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Chen W, Wang Q, Tao H, Lu L, Zhou J, Wang Q, Huang W, Yang X. Subchondral osteoclasts and osteoarthritis: new insights and potential therapeutic avenues. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:499-512. [PMID: 38439665 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, and good therapeutic results are often difficult to obtain due to its complex pathogenesis and diverse causative factors. After decades of research and exploration of OA, it has been progressively found that subchondral bone is essential for its pathogenesis, and pathological changes in subchondral bone can be observed even before cartilage lesions develop. Osteoclasts, the main cells regulating bone resorption, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of subchondral bone. Subchondral osteoclasts regulate the homeostasis of subchondral bone through the secretion of degradative enzymes, immunomodulation, and cell signaling pathways. In OA, osteoclasts are overactivated by autophagy, ncRNAs, and Rankl/Rank/OPG signaling pathways. Excessive bone resorption disrupts the balance of bone remodeling, leading to increased subchondral bone loss, decreased bone mineral density and consequent structural damage to articular cartilage and joint pain. With increased understanding of bone biology and targeted therapies, researchers have found that the activity and function of subchondral osteoclasts are affected by multiple pathways. In this review, we summarize the roles and mechanisms of subchondral osteoclasts in OA, enumerate the latest advances in subchondral osteoclast-targeted therapy for OA, and look forward to the future trends of subchondral osteoclast-targeted therapies in clinical applications to fill the gaps in the current knowledge of OA treatment and to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Chen
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qiufei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Lingfeng Lu
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
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Ganeson K, Tan Xue May C, Abdullah AAA, Ramakrishna S, Vigneswari S. Advantages and Prospective Implications of Smart Materials in Tissue Engineering: Piezoelectric, Shape Memory, and Hydrogels. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2356. [PMID: 37765324 PMCID: PMC10535616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional biomaterial is frequently used in the biomedical sector for various therapies, imaging, treatment, and theranostic functions. However, their properties are fixed to meet certain applications. Smart materials respond in a controllable and reversible way, modifying some of their properties because of external stimuli. However, protein-based smart materials allow modular protein domains with different functionalities and responsive behaviours to be easily combined. Wherein, these "smart" behaviours can be tuned by amino acid identity and sequence. This review aims to give an insight into the design of smart materials, mainly protein-based piezoelectric materials, shape-memory materials, and hydrogels, as well as highlight the current progress and challenges of protein-based smart materials in tissue engineering. These materials have demonstrated outstanding regeneration of neural, skin, cartilage, bone, and cardiac tissues with great stimuli-responsive properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biofunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisheni Ganeson
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnolgy (ICAMB), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Cindy Tan Xue May
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Amirul Al Ashraf Abdullah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Gelugor 11700, Penang, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | - Sevakumaran Vigneswari
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnolgy (ICAMB), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
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Sallam M, Wilson PW, Andersson B, Schmutz M, Benavides C, Dominguez-Gasca N, Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Dunn IC, De Koning DJ, Johnsson M. Genetic markers associated with bone composition in Rhode Island Red laying hens. Genet Sel Evol 2023; 55:44. [PMID: 37386416 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-023-00818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone damage has welfare and economic impacts on modern commercial poultry and is known as one of the major challenges in the poultry industry. Bone damage is particularly common in laying hens and is probably due to the physiological link between bone and the egg laying process. Previous studies identified and validated quantitative trait loci (QTL) for bone strength in White Leghorn laying hens based on several measurements, including bone composition measurements on the cortex and medulla of the tibia bone. In a previous pedigree-based analysis, bone composition measurements showed heritabilities ranging from 0.18 to 0.41 and moderate to strong genetic correlations with tibia strength and density. Bone composition was measured using infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The aim of this study was to combine these bone composition measurements with genotyping data via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to investigate genetic markers that contribute to genetic variance in bone composition in Rhode Island Red laying hens. In addition, we investigated the genetic correlations between bone composition and bone strength. RESULTS We found novel genetic markers that are significantly associated with cortical lipid, cortical mineral scattering, medullary organic matter, and medullary mineralization. Composition of the bone organic matter showed more significant associations than bone mineral composition. We also found interesting overlaps between the GWAS results for tibia composition traits, particularly for cortical lipid and tibia strength. Bone composition measurements by infrared spectroscopy showed more significant associations than thermogravimetry measurements. Based on the results of infrared spectroscopy, cortical lipid showed the highest genetic correlations with tibia density, which was negative (- 0.20 ± 0.04), followed by cortical CO3/PO4 (0.18 ± 0.04). Based on the results of thermogravimetry, medullary organic matter% and mineral% showed the highest genetic correlations with tibia density (- 0.25 ± 0.04 and 0.25 ± 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study detected novel genetic associations for bone composition traits, particularly those involving organic matter, that could be used as a basis for further molecular genetic investigations. Tibia cortical lipids displayed the strongest genetic associations of all the composition measurements, including a significantly high genetic correlation with tibia density and strength. Our results also highlighted that cortical lipid may be a key measurement for further avian bone studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moh Sallam
