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Oruganti L, Reddy Sankaran K, Dinnupati HG, Kotakadi VS, Meriga B. Anti-adipogenic and lipid-lowering activity of piperine and epigallocatechin gallate in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1152-1159. [PMID: 33836628 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1908366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-adipogenic activity of piperine (PIP) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in 3T3-L1 cells. In cytotoxicity studies, PIP and EGCG showed IC50 values of 260 and 218 µM respectively and in combination (20 µM each) did not show cytotoxicity. Treatment with PIP and EGCG (20 µM each) significantly (p<.01) inhibited cell differentiation, lipid droplets deposition and enhanced glycerol release in 3T3-L1 cells. The secreted level of leptin was decreased but adiponectin level was increased in treated 3T3-L1 cells than untreated cells. In molecular expression studies, key adipogenic genes PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, FAS, Fab-4, C/EBP-α and HMG-CoA reductase were markedly down-regulated but UCP-1 was up-regulated intreated 3T3-L1 cells and the same trend was observed in expression levels of selected proteins. In conclusion, our results demonstrated a combination of PIP and EGCG exhibited strong anti-adipogenic and lipid lowering effect than individual treatments due to synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokanatha Oruganti
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Karunakaran Reddy Sankaran
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | | | | | - Balaji Meriga
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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Choi SK, Park S, Jang S, Cho HH, Lee S, You S, Kim SH, Moon HS. Cascade regulation of PPARγ(2) and C/EBPα signaling pathways by celastrol impairs adipocyte differentiation and stimulates lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Metabolism 2016; 65:646-654. [PMID: 27085773 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Celastrol, a triterpene from the root bark of the Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has been shown to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and insecticidal activities. Also, it has been demonstrated that celastrol has obesity-controlling effects in diet-induced obesity mice. However, direct evidence that celastrol contributes to the development of adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis has not been fully elucidated. Moreover, no previous studies have evaluated whether celastrol may regulate adipogenic transcriptional markers in adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS In order to address the questions above, we extended previous observations and investigated in vitro celastrol signaling study whether celastrol may regulate differentiation, lipolysis and key adipogenic transcriptional pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS Treatment of celastrol not only inhibited adipocyte differentiation (lipid accumulation, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and triglyceride content) but also increased lipolysis (glycerol release and free fatty acid release) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, all celastrol-regulated functional activities were controlled by PPARγ(2) and C/EBPα signaling pathways in duration of celastrol's treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CONCLUSION Our initial data from in vitro celastrol signaling studies suggest novel insights into the role of PPARγ(2) and C/EBPα as probable mediators of the action of celastrol in regulating adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kug Choi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sunmi Park
- Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Subin Jang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hun Hee Cho
- Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Siwoo Lee
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Cell Function Regulation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Kim
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Seuk Moon
- Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Biomedical Research Center of Guro Hospital, Research Driven Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 08308, South Korea.
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A rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid selectively modulates caecum microbiota and inhibits β-glucosidase activity, altering fiber and short chain fatty acids fecal excretion in lean and obese female rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94687. [PMID: 24733124 PMCID: PMC3986085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carnosic acid (CA) and rosemary extracts (RE) show body-weight, energy metabolism and inflammation regulatory properties in animal models but the mechanisms are not yet understood. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the host metabolism and inflammatory status and is modulated by the diet. The aim of this research was to investigate whether a RE enriched in CA affected caecum microbiota composition and activity in a rat model of genetic obesity. Methods and Principal Findings A RE (40% CA) was administered with the diet (0.5% w/w) to lean (fa/+) and obese (fa/fa) female Zucker rats for 64 days. Changes in the microbiota composition and β-glucosidase activity in the caecum and in the levels of macronutrients and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in feces were examined. The RE increased the Blautia coccoides and Bacteroides/Prevotella groups and reduced the Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc/Pediococccus group in both types of animals. Clostridium leptum was significantly decreased and Bifidobacterium increased only in the lean rats. β-Glucosidase activity was significantly reduced and fecal fiber excretion increased in the two genotypes. The RE also increased the main SCFA excreted in the feces of the obese rats but decreased them in the lean rats reflecting important differences in the uptake and metabolism of these molecules between the two genotypes. Conclusions Our results indicate that the consumption of a RE enriched in CA modifies microbiota composition and decreases β-glucosidase activity in the caecum of female Zucker rats while it increases fiber fecal elimination. These results may contribute to explain the body weight gain reducing effects of the RE. The mutated leptin receptor of the obese animals significantly affects the microbiota composition, the SCFA fecal excretion and the host response to the RE intake.
