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Kook H, Gwag HE, Park SY, Hong N, Lee JH, Jung HJ, Park MY, Choi YS, Kim HJ, Weidinger S, Ahn J. Detecting T-cell receptor clonality in patients with severe atopic dermatitis refractory to dupilumab. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38687283 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trials and real-life studies demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements of disease activity in the majority of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) treated with the anti-IL-4RA-antibody dupilumab. However, misdiagnosis or confounding skin diseases in particular cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) may lead to inadequate response. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and pathological features of patients with AD who showed insufficient response to dupilumab. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 371 patients treated with dupilumab for severe AD. Insufficient response was defined as failure to achieve an improvement of the eczema area severity index (EASI) of at least 50% (EASI-50) at Week 16 and of 75% (EASI-75) at Week 52. Among 46 patients with insufficient response, 35 patients consented to a re-evaluation including a full physical exam, biopsies and laboratory assessments including immunohistochemistry and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement analysis to differentiate CTCL. RESULTS Of the 371 patients treated with dupilumab, 46 (12.3%) patients showed insufficient response to dupilumab. Of these, 35 underwent further evaluation, and 19 (54.2% of inadequate responders) were finally diagnosed with mycosis fungoides (MF). In these patients, transition to or addition of conventional MF treatment led to clinical improvements. CONCLUSION Insufficient response to dupilumab treatment may help uncover early MF on an existing AD background.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jung-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Yu Sung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Genome Medicine Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Diagnosis of Early Mycosis Fungoides. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091721. [PMID: 34574062 PMCID: PMC8465146 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, generally has a favorable clinical course. Early MF typically presents erythematous patches and/or plaques and lasts for many years without affecting the life expectancy. Only limited cases progress to develop skin tumors, with subsequent lymph nodes and rarely visceral organ involvement. One of the clinical problems in early MF is the difficulty in differentiating the disease from benign inflammatory disorders (BIDs), such as atopic dermatitis, chronic eczema, and psoriasis. In some MF cases, clinical and pathological findings are similar to those of BIDs. However, the accurate diagnosis of early MF is quite important, as inappropriate treatment including immunosuppressants can cause unfavorable or even fatal outcomes. This article focuses on general methods and novel tools for diagnosis of early MF.
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3
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Walia R, Yeung CCS. An Update on Molecular Biology of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1558. [PMID: 32039026 PMCID: PMC6987372 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas represent a heterogenous group of lymphoproliferative disorders defined by clonal proliferation of T cells present in the skin. The latest WHO classification in 2016 and WHO-EORTC classification in 2018 has updated the classification of these entities based on the molecular profile. Research in the field of molecular genetics of CTCL has allowed a better understanding of the biology of these tumors and has helped to identify potential targets for therapy that can be tailored to individual patients. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in the molecular profile of CTCLs including biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets. We have also touched upon the utility of various molecular diagnostic modalities. For the purpose of this review, we researched papers in PubMed indexed journals in English literature published in the past 20 years using keywords CTCL, mycosis fungoides, molecular profile, molecular diagnosis, whole genome profile, genomic landscape, TCR clonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Walia
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Cecilia C S Yeung
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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4
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Martinez-Cabriales SA, Walsh S, Sade S, Shear NH. Lymphomatoid papulosis: an update and review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:59-73. [PMID: 31494989 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a benign chronic often relapsing skin condition that belongs to the CD30-positive cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. LyP typically presents as crops of lesions with a tendency to self-resolve, and morphology can range from solitary to agminated or diffuse papules and plaques to nodules or tumours. The clinical-histological spectrum can range from borderline cases to overlap with primary cutaneous anaplastic cell lymphoma (pcALCL). Histology and immunophenotype commonly show overlap with other CD30-positive disorders and sometimes may be identical to pcALCL, making its diagnosis more difficult. Patients with LyP have an increased risk of developing a second neoplasm such as mycosis fungoides, pcALCL and/or Hodgkin lymphoma. Clinical correlation allows its proper classification and diagnosis, which is fundamental for treatment and prognosis. This review focuses on the clinical appearance, histopathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management of LyP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Martinez-Cabriales
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dermatology, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - S Walsh
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Sade
- Department of Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N H Shear
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Abstract
Laser capture microdissection is a non-molecular, minimally disruptive method to obtain cytologically and/or phenotypically defined cells or groups of cells from heterogeneous tissues. Its advantages include efficient rapid and precise procurement of cells. The potential disadvantages include time consuming, expensive, and limited by the need for a pathologist for recognition of distinct subpopulations within a specified sample. Overall it is versatile allowing the preparation of homogenous isolates of specific subpopulations of cells from which DNA/RNA or protein can be extracted for RT-PCR, quantitative PCR, next-generation sequencing, immunoblot blot analyses, and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Medical Center, West Roxbury, MA, USA.
