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Manno FAM, Lau C, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Manno SHC, Cheng SH, Barrios FA. The human amygdala disconnecting from auditory cortex preferentially discriminates musical sound of uncertain emotion by altering hemispheric weighting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14787. [PMID: 31615998 PMCID: PMC6794305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How do humans discriminate emotion from non-emotion? The specific psychophysical cues and neural responses involved with resolving emotional information in sound are unknown. In this study we used a discrimination psychophysical-fMRI sparse sampling paradigm to locate threshold responses to happy and sad acoustic stimuli. The fine structure and envelope of auditory signals were covaried to vary emotional certainty. We report that emotion identification at threshold in music utilizes fine structure cues. The auditory cortex was activated but did not vary with emotional uncertainty. Amygdala activation was modulated by emotion identification and was absent when emotional stimuli were chance identifiable, especially in the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere amygdala was considerably more deactivated in response to uncertain emotion. The threshold of emotion was signified by a right amygdala deactivation and change of left amygdala greater than right amygdala activation. Functional sex differences were noted during binaural uncertain emotional stimuli presentations, where the right amygdala showed larger activation in females. Negative control (silent stimuli) experiments investigated sparse sampling of silence to ensure modulation effects were inherent to emotional resolvability. No functional modulation of Heschl's gyrus occurred during silence; however, during rest the amygdala baseline state was asymmetrically lateralized. The evidence indicates changing hemispheric activation and deactivation patterns between the left and right amygdala is a hallmark feature of discriminating emotion from non-emotion in music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis A M Manno
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
| | - Condon Lau
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
| | - Juan Fernandez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Fernando A Barrios
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Giannantonio S, Polonenko MJ, Papsin BC, Paludetti G, Gordon KA. Experience Changes How Emotion in Music Is Judged: Evidence from Children Listening with Bilateral Cochlear Implants, Bimodal Devices, and Normal Hearing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136685. [PMID: 26317976 PMCID: PMC4552689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Children using unilateral cochlear implants abnormally rely on tempo rather than mode cues to distinguish whether a musical piece is happy or sad. This led us to question how this judgment is affected by the type of experience in early auditory development. We hypothesized that judgments of the emotional content of music would vary by the type and duration of access to sound in early life due to deafness, altered perception of musical cues through new ways of using auditory prostheses bilaterally, and formal music training during childhood. Seventy-five participants completed the Montreal Emotion Identification Test. Thirty-three had normal hearing (aged 6.6 to 40.0 years) and 42 children had hearing loss and used bilateral auditory prostheses (31 bilaterally implanted and 11 unilaterally implanted with contralateral hearing aid use). Reaction time and accuracy were measured. Accurate judgment of emotion in music was achieved across ages and musical experience. Musical training accentuated the reliance on mode cues which developed with age in the normal hearing group. Degrading pitch cues through cochlear implant-mediated hearing induced greater reliance on tempo cues, but mode cues grew in salience when at least partial acoustic information was available through some residual hearing in the contralateral ear. Finally, when pitch cues were experimentally distorted to represent cochlear implant hearing, individuals with normal hearing (including those with musical training) switched to an abnormal dependence on tempo cues. The data indicate that, in a western culture, access to acoustic hearing in early life promotes a preference for mode rather than tempo cues which is enhanced by musical training. The challenge to these preferred strategies during cochlear implant hearing (simulated and real), regardless of musical training, suggests that access to pitch cues for children with hearing loss must be improved by preservation of residual hearing and improvements in cochlear implant technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Giannantonio
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Melissa J. Polonenko
- Archie’s, Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Blake C. Papsin
- Archie’s, Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Karen A. Gordon
- Archie’s, Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Hopyan T, Manno III FAM, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Sad and happy emotion discrimination in music by children with cochlear implants. Child Neuropsychol 2015; 22:366-80. [DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2014.992400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liégeois-Chauvel C, Bénar C, Krieg J, Delbé C, Chauvel P, Giusiano B, Bigand E. How functional coupling between the auditory cortex and the amygdala induces musical emotion: a single case study. Cortex 2014; 60:82-93. [PMID: 25023618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Music is a sound structure of remarkable acoustical and temporal complexity. Although it cannot denote specific meaning, it is one of the most potent and universal stimuli for inducing mood. How the auditory and limbic systems interact, and whether this interaction is lateralized when feeling emotions related to music, remains unclear. We studied the functional correlation between the auditory cortex (AC) and amygdala (AMY) through intracerebral recordings from both hemispheres in a single patient while she listened attentively to musical excerpts, which we compared to passive listening of a sequence of pure tones. While the left primary and secondary auditory cortices (PAC and SAC) showed larger increases in gamma-band responses than the right side, only the right side showed emotion-modulated gamma oscillatory activity. An intra- and inter-hemisphere correlation was observed between the auditory areas and AMY during the delivery of a sequence of pure tones. In contrast, a strikingly right-lateralized functional network between the AC and the AMY was observed to be related to the musical excerpts the patient experienced as happy, sad and peaceful. Interestingly, excerpts experienced as angry, which the patient disliked, were associated with widespread de-correlation between all the structures. These results suggest that the right auditory-limbic interactions result from the formation of oscillatory networks that bind the activities of the network nodes into coherence patterns, resulting in the emergence of a feeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Bénar
