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Santos C, Maia J, Pereira S, Vasconcelos O, Garganta R, Lightfoot JT, Tani G, Hedeker D, Katzmarzyk PT, Bustamante A. Sibling Resemblance in Physical Activity Levels: The Peruvian Sibling Study on Growth and Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4210. [PMID: 36901221 PMCID: PMC10001479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with a host of positive health outcomes and is shaped by both genetic and environmental factors. We aim to: (1) estimate sibling resemblance in two physical activity phenotypes [total number of steps∙day-1 and minutes for moderate steps per day (min∙day-1)]; and (2) investigate the joint associations of individual characteristics and shared natural environment with intra-pair sibling similarities in each phenotype. We sampled 247 biological siblings from 110 nuclear families, aged 6-17 years, from three Peruvian regions. Physical activity was measured using pedometers and body mass index was calculated. In general, non-significant variations in the intraclass correlation coefficients were found after adjustment for individual characteristics and geographical area for both phenotypes. Further, no significant differences were found between the three sib-ship types. Sister-sister pairs tended to take fewer steps than brother-brother (β = -2908.75 ± 954.31). Older siblings tended to walk fewer steps (β = -81.26 ± 19.83), whereas body mass index was not associated with physical activity. Siblings living at high-altitude and in the Amazon region had higher steps/day (β = 2508.92 ± 737.94; β = 2213.11 ± 776.63, respectively) compared with their peers living at sea-level. In general, we found no influence of sib-types, body mass index, and/or environment on the two physical activity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Olga Vasconcelos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - J. Timothy Lightfoot
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Alcibíades Bustamante
- School of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle, 60637 La Cantuta, Lurigancho-Chosica 15472, Peru
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2
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Vettori A, Paolacci S, Maltese PE, Herbst KL, Cestari M, Michelini S, Michelini S, Samaja M, Bertelli M. Genetic Determinants of the Effects of Training on Muscle and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis in Obesity Associated with Lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol 2020; 19:322-333. [PMID: 33373545 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that metabolic changes associated with training are influenced by a person's genetic background. In this review, we explore the polymorphisms underlying interindividual variability in response to training of weight loss and muscle mass increase in obese individuals, with or without lymphedema, and in normal-weight subjects. We searched PubMed for articles in English published up to May 2019 using the following keywords: (((physical training[Title/Abstract] OR sport activity[Title/Abstract]) AND predisposition[Title/Abstract]) AND polymorphism [Title/Abstract]). We identified 38 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that may modulate the genetic adaptive response to training. The identification of genetic marker(s) that improve the beneficial effects of training may in perspective make it possible to assess training programs, which in combination with dietary intervention can optimize body weight reduction in obese subjects, with or without lymphedema. This is particularly important for patients with lymphedema because obesity can worsen the clinical status, and therefore, a personalized approach that could reduce obesity would be fundamental in the clinical management of lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vettori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Karen L Herbst
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marina Cestari
- Study Centre Pianeta Linfedema, Terni, Italy.,Lymphology Sector of the Rehabilitation Service, USLUmbria2, Terni, Italy
| | - Sandro Michelini
- Department of Vascular Rehabilitation, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Michelini
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan-San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S Lab, Rovereto, Italy.,MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy.,EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto, Italy
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Aaltonen S, Latvala A, Jelenkovic A, Rose RJ, Kujala UM, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Physical Activity and Academic Performance: Genetic and Environmental Associations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:381-390. [PMID: 31425387 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity and academic performance are believed to be associated. Though both traits are partially heritable, it remains unclear whether these traits also share a genetic and/or environmental background in common. We aimed to examine to what extent leisure time physical activity and academic performance share genetic and environmental effects from early adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS Participants were Finnish twins (2543-2693 individuals/study wave) who reported their leisure-time physical activity at ages 12, 14, 17, and 24 yr. Academic performance was assessed with teacher-reported grade point averages at ages 12 and 14 yr and by self-reported educational levels at ages 17 and 24 yr. Bivariate quantitative genetic modeling at each age and between different ages was performed to decompose the trait correlation between academic performance and physical activity into genetic and environmental components. RESULTS The trait correlations between leisure-time physical activity and academic performance were positive, but modest at most (rtrait = 0.08-0.22 in males, and 0.07-0.18 in females). The genetic correlations between leisure-time physical activity and academic performance were higher than the trait correlations (rA = 0.17-0.43 in males, and 0.15-0.25 in females). Common genetic influences explained 43% to 100% of the trait correlations. Environmental influences shared by cotwins between leisure-time physical activity and academic performance were also correlated (rC = 0.27-0.54 in males, and 0.21-0.69 in females) explaining 41% to 100% of the trait correlations. Unique environmental influences were correlated only in females (rE = 0.10-0.15). CONCLUSIONS Both common genetic background and shared family environment (i.e., familial background) partially account for the associations observed between leisure-time physical activity and academic performance. However, the estimates vary in magnitude by age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | | | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | | | - Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