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6
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Abstract
The classification of lymphomas has historically lacked both precision and accuracy, potentially compromising both optimal diagnosis and therapy. The genetic characterization of key oncogenic events and the advent of expression profiling have afforded the opportunity to understand, diagnose and treat these diseases in a much more rational and targeted manner. As exciting as these new and testable data are, it is also worth noting that molecular genetic analysis of the tumor in isolation will not be the sole arbiter of patient outcome. It is likely that we will remain reliant on traditional and sometimes subjective technologies, albeit probably to a lesser degree, with molecular studies significantly complementing, but certainly not replacing, microscopic, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic approaches. Furthermore, we will perhaps need to extend genotyping to the tumor milieu (the patient) in order to molecularly dissect drug metabolic pathways and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bagg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 7.103 Founders Pavilion, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA.
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7
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Leloup P, Nguyen JM, Quéreux G, Saint-Jean M, Peuvrel L, Brocard A, Dréno B. Predictive value of T-cell clone and CD13 antigen in parapsoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:518-20. [PMID: 23859066 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Leloup
- Department of Skin Oncology, University Hospital, Nantes, France
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8
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Abstract
The histological discrimination of granulomatous cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) from reactive granulomatous disorders such as sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare (GA) may be difficult due to overlapping histological features. We analyzed the T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in sarcoidosis and GA to investigate the value of the detection of clonal T cells as an adjunctive diagnostic marker in the differentiation between sarcoidosis and GA versus granulomatous CTCLs. Rearrangement of T-cell receptor γ genes was examined by the use of automated high-resolution polymerase chain reaction fragment analysis in 35 cases of sarcoidosis and 15 cases of GA and compared with a series of 19 cases of granulomatous CTCLs. A monoclonal T-cell population was found in none of the cases of sarcoidosis and in 2 of 15 cases of GA (13%). In granulomatous CTCLs, a neoplastic T-cell clone was detected in 94%. Presence of clonal T cells argues in favour of a granulomatous CTCL, while a polyclonal T-cell population makes the presence of a sarcoidosis or a GA more likely. The analysis of T-cell clonality is a useful diagnostic adjunct in the differentiation between sarcoidosis and GA from granulomatous CTCLs.
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9
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Decarlo K, Emley A, Dadzie OE, Mahalingam M. Laser capture microdissection: methods and applications. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 755:1-15. [PMID: 21761290 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-163-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Laser microdissection is a nonmolecular, minimally disruptive method to obtain cytologically and/or phenotypically defined cells or groups of cells from heterogeneous tissues. It is a versatile technology and allows the preparation of homogenous isolates of specific subpopulations of cells from which RNA/DNA or protein can be extracted for RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, Western blot analyses, and mass spectrophotometry.
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10
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Kunishige JH, McDonald H, Alvarez G, Johnson M, Prieto V, Duvic M. Lymphomatoid papulosis and associated lymphomas: a retrospective case series of 84 patients. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:576-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.03024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Hinds GA, Heald P. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in skin of color. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 60:359-75; quiz 376-8. [PMID: 19231637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), with significant differences in the rates of CTCL by race and ethnicity. The overall incidence of CTCL has been shown to be higher among blacks than among whites and other racial groups. In addition, CTCL is thought to follow a more aggressive course in black patients. This article highlights the differences in clinical appearance and response to therapy, and discusses the differential diagnosis of CTCL in skin of color in an attempt to ensure earlier diagnosis and better outcomes for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginette A Hinds
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06515, USA.
