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Havrdová M, Urbančič I, Tománková KB, Malina L, Poláková K, Štrancar J, Bourlinos AB. Intracellular Trafficking of Cationic Carbon Dots in Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and HeLa—Time Lapse Microscopy, Concentration-Dependent Uptake, Viability, DNA Damage, and Cell Cycle Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031077. [PMID: 35162996 PMCID: PMC8835431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are potential tools for the labeling of cells with many advantages such as photostability, multicolor emission, small size, rapid uptake, biocompatibility, and easy preparation. Affinity towards organelles can be influenced by the surface properties of CDs which affect the interaction with the cell and cytoplasmic distribution. Organelle targeting by carbon dots is promising for anticancer treatment; thus, intracellular trafficking and cytotoxicity of cationic CDs was investigated. Based on our previous study, we used quaternized carbon dots (QCDs) for treatment and monitoring the behavior of two human cancer cell MCF-7 and HeLa lines. We found similarities between human cancer cells and mouse fibroblasts in the case of QCDs uptake. Time lapse microscopy of QCDs-labeled MCF-7 cells showed that cells are dying during the first two hours, faster at lower doses than at higher ones. QCDs at a concentration of 100 µg/mL entered into the nucleus before cellular death; however, at a dose of 200 µg/mL, blebbing of the cellular membrane occurred, with a subsequent penetration of QCDs into the nuclear area. In the case of HeLa cells, the dose-depended effect did not happen; however, the labeled cells were also dying in mitosis and genotoxicity occurred nearly at all doses. Moreover, contrasted intracellular compartments, probably mitochondria, were obvious after 24 h incubation with 100 µg/mL of QCDs. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) slightly increased after 24 h, depending on the concentration, thus the genotoxicity was likely evoked by the nanomaterial. A decrease in viability did not reach IC 50 as the DNA damage was probably partly repaired in the prolonged G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the defects in the G2/M phase may have allowed a damaged cell to enter mitosis and undergo apoptosis. The anticancer effect in both cell lines was manifested mainly through genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Havrdová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-585634384
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.U.); (J.Š.)
| | - Kateřina Bartoň Tománková
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.B.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Lukáš Malina
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.B.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Kateřina Poláková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Janez Štrancar
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.U.); (J.Š.)
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Liu YQ, Meng PS, Zhang HC, Liu X, Wang MX, Cao WW, Hu Z, Zhang ZG. Inhibitory effect of aloe emodin mediated photodynamic therapy on human oral mucosa carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:697-707. [PMID: 29102913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a study on inhibition of human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo, using novel photosensitizer (PS) aloe emodin (AE) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT). Distinct morphology changes of oral mucosa carcinoma KB cells were observed under an optical microscope and cell migrations were inhibited owing to AE-PDT. The cell proliferation was blocked in G1 phase and the apoptosis increase were both caused by massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from photoactivated AE. The upregulation of Caspase-3 and Bax protein levels and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein levels were observed after AE-PDT. The survival time of tumor mouse was prolonged without side effects ascribed to AE-PDT and its inhibitory effect on mice transplantation tumors was significant. It is indicated that AE mediated PDT is an innovative way to oral cancer treatment with the dominances of effectivity, minimal invasion, tissue integrity retention and none side effects on main organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Pei-Song Meng
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
| | - Hong-Chao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Meng-Xi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Wen-Wu Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Zheng Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, PR China.
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Li Q, Tang M, Zhou A. In vitro detection of diesel exhaust particles induced human lung carcinoma epithelial cells damage and the effect of resveratrol. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:747-757. [PMID: 27933654 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
People are taking up antioxidants in their daily diet and being exposed to a potential diesel exhaust particles (DEP)-containing environment. Thus it is important to study in vitro cellular responses when cells are exposed to DEP with or without antioxidant treatment. The investigation of DEP and resveratrol (RES) on cellular biophysical and biochemical changes is needed to better understand the mechanisms of DEP and RES in mammalian cells. A combination of two non-invasive techniques (atomic force microscopy, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy, RM) and multimodal tools were applied to evaluate the biophysical, biochemical alterations and cytokine, membrane potential and cell cycle of cells with or without RES pretreatment to different times of DEP exposure. AFM results indicated that RES protected cells from DEP-induced damage to cytoskeleton and cell architectures, and noted that RES treatments also attenuated DEP-induced alterations in cell elasticity and surface adhesion force over DEP incubation time. RM monitored the changes in characteristic Raman peak intensities of DNA and protein over the DEP exposure time for both RES and non-RES treated groups. The cytokine and chemokine changes quantified by Multiplex ELISA revealed that the inflammatory responses were enhanced with the increase in DEP exposure time and that RES enhanced the expression levels of cytokine and chemokine. This work demonstrated that significant biophysical and biochemical changes in cells might be relevant to early pathological changes induced by DEP damage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Anhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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Wang X, Hu J, Wang P, Zhang S, Liu Y, Xiong W, Liu Q. Analysis of the in vivo and in vitro effects of photodynamic therapy on breast cancer by using a sensitizer, sinoporphyrin sodium. Theranostics 2015; 5:772-86. [PMID: 25897341 PMCID: PMC4402500 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging theranostic modality for various cancers and diseases. Photosensitizers are critical components for PDT. Sinoporphyrin sodium, referred to as DVDMS, is a newly identified photosensitizer that was isolated from Photofrin. Here, we evaluated the effects of DVDMS-mediated PDT (DVDMS-PDT) on tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in the highly metastatic 4T1 cell line and a mouse xenograft model. DVDMS-PDT elicited a potent phototoxic effect in vitro, which was abolished using the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine. In addition, DVDMS-PDT effectively inhibited the migration of 4T1 cells in scratch wound-healing and transwell assays. Using an in vivo mouse model, DVDMS-PDT greatly prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice and inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis, consistent with in vitro findings. PDT with DVDMS had a greater anti-tumor efficacy than clinically used Photofrin. Moreover, preliminary toxicological results indicate that DVDMS is relatively safe. These results suggest that DVDMS is a promising sensitizer that warrants further development for use in cancer treatment with PDT or other sensitizing agent-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- 1. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoliang Zhang