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75651, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Peter W Wilson
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Cristina Benavides
- Departamento de Mineralogia y Petrologia, Universidad de Granada, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ian C Dunn
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Martin Johnsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75651, Uppsala, Sweden
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Liu W, Fu X, Li R. CNN1 regulates the DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin/c-myc signaling pathway by activating TIMP2 to inhibit the invasion, migration and EMT of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:855. [PMID: 34178128 PMCID: PMC8220635 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of calponin 1 (CNN1) on the invasion and migration of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) cells and the associations between CNN1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2), Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and the Wnt/β-catenin/c-myc signaling pathway. The expression levels of CNN1 and TIMP2 in LUSC cells and the association between CNN1 and TIMP2 were predicted using the GEPIA database. The cells were transiently transfected to overexpress CNN1, which resulted in inhibition of DKK1 and TIMP2 expression levels. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect the invasive and migratory abilities of LUSC cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to investigate the expression levels of CNN1, MMP2, MMP9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin (N-cad), SLUG, DKK1, β-catenin and c-myc. The expression levels of N-cad were detected using immunofluorescence staining. The results indicated that overexpression of CNN1 inhibited the invasion and migration of NCI-H2170 cells. Inhibition of DKK1 reversed this change and the expression levels of β-catenin and c-myc were upregulated, whereas the expression levels of DKK1 were downregulated with a concomitant inhibition of TIMP2. In summary, these results demonstrated that CNN1 regulated the DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin/c-myc signaling pathway by activating TIMP2 to inhibit the invasion, migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of LUSC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, Xinyu, Jiangxi 338000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinyu People's Hospital, Xinyu, Jiangxi 338000, P.R. China
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinyu People's Hospital, Xinyu, Jiangxi 338000, P.R. China
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Zaydman AM, Strokova EL, Pahomova NY, Gusev AF, Mikhaylovskiy MV, Shevchenko AI, Zaidman MN, Shilo AR, Subbotin VM. Etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Review of the literature and new epigenetic hypothesis on altered neural crest cells migration in early embryogenesis as the key event. Med Hypotheses 2021; 151:110585. [PMID: 33932710 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects 2-3% of children. Numerous hypotheses on etiologic/causal factors of AIS were investigated, but all failed to identify therapeutic targets and hence failed to offer a cure. Therefore, currently there are only two options to minimize morbidity of the patients suffering AIS: bracing and spinal surgery. From the beginning of 1960th, spinal surgery, both fusion and rod placement, became the standard of management for progressive adolescent idiopathic spine deformity. However, spinal surgery is often associated with complications. These circumstances motivate AIS scientific community to continue the search for new etiologic and causal factors of AIS. While the role of the genetic factors in AIS pathogenesis was investigated intensively and universally recognized, these studies failed to nominate mutation of a particular gene or genes combination responsible for AIS development. More recently epigenetic factors were suggested to play causal role in AIS pathogenesis. Sharing this new approach, we investigated scoliotic vertebral growth plates removed during vertebral fusion (anterior surgery) for AIS correction. In recent publications we showed that cells from the convex side of human scoliotic deformities undergo normal chondrogenic/osteogenic differentiation, while cells from the concave side acquire a neuronal phenotype. Based on these facts we hypothesized that altered neural crest cell migration in early embryogenesis can be the etiological factor of AIS. In particular, we suggested that neural crest cells failed to migrate through the anterior half of somites and became deposited in sclerotome, which in turn produced chondrogenic/osteogenic-insufficient vertebral growth plates. To test this hypothesis we conducted experiments on chicken embryos with arrest neural crest cell migration by inhibiting expression of Paired-box 3 (Pax3) gene, a known enhancer and promoter of neural crest cells migration and differentiation. The results showed that chicken embryos treated with Pax3 siRNA (microinjection into the neural tube, 44 h post-fertilization) progressively developed scoliotic deformity during maturation. Therefore, this analysis suggests that although adolescent idiopathic scoliosis manifests in children around puberty, the real onset of the disease is of epigenetic nature and takes place in early embryogenesis and involves altered neural crest cells migration. If these results confirmed and further elaborated, the hypothesis may shed new light on the etiology and pathogenesis of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla M Zaydman
- Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena L Strokova
- Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya Y Pahomova
- Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Arkady F Gusev
- Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Mikhaylovskiy
- Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander I Shevchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Andrey R Shilo
- Novosibirsk Zoo named after R.A. Shilo, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Subbotin
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals Inc., Madison WI, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA; University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA.