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Romo Vaquero M, Yáñez-Gascón MJ, García Villalba R, Larrosa M, Fromentin E, Ibarra A, Roller M, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín de Gea JC, García-Conesa MT. Inhibition of gastric lipase as a mechanism for body weight and plasma lipids reduction in Zucker rats fed a rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39773. [PMID: 22745826 PMCID: PMC3382157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts (REs) exhibit hepatoprotective, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties and are widely used in the food industry. REs are rich in carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol which may be responsible for some of the biological activities of REs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inhibition of lipase activity in the gut may be a mechanism by which a RE enriched in CA (40%) modulates body weight and lipids levels in a rat model of metabolic disorders and obesity. Methods and Principal Findings RE was administered for 64 days to lean (fa/+) and obese (fa/fa) female Zucker rats and body weight, food intake, feces weight and blood biochemical parameters were monitored throughout the study. Lipase activity (hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylbutyrate) was measured in the gastrointestinal tract at the end of the study and the contents of CA, carnosol and methyl carnosate were also determined. Sub-chronic administration of RE moderately reduced body weight gain in both lean and obese animals but did not affect food intake. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin levels were also markedly decreased in the lean animals supplemented with RE. Importantly, lipase activity was significantly inhibited in the stomach of the RE-supplemented animals where the highest content of intact CA and carnosol was detected. Conclusions Our results confirm that long-term administration of RE enriched in CA moderates weight gain and improves the plasma lipids profile, primarily in the lean animals. Our data also suggest that these effects may be caused, at least in part, by a significant inhibition of gastric lipase and subsequent reduction in fat absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Romo Vaquero
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Dept. Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Josefa Yáñez-Gascón
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Dept. Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Dept. Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Dept. Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Alvin Ibarra
- Naturex Inc., South Hackensack, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Marc Roller
- Naturex SA, Site d'AgroParc, Avignon, France
| | - Francisco Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Dept. Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín de Gea
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Dept. Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Dept. Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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High lipolytic activity and dyslipidemia in a spontaneous hypertensive/NIH corpulent (SHR/N-cp) rat: a genetic model of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Biochem 2009; 65:33-41. [PMID: 19588729 DOI: 10.1007/bf03165967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to better understand the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes, lipolysis and its adrenergic regulation was investigated in various adipose depots of obese adult females SHR/N-cp rats. Serum insulin, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG) and glycerol were measured. Adipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous (SC), parametrial (PM) and retroperitoneal (RP) fat pads. Total cell number and size, basal lipolysis or stimulated by norepinephrine (NE) and BRL 37344 were measured in each depot. Obese rats were hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic, suggesting high insulin resistance. They presented a marked dyslipidemia, attested by increased serum FFA and TG levels. High serum glycerol levels also suggest a strong lipolytic rate. Obese rats showed an excessive development of all fat pads although a more pronounced effect was observed in the SC one. The cellularity of this depot was increased 8 fold when compared to lean rats, but these fat cells were only 1.5 to 2-fold larger. SC adipocytes showed a marked increase in their basal lipolytic activity but a lack of change in responsiveness to NE or BRL 37344. The association between high basal lipolysis and increased cellularity yields to a marked adipose cell lipolytic rate, especially from the SC region. SHR/N-cp rats were characterized by a hyperplasic type of obesity with an excessive development of the SC depot. The dyslipidemia, attested by an altered serum lipid profile could be attributed to excessive lipolysis that contributes to increased FFA levels, and to early development of insulin resistance through a lipotoxicity effect.
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