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12
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Erős N, Károlyi Z, Marschalkó M, Kárpáti S, Matolcsy A. Clinical, Histopathological, Immunophenotypic and Molecular Analysis of 60 Patients with Cutaneous T-cell Infiltrates with Follow up of Indeterminate Cases to Identify T-cell Lymphoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2008; 14:63-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Kelemen K, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Goolsby CL, Peterson LC. The usefulness of CD26 in flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood in Sézary syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol 2008; 129:146-56. [PMID: 18089499 DOI: 10.1309/05gfg3ly3vycdmey] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of CD26 expression was proposed to be a constant feature of circulating Sézary cells by flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCIP), but the experience with CD26 is limited. To establish its usefulness, CD26 results were correlated with morphologic, molecular, and immunophenotypic findings. Based on FCIP of 179 samples of peripheral blood, CD26 negativity was found in 59.3% of cases with Sézary syndrome (SS), 33.3% of mycosis fungoides (MF), 14.2% of benign dermatosis (BD), and no control cases. In diagnostic subgroups of SS based on morphologic, molecular, and immunophenotypic criteria, the percentage of CD26- cases varied from 41.1% to 63.6%. The specificity of a CD26- result was inferior to that of T-cell antigen loss in differentiating SS from MF and BD. CD26 offers lower diagnostic performance than previously suggested; however, in addition to the findings of major T-cell antigen loss, it could improve sensitivity of FCIP in patients with SS.
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14
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Capella GL. Selective costimulation modulators of T cells: A potential treatment for mycosis fungoides and other SALT-proliferating diseases. Med Hypotheses 2006; 68:452. [PMID: 16919394 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Morgan SM, Hodges E, Mitchell TJ, Harris S, Whittaker SJ, Smith JL. Molecular Analysis of T-Cell Receptor β Genes in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Reveals Jβ1 Bias. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:1893-9. [PMID: 16741518 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of T-cell receptor junctional region sequences in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma had not been previously reported. We have examined in detail the features of the T-cell receptor beta (TCRB) gene rearrangements in 20 individuals with well-defined stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) comprising 10 cases with early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) and 10 cases with late-stage MF or Sezary syndrome. Using BIOMED-2 PCR primers, we detected a high frequency of clonally rearranged TCR gamma and TCRB genes (17/20 and 15/20 cases, respectively). We carried out sequencing analysis of each complete clonal variable (V)beta-diversity (D)beta-joining(J)beta fingerprint generated by PCR amplification, and determined the primary structure of the Vbeta-Dbeta-Jbeta junctional regions. We observed considerable diversity in the T-cell receptor Vbeta gene usage and complementarity-determining region 3 loops. Although we found that TCRB gene usage in CTCL and normal individuals share common features, our analysis also revealed preferential usage of Jbeta1 genes in all cases with advanced stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Morgan
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Sciences Division, School of Medicine, General Hospital, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
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16
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Cather JC, Vance EA, Menter MA. Diverse cutaneous manifestations associated with a single disease. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2006; 15:433-6. [PMID: 16333475 PMCID: PMC1276648 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2002.11927876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Clay Cather
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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17
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Pimpinelli N, Olsen EA, Santucci M, Vonderheid E, Haeffner AC, Stevens S, Burg G, Cerroni L, Dreno B, Glusac E, Guitart J, Heald PW, Kempf W, Knobler R, Lessin S, Sander C, Smoller BS, Telang G, Whittaker S, Iwatsuki K, Obitz E, Takigawa M, Turner ML, Wood GS. Defining early mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53:1053-63. [PMID: 16310068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This editorial review summarizes the results of 5 meetings sponsored by the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma at which the clinicopathologic and ancillary features of early mycosis fungoides were critically examined. Based on this analysis, an algorithm was developed for the diagnosis of early mycosis fungoides involving a holistic integration of clinical, histopathologic, immunopathologic, and molecular biological characteristics. A novel aspect of this algorithm is that it relies on multiple types of criteria rather than just one, for example, histopathology. Before its finalization, the proposed diagnostic algorithm will require validation and possibly further refinement at multiple centers during the next several years. It is anticipated that a more standardized approach to the diagnosis of early mycosis fungoides will have a beneficial impact on the epidemiology, prognostication, treatment, and analysis of clinical trials pertaining to this most common type of cutaneous lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pimpinelli
- Department of Dermatological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Cozzio A, Hafner J, Kempf W, Häffner A, Palmedo G, Michaelis S, Gilliet M, Zimmermann D, Burg G. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease with clonality: A cutaneous T-cell lymphoma entity? J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51:1014-7. [PMID: 15583604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease (FUMHD) is a severe variant of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA). PLEVA patients only very rarely have systemic signs; the cutaneous lesions are usually asymptomatic, but may be pruritic and may heal with scarring. FUMHD often starts out as classic PLEVA, but goes on to develop widespread ulceronecrotic lesions and is associated with a high mortality rate. Whether Pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) and PLEVA form a spectrum rather than single entities of clonal lymphoproliferative diseases has been discussed. Recently, it has been proposed that FUMHD, too, is a clonal lymphoproliferative disorder. Here, we report two cases of FUMHD with monoclonal T-cell population, as detected by Southern blot analysis. We propose that clonal FUMHD represents a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cozzio