- 2. Qinglong High-Tech Co., Ltd, Yichun, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Liu
- 1. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Xiong
- 1. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- 1. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Hu J, Wang X, Liu Q, Zhang K, Xiong W, Xu C, Wang P, Leung AW. Antitumor Effect of Sinoporphyrin Sodium-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Human Esophageal Cancer Eca-109 Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1404-12. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Sciences; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Sciences; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Sciences; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Sciences; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wenli Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Sciences; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Sciences; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- School of Chinese Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong China
| | - Albert Wingnang Leung
- School of Chinese Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong China
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Sensing biophysical alterations of human lung epithelial cells (A549) in the context of toxicity effects of diesel exhaust particles. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:1147-56. [PMID: 23712864 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in urban air are associated with numerous respiratory diseases. The role of underlying biomechanics in cytotoxicity of individual lung cells relating to DEP exposure is unclear. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal Raman microspectroscopy (RM), and fluorescence (FL) microscopy were used to monitor alterations of single A549 cells exposed to DEP. Results revealed a significant decrease in membrane surface adhesion force and a significant change in cell elasticity as a function of DEP-cell interaction time, and the dynamic changes in cellular biocomponents which were reflected by changes of characteristic Raman bands: 726 cm(-1) (adenine), 782 cm(-1) (uracil, cytosine, thymine), 788 cm(-1) (O-P-O), 1006 cm(-1) (phenylalanine), and 1320 cm(-1) (guanine) after DEP exposure. These findings suggest that the combination of multi-instruments (e.g., AFM/FL) may offer an exciting platform for investigating the roles of biophysical and biochemical responses to particulate matter-induced cell toxicity.
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Combination of a novel photosensitizer DTPP with 650 nm laser results in efficient apoptosis, arresting cell cycle and cytoskeleton protein changes in lung cancer A549 cells. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:77-82. [PMID: 24964751 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using photosensitized reaction to produce cytotoxicity was used for cancer therapy in recent years. To study the effectiveness of PDT mediated by a novel photosensitizer (PS), DTPP 5-(4'-(2″-dicarboxymethylamino)acetamidophenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenylporphyrin, on lung cancer A549 cell lines in vitro, DTPP was employed in different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, and 30 μg/ml) and combined with 650 nm laser of different power densities (0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, and 9.6 J/cm(2)) that resulted in obvious inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results showed that cell survival rates have a dependent relationship with time and PS concentrations and no significant cytotoxicity was induced by DTPP itself. Apoptosis and cell cycle S arrest were observed; cytoskeleton morphologic observation revealed collapse, sparkling, and shrunken shapes. Apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 overexpression was detected while caspase-9, bcl-2, and cytoskeleton protein beta-catenin were in low levels of expression than the control. Cleavage of beta-catenin by caspase-3 or other proteases from the lysosome might be the main reason for the cytoskeleton collapse as beta-tubulin and actin were at a stable level 12 h after PDT. This paper gives a better understanding of the effectiveness of DTPP-mediated PDT in lung cancer A549 cells both with regard to dosimetry and apoptosis changes.
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Fritz H, Seely D, Kennedy DA, Fernandes R, Cooley K, Fergusson D. Green Tea and Lung Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2012; 12:7-24. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735412442378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Green tea is a beverage widely used by lung cancer patients and the public for its purported anticancer properties. The authors conducted a systematic review of green tea for the treatment and prevention of lung cancer. Methodology: Six electronic databases were searched from inception until November 2011 for human interventional and preclinical evidence pertaining to the safety and efficacy of green tea for lung cancer. Results: A total of 84 articles met inclusion criteria: two Phase I trials, three reports of one surrogate study, and 79 preclinical studies. There is a lack of controlled trials investigating green tea for lung cancer. Two Phase I studies showed no objective tumor responses at the maximum tolerated dose, ranging from 3 to 4.2 g/m2 green tea extract (GTE) per day. Four cups of green tea daily decreased DNA damage (8OH-dG) in smokers. Human studies indicate that 800mg of green tea catechins daily does not alter activity of the CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 enzymes, however in vitro evidence suggests that green tea may bind to and reduce the effectiveness of bortezomib. Green tea applied topically may improve the healing time of radiation burns. Conclusions: Although some evidence suggests that chemopreventative benefits can be accrued from green tea, there is currently insufficient evidence to support green tea as a treatment or preventative agent for lung cancer. Green tea should not be used by patients on bortezomib therapy. Further research is warranted to explore this natural agent for lung cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Fritz
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dugald Seely
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Integrative Cancer Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah A. Kennedy
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rochelle Fernandes
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kieran Cooley
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yang X, Liu X, Lu H, Zhang X, Ma L, Gao R, Zhang Y. Real-Time Investigation of Acute Toxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles on Human Lung Epithelia with Hopping Probe Ion Conductance Microscopy. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:297-304. [PMID: 22191635 DOI: 10.1021/tx2004823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Neurological Institute; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma
Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, People's Republic of China 300052
| | - Xiao Liu
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
| | - Hujie Lu
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
| | - Liying Ma
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
| | - Ruiling Gao
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, China National Academy of Nanotechnology & Engineering, Tianjin, China 300457
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Neurological Institute; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma
Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, People's Republic of China 300052
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