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Lu DZ, Dong W, Feng XJ, Chen H, Liu JJ, Wang H, Zang LY, Qi MC. CaMKII(δ) regulates osteoclastogenesis through ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs and CREB signalling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 508:110791. [PMID: 32173349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are a group of important molecules mediating calcium signal transmission and have been proved to participate in osteoclastogenesis regulation. CaMKII, a subtype of CaMKs is expressed during osteoclast differentiation, but its role in osteoclastogenesis regulation remains controversial. In the present study, we identified that both mRNA and protein levels of CaMKII (δ) were upregulated in a time-dependent manner during osteoclast differentiation. CaMKII (δ) gene silencing significantly inhibited osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and expression of osteoclast-related genes, including nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and c-Src. Furthermore, CaMKII (δ) gene silencing downregulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including JNK, ERK, and p38, which were transiently activated by RANKL. Specific inhibitors of ERK, JNK, and p38 also markedly inhibited expression of osteoclast-related genes, osteoclast formation, and bone resorption like CaMKII (δ) gene silencing. Additionally, CaMKII (δ) gene silencing also suppressed RANKL-triggered CREB phosphorylation. Collectively, these data demonstrate the important role of CaMKII (δ) in osteoclastogenesis regulation through JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPKs and CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhuang Lu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, 21, Bohai Road, District of Caofeidian, Tangshan City, 063210, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, 21, Bohai Road, District of Caofeidian, Tangshan City, 063210, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Feng
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, 21, Bohai Road, District of Caofeidian, Tangshan City, 063210, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, 063000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Juan-Juan Liu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, 21, Bohai Road, District of Caofeidian, Tangshan City, 063210, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, 21, Bohai Road, District of Caofeidian, Tangshan City, 063210, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Lu-Yang Zang
- Department of Endocrinology (Section 1), Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan City, 063000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Chun Qi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, 21, Bohai Road, District of Caofeidian, Tangshan City, 063210, Hebei Province, PR China.
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Myosins in Osteoclast Formation and Function. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040157. [PMID: 30467281 PMCID: PMC6317158 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal quantity and quality are determined by processes of bone modeling and remodeling, which are undertaken by cells that build and resorb bone as they respond to mechanical, hormonal, and other external and internal signals. As the sole bone resorptive cell type, osteoclasts possess a remarkably dynamic actin cytoskeleton that drives their function in this enterprise. Actin rearrangements guide osteoclasts’ capacity for precursor fusion during differentiation, for migration across bone surfaces and sensing of their composition, and for generation of unique actin superstructures required for the resorptive process. In this regard, it is not surprising that myosins, the superfamily of actin-based motor proteins, play key roles in osteoclast physiology. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge of the osteoclast actin cytoskeleton and describes myosins’ roles in osteoclast differentiation, migration, and actin superstructure patterning.