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Spagnolo DV, Ellis DW, Juneja S, Leong ASY, Miliauskas J, Norris DL, Turner J. The role of molecular studies in lymphoma diagnosis: a review. Pathology 2004; 36:19-44. [PMID: 14757555 DOI: 10.1080/00313020310001648404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma classification is based on a multiparametric approach to diagnosis, in which clinical features, morphology, immunophenotype, karyotype and molecular characteristics are important to varying degrees. While in most cases, a diagnosis can be confidently established on the basis of morphology and immunophenotype alone, a small proportion of diagnostically difficult cases will rely on molecular studies to enable a definitive diagnosis. This review discusses the various molecular techniques available including Southern blotting (SB), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH)--including multicolour-FISH/spectral karyotyping and comparative genomic hybridisation--and also gene expression profiling using cDNA microarray technology. Emphasis is given to the analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangements and chromosomal translocations as they relate to lymphoma diagnosis and also in the setting of minimal residual disease (MRD) detection and monitoring. Laboratories performing these tests need to have expertise in these areas of testing, and there is a need for greater standardisation of molecular tests. It is important to know the sensitivity and specificity of each test as well as its limitations and the pitfalls in the interpretation of results. Above all, results of molecular testing should never be considered in isolation, and must always be interpreted in the context of clinical and other laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic V Spagnolo
- Division of Tissue Pathology, The Western Australian Centre for Pathology and Medical Research (PathCentre), Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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20
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Cerroni L, Kerl H. Primary follicular mucinosis and association with mycosis fungoides and other cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51:146-7; author reply 147-8. [PMID: 15243544 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(03)02491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Gellrich S, Wernicke M, Wilks A, Lukowsky A, Muche JM, Jasch KC, Audring H, Mason D, Sterry W. The Cell Infiltrate in Lymphomatoid Papulosis Comprises a Mixture of Polyclonal Large Atypical Cells (CD30-Positive) and Smaller Monoclonal T cells (CD30-Negative). J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:859-61. [PMID: 15086582 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Querfeld C, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Rosen ST. Primary cutaneous lymphomas: a review with current treatment options. Blood Rev 2003; 17:131-42. [PMID: 12818223 DOI: 10.1016/s0268-960x(03)00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T- and B-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of diseases with varied clinical presentations and prognosis. The use of new molecular, histological, and clinical criteria have enhanced the recognition of primary cutaneous T- and B-cell lymphomas. Compared to their nodal counterpart they have a different clinical behavior and therefore require a different treatment approach. Independent predictive factors identified clinically, histologically, and by immunopheno- and immunogenotyping are essential to assess the appropriate treatment for each subtype. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Cutaneous Lymphoma Study Group provide a classification of cutaneous lymphomas taking into account of the histological and molecular features. Based on this classification we will provide a summary of the current medical literature in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for primary cutaneous lymphomas with emphasis on new treatment strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/therapeutic use
- Europe
- Humans
- Immunotoxins/therapeutic use
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/classification
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/classification
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Male
- Mycosis Fungoides/drug therapy
- Mycosis Fungoides/pathology
- Retinoids/therapeutic use
- Sezary Syndrome/drug therapy
- Sezary Syndrome/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/classification
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Querfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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23
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Bagg A. Clinical applications of molecular genetic testing in hematologic malignancies: advantages and limitations. Hum Pathol 2003; 34:352-8. [PMID: 12733115 DOI: 10.1053/hupa.2003.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bagg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA
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Srinivasan M, Sedmak D, Jewell S. Effect of fixatives and tissue processing on the content and integrity of nucleic acids. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002; 161:1961-71. [PMID: 12466110 PMCID: PMC1850907 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 883] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and molecular medicines are undergoing a revolution based on the accelerated advances in biotechnology such as DNA microarrays and proteomics. Answers to fundamental questions such as how does the DNA sequence differ between individuals and what makes one individual more prone for a certain disease are eagerly being sought in this postgenomic era. Several government and nonprofit organizations provide the researchers access to human tissues for molecular studies. The tissues procured by the different organizations may differ with respect to fixation and processing parameters that may affect significantly the molecular profile of the tissues. It is imperative that a prospective investigator be aware of the potential contributing factors before designing a project. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the methods of human tissue acquisition, fixation, and preservation. In addition, the parameters of procurement and fixation that affect the quality of the tissues at the molecular level are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Pathology, Tzagournis Medical Research Facility, The Ohio State University, 420 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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