Extracellular ATP Modifies Intracellular Free Ca2+Levels in Skeletal Muscle via Activation of a Purinergic Receptor-G Protein-Phospholipase Cascade

Serum fractions and related agonists with calcium-mobilizing activity in the bovine growth plate chondrocyte

Longitudinal growth of bone involves a complex sequence of cellular events in the cartilaginous epiphysis. Whole blood serum has been shown previously to be a potent stimulus to the cells of the growth plate, as demonstrated by its ability to activate the inositol phosphate-calcium second messenger system, resulting in a rise in intracellular Ca2+. By manipulating the preparation of serum to functionally separate it into its constituent parts, we have shown that the processes of platelet lysis and activation of the clotting cascade are responsible for the generation of factors that stimulate this signaling mechanism in isolated bovine growth plate chondrocytes. Through a subsequent trial of bioactive agents generated in these processes, we identified and partially characterized several novel agonists of growth plate chondrocytes:adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate, the purine energy substrates, and bradykinin, the bioactive peptide generated in a side reaction of the clotting cascade, each induces a rise in intracellular Ca2+ via release from intracellular ion stores. Additionally, the three distinct isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor (AA, AB, and BB), also released on platelet lysis, were compared with respect to their ability to stimulate the inositol phosphate-calcium second messenger system in growth plate chondrocytes.