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Gorman KF, Julien C, Moreau A. The genetic epidemiology of idiopathic scoliosis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2012; 21:1905-19. [PMID: 22695700 PMCID: PMC3463687 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-012-2389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Idiopathic scoliosis is a complex developmental syndrome defined by an abnormal structural curvature of the spine. High treatment costs, chronic pain/discomfort, and the need for monitoring at-risk individuals contribute to the global healthcare burden of this musculoskeletal disease. Although many studies have endeavored to identify underlying genes, little progress has been made in understanding the etiopathogenesis. The objective of this comprehensive review was to summarize genetic associations/linkages with idiopathic scoliosis, as well as explore the strengths and weaknesses of each study, such that it may serve as a guide for the design and interpretation of future genetic studies in scoliosis. Methods We searched PubMed and Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator using the search terms “gene and scoliosis”. Linkage or association studies published in English and available full-text were further analyzed as regards results, experimental design, and statistical approach. Results We identified and analyzed 50 studies matching our criteria. These consisted of 34 candidate gene studies (6 linkage, 28 association) and 16 genome-wide studies [14 pedigree-based linkage, 2 genome-wide association studies (GWAS)]. Findings involved genes related to connective tissue structure, bone formation/metabolism, melatonin signaling pathways, puberty and growth, and axon guidance pathways. Variability in results between studies suggested ethnic and/or genetic heterogeneity. Conclusions The major difficulty in idiopathic scoliosis research is phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Genetic research was overrepresented by underpowered studies. The use of biological endophenotypes, as well as restricted clinical definitions, may help to partition variation and increase the power of studies to detect or confirm an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Fay Gorman
- Viscogliosi Laboratory in Molecular Genetics of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Vidaud C, Bourgeois D, Meyer D. Bone as Target Organ for Metals: The Case of f-Elements. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1161-75. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300064m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Vidaud
- CEA, IBEB, LEPC, BP 17171, F-30207
Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Damien Bourgeois
- ICSM, UMR 5257/CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENSCM,
BP17171, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Daniel Meyer
- ICSM, UMR 5257/CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENSCM,
BP17171, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Gao X, Wang Q, Wang J, Wang C, Lu L, Gao R, Huan F, Dixon D, Xiao H. Expression of calmodulin in germ cells is associated with fenvalerate-induced male reproductive toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:1443-51. [PMID: 22437841 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fenvalerate was demonstrated to be toxic to the male reproductive system. Our previous data revealed that intracellular calcium plays an important role in regulating the above toxicity, through actions on both T-type calcium channels and endoplasmic reticulum calcium signals. The present study explored the effects of fenvalerate on the expression of calmodulin in mouse testis and GC-2spd(ts) cells, and its association with fenvalerate-induced male reproductive toxicity. Male mice were subjected to different doses (3.71, 18.56, 37.12, 92.81 mg/kg bw) of fenvalerate or vehicle control for 4 weeks. Expression of calmodulin was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis in mouse testis. Similar approaches were utilized in GC-2spd(ts) cells cultured with 5 μM fenvalerate at different time points. In the in vivo study, all mice survived through the entire 4 weeks. Administration of fenvalerate resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in testis weight/body weight, sperm motility, and increased head abnormality rate. By histological staining, mice treated with fenvalerate at higher doses showed dilated seminiferous tubules and disturbed arrangement of spermatogenic cells. Meanwhile, both mRNA and protein expression of calmodulin were significantly increased in the testes of mice exposed to fenvalerate compared to control mice. Moreover, in the in vitro study, 5 μM fenvalerate significantly increased the expression of calmodulin at the mRNA and protein levels in GC-2spd(ts) cells after 8 h of incubation and sustained these levels for at least 24 h. Collectively, these data suggested that enhanced expression of calmodulin correlates with male reproductive damage induced by fenvalerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Yao CH, Zhang P, Zhang L. Differential protein and mRNA expression of CaMKs during osteoclastogenesis and its functional implications. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:532-9. [PMID: 22428553 DOI: 10.1139/o2012-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) family has been recently recognized to participate in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. However, there are some controversial reports regarding the mRNA expression patterns of CaMKs during osteoclastogenesis, although the protein expression pattern of most CaMKs during osteoclastogenesis have not been studied. In the present study, we attempted to address this issue by using a mouse bone marrow monocyte model and parallel Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Our results revealed some interesting expression patterns of CaMKs during the process. Among all CaMKs examined, only CaMKIIδ exhibited consistent expression patterns between its mRNA and protein with both rising remarkably during osteoclastogenesis. CaMKIV protein was not detectable during the first three days of cell culture, but it rose on Day 5. The CaMK inhibitor, KN93, subdued osteoclastogenesis during the first three days of cell culture, a time when CaMKIV was absent while other KN93-sensitive CaMKs presented. In addition, KN93 was found to inhibit the expression of some early receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signaling intermediates (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt) in the non-differentiated mouse bone marrow monocytes. Collectively, these data reveal differential expression patterns of KN93-sensitive CaMK proteins and their mRNAs during osteoclastogenesis, supporting a CaMKII-RANK signaling interaction in the regulation of early osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hua Yao