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Hara M, Hachiya T, Sutoh Y, Matsuo K, Nishida Y, Shimanoe C, Tanaka K, Shimizu A, Ohnaka K, Kawaguchi T, Oze I, Matsuda F, Ito H, Kawai S, Hishida A, Okada R, Sasakabe T, Hirata A, Ibusuki R, Nindita Y, Furusyo N, Ikezaki H, Kuriyama N, Ozaki E, Mikami H, Nakamura Y, Suzuki S, Hosono A, Katsuura-Kamano S, Arisawa K, Kuriki K, Endoh K, Takashima N, Kadota A, Nakatochi M, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Naito M, Wakai K. Genomewide Association Study of Leisure-Time Exercise Behavior in Japanese Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 50:2433-2441. [PMID: 30102679 PMCID: PMC6282671 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Purpose Although several genetic factors may play a role in leisure-time exercise behavior, there is currently no evidence of a significant genomewide association, and candidate gene replication studies have produced inconsistent results. Methods We conducted a two-stage genomewide association study and candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) association study on leisure-time exercise behavior using 13,980 discovery samples from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study, and 2036 replication samples from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center-2 study. Leisure-time physical activity was measured using a self-administered questionnaire that inquired about the type, frequency and duration of exercise. Participants with ≥4 MET·h·wk−1 of leisure-time physical activity were defined as exhibiting leisure-time exercise behavior. Association testing using mixed linear regression models was performed on the discovery and replication samples, after which the results were combined in a meta-analysis. In addition, we tested six candidate genetic variants derived from previous genomewide association study. Results We found that one novel SNP (rs10252228) located in the intergenic region between NPSR1 and DPY19L1 was significantly associated with leisure-time exercise behavior in discovery samples. This association was also significant in replication samples (combined P value by meta-analysis = 2.2 × 10−9). Several SNP linked with rs10252228 were significantly associated with gene expression of DPY19L1 and DP19L2P1 in skeletal muscle, heart, whole blood, and the nervous system. Among the candidate SNP, rs12612420 in DNAPTP6 demonstrated nominal significance in discovery samples but not in replication samples. Conclusions We identified a novel genetic variant associated with regular leisure-time exercise behavior. Further functional studies are required to validate the role of these variants in exercise behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, JAPAN
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, JAPAN
| | - Yoichi Sutoh
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, JAPAN
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, JAPAN.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, JAPAN
| | - Chisato Shimanoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, JAPAN
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, JAPAN
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, JAPAN
| | - Keizo Ohnaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JAPAN
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, JAPAN.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, JAPAN.,Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Sayo Kawai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, JAPAN.,Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Aichi, JAPAN
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Tae Sasakabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, JAPAN.,Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Aichi, JAPAN
| | - Akie Hirata
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Rie Ibusuki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, JAPAN
| | - Yora Nindita
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, JAPAN.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, INDONESIA
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JAPAN
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, JAPAN
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Haruo Mikami
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Akihiro Hosono
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tsukuba, JAPAN
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tsukuba, JAPAN
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, JAPAN
| | - Kaori Endoh
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, JAPAN
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, JAPAN
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, JAPAN.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, JAPAN
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Statistical Analysis Section, Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, JAPAN
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Riken Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, JAPAN.,Department of Oral Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JAPAN
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, JAPAN
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5
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Zhang X, Speakman JR. Genetic Factors Associated With Human Physical Activity: Are Your Genes Too Tight To Prevent You Exercising? Endocrinology 2019; 160:840-852. [PMID: 30721946 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity (PA) on health and fitness are well known. It has become apparent from studies of heritability that there is a considerable genetic component to PA. However, PA is such a complex phenotype that the measurement and quantification of it provide a challenge to a clearer understanding of its genetic basis. In this review, we assessed available evidence from family and twin studies that have estimated the heritability of PA. Heritability is greater when evaluated by accelerometry compared with questionnaires, and for questionnaires higher in twin than family studies. Accelerometry studies suggest heritability of PA is 51% to 56%. There have been many genome-wide linkage studies, candidate gene studies, and four genome-wide association studies that have highlighted specific genetic factors linked to different PA levels. These studies have generally failed to replicate identified loci, with the exception of the melanocortin 4 receptor, and this may be because of the variability in the measurement techniques used to characterize the behavior. Future work should aim to standardize the procedures used to measure PA in the context of trying to identify genetic causes. The link of genetics to physical exercise is not so tight that it prevents voluntary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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6