- INS INSERM, UMR U, 1106 Marseilles, France; Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseilles, France
| | - Julien Krieg
- INS INSERM, UMR U, 1106 Marseilles, France; Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseilles, France
| | - Charles Delbé
- LEAD UMR 5022 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Chauvel
- INS INSERM, UMR U, 1106 Marseilles, France; Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseilles, France; Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Giusiano
- INS INSERM, UMR U, 1106 Marseilles, France; Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseilles, France; Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bigand
- LEAD UMR 5022 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Dijon, France
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Brockmeier SJ, Fitzgerald D, Searle O, Fitzgerald H, Grasmeder M, Hilbig S, Vermiere K, Peterreins M, Heydner S, Arnold W. The MuSIC perception test: A novel battery for testing music perception of cochlear implant users. Cochlear Implants Int 2013; 12:10-20. [DOI: 10.1179/146701010x12677899497236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Stabej KK, Smid L, Gros A, Zargi M, Kosir A, Vatovec J. The music perception abilities of prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:1392-400. [PMID: 22835930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the music perception abilities of prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants, in comparison to a group of normal-hearing children, and to consider the factors that contribute to music perception. METHODS The music perception abilities of 39 prelingually deaf children with unilateral cochlear implants were compared to the abilities of 39 normal hearing children. To assess the music listening abilities, the MuSIC perception test was adopted. The influence of the child's age, age at implantation, device experience and type of sound-processing strategy on the music perception were evaluated. The effects of auditory performance, nonverbal intellectual abilities, as well as the child's additional musical education on music perception were also considered. RESULTS Children with cochlear implants and normal hearing children performed significantly differently with respect to rhythm discrimination (55% vs. 82%, p<0.001), instrument identification (57% vs. 88%, p<0.001) and emotion rating (p=0.022). However we found no significant difference in terms of melody discrimination and dissonance rating between the two groups. There was a positive correlation between auditory performance and melody discrimination (r=0.27; p=0.031), between auditory performance and instrument identification (r=0.20; p=0.059) and between the child's grade (mark) in school music classes and melody discrimination (r=0.34; p=0.030). In children with cochlear implant only, the music perception ability assessed by the emotion rating test was negatively correlated to the child's age (r(S)=-0.38; p=0.001), age at implantation (r(S)=-0.34; p=0.032), and device experience (r(S)=-0.38; p=0.019). The child's grade in school music classes showed a positive correlation to music perception abilities assessed by rhythm discrimination test (r(S)=0.46; p<0.001), melody discrimination test (r(S)=0.28; p=0.018), and instrument identification test (r(S)=0.23; p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS As expected, there was a marked difference in the music perception abilities of prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants in comparison to the group of normal hearing children, but not for all the tests of music perception. Additional multi-centre studies, including a larger number of participants and a broader spectrum of music subtests, considering as many as possible of the factors that may contribute to music perception, seem reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kladnik Stabej
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, The University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Matthews BR, Chang CC, De May M, Engstrom J, Miller BL. Pleasurable emotional response to music: a case of neurodegenerative generalized auditory agnosia. Neurocase 2009; 15:248-59. [PMID: 19253088 PMCID: PMC2829118 DOI: 10.1080/13554790802632934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent functional neuroimaging studies implicate the network of mesolimbic structures known to be active in reward processing as the neural substrate of pleasure associated with listening to music. Psychoacoustic and lesion studies suggest that there is a widely distributed cortical network involved in processing discreet musical variables. Here we present the case of a young man with auditory agnosia as the consequence of cortical neurodegeneration who continues to experience pleasure when exposed to music. In a series of musical tasks, the subject was unable to accurately identify any of the perceptual components of music beyond simple pitch discrimination, including musical variables known to impact the perception of affect. The subject subsequently misidentified the musical character of personally familiar tunes presented experimentally, but continued to report that the activity of 'listening' to specific musical genres was an emotionally rewarding experience. The implications of this case for the evolving understanding of music perception, music misperception, music memory, and music-associated emotion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy R Matthews
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Regenstrief Health Center 6th Floor, 1050 Wishard Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202-2859, USA.
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Matthews BR. The musical brain. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2008; 88:459-469. [PMID: 18631706 DOI: 10.1016/s0072-9752(07)88023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandy R Matthews
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.
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