- Palmer Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, 4705 S. Clyde Morris Blvd, Port Orange, FL 32129, USA
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12
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Dai ZK, Qin JK, Huang JE, Luo Y, Xu Q, Zhao HL. Tanshinone IIA activates calcium-dependent apoptosis signaling pathway in human hepatoma cells. J Nat Med 2011; 66:192-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Ma Y, Fu D, Liu Z. Effect of lead on apoptosis in cultured rat primary osteoblasts. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:136-46. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711407956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of lead exposure on apoptosis of cultured rat primary osteoblasts (ROBs), which were derived from newborn calvariae of Sprague Dawley rat. They were identified by the staining of alkaline phosphatase and mineralized matrix. The ROBs were received at 0, 20, 40 and 80 μM Pb2+ of lead acetate solution for 24 h, respectively, before being doubly marked by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide. The intracellular concentration of calcium ([Ca2+]i) was detected under the laser scan confocal microscope. The activities of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) were measured and the effect of lead exposure on the expression of PC-PLC was observed by immunoblotting assay. The results showed that when compared with that of the control group, lead exposure induced an increase of [Ca2+]i of lead-treated ROBs, resulting in a significant development in apoptosis. In the meantime, a significant decline in protein level and enzymatic activities of PC-PLC were observed in a dose-dependent manner. It was concluded that lead can induce apoptosis in ROBs, and one of the mechanisms of lead-induced apoptosis may be that activating intracellular calcium stores by decreasing protein levels and enzymatic activities of PC-PLC can increase the [Ca2+]i, and consequently, the apoptotic signal pathway can be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushui Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The skeleton provides mechanical support for stature and locomotion, protects vital organs, and controls mineral homeostasis. A healthy skeleton must be maintained by constant bone modeling to carry out these crucial functions throughout life. Bone remodeling involves the removal of old or damaged bone by osteoclasts (bone resorption) and the subsequent replacement of new bone formed by osteoblasts (bone formation). Normal bone remodeling requires a tight coupling of bone resorption to bone formation to guarantee no alteration in bone mass or quality after each remodeling cycle. However, this important physiological process can be derailed by a variety of factors, including menopause-associated hormonal changes, age-related factors, changes in physical activity, drugs, and secondary diseases, which lead to the development of various bone disorders in both women and men. We review the major diseases of bone remodeling, emphasizing our current understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- Department of Pathology and the Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0007; ,
| | - Jay M. McDonald
- Department of Pathology and the Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0007; ,
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35233
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Kovacic N, Grcevic D, Katavic V, Lukic IK, Marusic A. Targeting Fas in osteoresorptive disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:1121-34. [PMID: 20854180 PMCID: PMC3035871 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2010.522347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Fas receptor is a mediator of the external apoptotic pathway in many cells and tissues. It is proposed that Fas receptor mediates osteoresorptive effects of estrogen deficiency and local/systemic inflammation. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review covers the past two decades of research on the expression and function of the Fas-Fas ligand system on bone cells, involvement in the pathogenesis of osteoresorption and potential therapeutic modulation. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN We review the structure, biological function and intracellular signaling pathways of the Fas-Fas ligand system emphasizing the role of the non-apoptotic signaling pathways in bone cells, particularly osteoblast differentiation. We also present data on the in vitro expression and function of the Fas-Fas ligand system on osteoblast/osteoclast lineage cells, animal and human studies confirming its involvement in osteoresorptive disorders and potential therapeutic approaches to modulate its function. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Tissue specific therapeutic approaches need to be established to modify the Fas-Fas ligand system in osteoresorptive disorders as systemic targeting has many side effects. The most promising approach would be to target Fas signaling molecules coupled with osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation pathways, but a precise definition of these targets is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Kovacic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Zagreb, HR-10000, Croatia.
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