fold higher than the intrinsic fluorescence of 7-methylguanine. Concentration versus fluorescence intensity curves exhibit linearity in the picomole to nanomole range. The 2-aryl-substituted malondialdehydes were used to analyse the concentration of 7-methylguanine in neutral hydrolysates obtained from calf thymus DNA samples alkylated with dimethyl sulfate. The results obtained indicate their potential as reagents for the analysis of alkylated guanines in biological samples. Molecular modeling calculations were carried out to generate lowest energy spatial configurations. The results obtained indicated that the aryl-substituents on the malondialdehyde moiety do not lie in the same plane as the tricyclic moiety of the fluorescent derivatives with implications for their fluorescence properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Vaca
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, NOVUM, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Srivastava SC, Raza SK, Misra R. 1,N6-etheno deoxy and ribo adenosine and 3,N4-etheno deoxy and ribo cytidine phosphoramidites. Strongly fluorescent structures for selective introduction in defined sequence DNA and RNA molecules. Nucleic Acids Res 1994; 22:1296-304. [PMID: 7513082 PMCID: PMC523656 DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.7.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of 1,N6-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine, 3,N4-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine, and further chemistry on both deoxy and ribo series etheno nucleosides produces the corresponding phosphoramidites. These novel phosphoramidites are introduced selectively, quantitatively, and at specific positions at single or multiple sites into DNA or RNA sequences. The purification and chemistry involved in the synthesis of these products has been optimized to achieve the purity in excess of 99%. The resulting phosphoramidites were tested for their ability to couple and produce poly deoxy and ribonucleotides by solid phase chemistry. The coupling efficiency achieved was greater than 99% per step. Due to the instability of these etheno compounds in acidic and basic medium, various criteria to obtain pure oligomers have been established. The selective introduction of these fluorescent nucleosides into defined sequence DNA and RNA molecule will greatly facilitate the structure-function studies of various RNAs, protein-RNA structures, and DNA-RNA based diagnostics applications. The characteristic and high fluorescent intensity (detection below 1 x 10(-9) M for adenosine sites and below 1 x 10(-7) M for cytidine sites) is particularly suited for the biochemical and biological research and product development applications. The usefulness of these etheno containing modified sequences as sequencing and amplification primers is demonstrated by their full participation in polymerase chain reaction experiments.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mueser TC, Parkhurst LJ. Synthesis of dansyl ribonucleotides and their use in steady-state fluorescence anisotropy studies of nucleotide binding by initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) and histone H1. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 25:1689-96. [PMID: 8288038 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(93)90529-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1. Fluorescent analogs of GDP and ATP were prepared with DANSYL-beta-alanine (D beta A) coupled to the (2')3' hydroxyl of the ribose. 2. Observation of changes in both total fluorescence and anisotropy accompanying the binding of D beta A-GDP to eIF-2 allowed determination of Kd (33 nM). 3. When D beta A-ATP bound to H1 histone, the fluorescence quantum yield increased and the emission was blue shifted. Analysis yielded a Kd of 3.4 microM and 20 binding sites per histone. At high levels of ATP, fluorescence anisotropy values and light scattering intensities pointed to significant aggregation of H1 that is strongly dependent on ATP concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Mueser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68588-0304
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Remaud G, Kjellberg J, Johansson N, Chattopadhyaya J. An 15n-nmr study of isomeric n1 and n3 substituted 7-methyl-10-oxo-9,10-dihydro pyrimido[l,2-a]purines and 9-oxo-8,9-dihydro-5-alkyl-imidazo[1,2-a] purines in neutral and acidic medium. Tetrahedron 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Seela F, Engelke U. Ein Purin/7-Desazapurin-Dinucleosid-Monophosphat mit 2-Amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin als fluoreszierender Base. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198519850607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
19
|
Wierzchowski J, Sierakowska H, Shugar D. Continuous fluorimetric assay of nucleotide pyrophosphatase. Kinetics, inhibitors, and extension to dinucleoside oligophosphatases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(85)90045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
Seela F, Steker H. Synthese von 2′-Desoxyribofuranosiden des 7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidins: Einfluß des C-2-Substituenten auf die Fluoreszenz. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198419841012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
21
|
Leonard NJ. Etheno-substituted nucleotides and coenzymes: fluorescence and biological activity. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 15:125-99. [PMID: 6365449 DOI: 10.3109/10409238409102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
22
|
Kubota Y, Sanjoh A, Fujisaki Y, Steiner RF. Fluorescence decay studies of poly(riboadenylic acid) containing 1-N6-ethenoadenosine. Biophys Chem 1983; 18:233-40. [PMID: 6640069 DOI: 10.1016/0301-4622(83)80036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence properties of the 1-N6-etheno derivatives of poly(riboadenylic acid) (poly(rA, epsilon rA)) have been examined. The fluorescence quantum yield of poly(rA, epsilon rA) decreases with an increase in the degree of the epsilon A substitution and is much smaller than that for epsilon AMP even for low degrees of epsilon A substitution. The nearest-neighbor interactions such as epsilon-adenine-adenine and epsilon-adenine-epsilon-adenine may be responsible for this behavior. It is found that the fluorescence decay kinetics obeys a three-exponential decay law for poly(rA, epsilon rA), suggesting that there exist at least three different stacked conformational states.
Collapse
|
23
|
Seela F, Steker H. ara-7-Desazanebularin – Synthese eines fluoreszierenden Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-Nucleosids durch Phasentransferglycosylierung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198319830913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
24
|
Kondrat'eva TA, Gvozdev RI, Tat'yanenko LV. Spectral properties of 8-bromoetheno derivatives of adenine nucleotides. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00506112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Determination of adenine, adenosine and related nucleotides at the low picomole level by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Takahashi S, Nishimura Y, Tsuboi M, Kuramochi T, Inoue Y. Rate of photochemical protonation and electronic relaxation of excited 1, N6‐ethenoadenosine in its aqueous solution. J Chem Phys 1981. [DOI: 10.1063/1.442528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
28
|
Barbin A, Bartsch H, Leconte P, Radman M. Studies on the miscoding properties of 1,N6-ethenoadenine and 3,N4-ethenocytosine, DNA reaction products of vinyl chloride metabolites, during in vitro DNA synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res 1981; 9:375-87. [PMID: 7010314 PMCID: PMC326699 DOI: 10.1093/nar/9.2.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
1,N6-Ethenoadenine (epsilon A) and 3,N4-ethenocytosine (epsilon C) are formed when electrophilic vinyl chloride (VC) metabolites, chloroethylene oxide (CEO) or chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) react with adenine and cytosine residues in DNA. They were assayed for their miscoding properties in an in vitro system using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and synthetic templates prepared by reaction of poly(dA) and poly(dC) with increasing concentrations of CEO or CAA. Following the introduction of etheno groups, an increasing inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed. dGMP was misincorporated on CAA- or CEO-treated poly(dA) templates and dTMP was misincorporated on CAA- or CEO-treated poly(dC) templates, suggesting that epsilon A and epsilon C may miscode. The error rates augmented with the extent of reaction of CEO or CAA with the templates. Base-pairing models are proposed for the epsilon A.G. and epsilon C.T pairs. The potentially miscoding properties of epsilon A and epsilon C may explain why metabolically-activated VC and its reactive metabolites specifically induce base-pair substitution mutations in Salmonella typhimurium. Promutagenic lesions may represent one of the initial steps in VC- or CEO-induced carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
29
|
Davis WM, White DC. Fluorometric Determination of Adenosine Nucleotide Derivatives as Measures of the Microfouling, Detrital, and Sedimentary Microbial Biomass and Physiological Status. Appl Environ Microbiol 1980; 40:539-48. [PMID: 16345633 PMCID: PMC291619 DOI: 10.1128/aem.40.3.539-548.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, adenine, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), AMP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were recovered quantitatively from aqueous portions of lipid extracts of microfouling, detrital, and sedimentary microbial communities. These could be detected quantitatively in the picomolar range by forming their 1-N
6
-etheno derivatives and analyzing by high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Lipid extraction and subsequent analysis allowed the simultaneous measurement of the microbial community structure, total microbial biomass with the quantitative recovery of the adenine-containing cellular components, which were protected from enzymatic destruction. This extraction and fluorescent derivatization method showed equivalency with the luciferin-luciferase method for bacterial ATP measurements. Quick-freezing samples in the field with dry ice-acetone preserved the ATP and energy charge (a ratio of adenosine nucleotides) for analysis at remote laboratories. The metabolic lability of ATP in estuarine detrital and microfouling communities, as well as bacterial monocultures of constant biomass, showed ATP to be a precarious measure of biomass under some conditions. Combinations of adenosine and adenine nucleotides gave better correlations with microbial biomass measured as extractable lipid phosphate in the detrital and microfouling microbial communities than did ATP alone. Stresses such as anoxia or filtration are reflected in the rapid accumulation of intracellular adenosine and the excretion of adenosine and AMP into the surrounding milieu. Increases in AMP and adenosine may prove to be more sensitive indicators of metabolic status than the energy charge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W M Davis
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Draper DE, Gold L. A method for linking fluorescent labels to polynucleotides: application to studies of ribosome-ribonucleic acid interactions. Biochemistry 1980; 19:1774-81. [PMID: 6990982 DOI: 10.1021/bi00550a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
31
|
|
32
|
Saito I, Ito S, Shinmura T, Matsuura T. A simple synthesis of fluorescent uridines by photochemical method. Tetrahedron Lett 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
33
|
Kuramochi T, Inoue Y, Imakubo K. FLUORESCENCE NATURE OF PROTONATED 1, N6-ETHENOADENOSINE AND RELATED QUATERNIZED DERIVATIVES AT 293 AND 77°K. CHEM LETT 1979. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1979.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
34
|
Krzyżosiak W, Biernat J, Ciesiołka J, Górnicki P, Wiewiórowski M. The reactions of thiouracils and thiouridines with chloroacetaldehyde. Tetrahedron Lett 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)86374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
35
|
Kubota Y, Motoda Y, Nakamura H. Fluorescence studies of the interaction between 1,N6-ethenoadenosine monophosphate and nucleotides. Biophys Chem 1979; 9:105-9. [PMID: 218645 DOI: 10.1016/0301-4622(79)87004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AMP, GMP, TMP and CMP quench the fluorescence of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine monophosphate (epsilon-AMP). The fluorescence spectrum of epsilon-AMP-nucleotide system is identical with that of epsilon-AMP itself, and the fluorescence decay kinetics follow a single-exponential decay law. The dependence of fluorescence yields and lifetimes upon the concentration of nucleotides shows that the fluorescence of epsilon-AMP is principally quenched in a dynamic process by AMP, TMP and CMP, while it is quenched in both dynamic and static processes by GMP. The quenching constants increase in the following order: GMP greater than AMP greater than TMP greater than CMP.
Collapse
|
36
|
Auerbach C, Moutschen-Dahmen M, Moutschen J. Genetic and cytogenetical effects of formaldehyde and related compounds. Mutat Res 1977; 39:317-61. [PMID: 331091 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1110(77)90011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
37
|
Daves GD, Cheng CC. The chemistry and biochemistry of C-nucleosides. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1976; 13:303-49. [PMID: 801779 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|