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Leońska-Duniec A, Ahmetov II, Zmijewski P. Genetic variants influencing effectiveness of exercise training programmes in obesity - an overview of human studies. Biol Sport 2016; 33:207-14. [PMID: 27601774 PMCID: PMC4993135 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1201052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent and regular physical activity has significant benefits for health, including improvement of body composition and help in weight control. Consequently, promoting training programmes, particularly in those who are genetically predisposed, is a significant step towards controlling the presently increasing epidemic of obesity. Although the physiological responses of the human body to exercise are quite well described, the genetic background of these reactions still remains mostly unknown. This review not only summarizes the current evidence, through a literature review and the results of our studies on the influence of gene variants on the characteristics and range of the body's adaptive response to training, but also explores research organization problems, future trends, and possibilities. We describe the most reliable candidate genetic markers that are involved in energy balance pathways and body composition changes in response to training programmes, such as FTO, MC4R, ACE, PPARG, LEP, LEPR, ADRB2, and ADRB3. This knowledge can have an enormous impact not only on individualization of exercise programmes to make them more efficient and safer, but also on improved recovery, traumatology, medical care, diet, supplementation and many other areas. Nevertheless, the current studies still represent only the first steps towards a better understanding of the genetic factors that influence obesity-related traits, as well as gene variant x physical activity interactions, so further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Poland; Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - I I Ahmetov
- Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - P Zmijewski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Santos CGM, Pimentel-Coelho PM, Budowle B, de Moura-Neto RS, Dornelas-Ribeiro M, Pompeu FAMS, Silva R. The heritable path of human physical performance: from single polymorphisms to the "next generation". Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:600-12. [PMID: 26147924 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human physical performance is a complex multifactorial trait. Historically, environmental factors (e.g., diet, training) alone have been unable to explain the basis of all prominent phenotypes for physical performance. Therefore, there has been an interest in the study of the contribution of genetic factors to the development of these phenotypes. Support for a genetic component is found with studies that shown that monozygotic twins were more similar than were dizygotic twins for many physiological traits. The evolution of molecular techniques and the ability to scan the entire human genome enabled association of several genetic polymorphisms with performance. However, some biases related to the selection of cohorts and inadequate definition of the study variables have complicated the already difficult task of studying such a large and polymorphic genome, often resulting in inconsistent results about the influence of candidate genes. This review aims to provide a critical overview of heritable genetic aspects. Novel molecular technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, are discussed and how they can contribute to improving understanding of the molecular basis for athletic performance. It is important to ensure that the large amount of data that can be generated using these tools will be used effectively by ensuring well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G M Santos
- Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Brazillian Army Biologic Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P M Pimentel-Coelho
- Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Brazillian Army Biologic Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B Budowle
- Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas - Health and Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R S de Moura-Neto
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Dornelas-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Brazillian Army Biologic Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F A M S Pompeu
- Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Joint identification of genetic variants for physical activity in Korean population. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12407-21. [PMID: 25026172 PMCID: PMC4139850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been limited research on genome-wide association with physical activity (PA). This study ascertained genetic associations between PA and 344,893 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in 8842 Korean samples. PA data were obtained from a validated questionnaire that included information on PA intensity and duration. Metabolic equivalent of tasks were calculated to estimate the total daily PA level for each individual. In addition to single- and multiple-SNP association tests, a pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the biological significance of SNP markers. Although no significant SNP was found at genome-wide significance level via single-SNP association tests, 59 genetic variants mapped to 76 genes were identified via a multiple SNP approach using a bootstrap selection stability measure. Pathway analysis for these 59 variants showed that maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) was enriched. Joint identification of SNPs could enable the identification of multiple SNPs with good predictive power for PA and a pathway enriched for PA.
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9
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Richmond RC, Davey Smith G, Ness AR, den Hoed M, McMahon G, Timpson NJ. Assessing causality in the association between child adiposity and physical activity levels: a Mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS Med 2014; 11:e1001618. [PMID: 24642734 PMCID: PMC3958348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have shown that objectively measured physical activity is associated with childhood adiposity, and a strong inverse dose-response association with body mass index (BMI) has been found. However, few studies have explored the extent to which this association reflects reverse causation. We aimed to determine whether childhood adiposity causally influences levels of physical activity using genetic variants reliably associated with adiposity to estimate causal effects. METHODS AND FINDINGS The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children collected data on objectively assessed activity levels of 4,296 children at age 11 y with recorded BMI and genotypic data. We used 32 established genetic correlates of BMI combined in a weighted allelic score as an instrumental variable for adiposity to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on activity. In observational analysis, a 3.3 kg/m² (one standard deviation) higher BMI was associated with 22.3 (95% CI, 17.0, 27.6) movement counts/min less total physical activity (p = 1.6×10⁻¹⁶), 2.6 (2.1, 3.1) min/d less moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity (p = 3.7×10⁻²⁹), and 3.5 (1.5, 5.5) min/d more sedentary time (p = 5.0×10⁻⁴). In Mendelian randomization analyses, the same difference in BMI was associated with 32.4 (0.9, 63.9) movement counts/min less total physical activity (p = 0.04) (∼5.3% of the mean counts/minute), 2.8 (0.1, 5.5) min/d less moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity (p = 0.04), and 13.2 (1.3, 25.2) min/d more sedentary time (p = 0.03). There was no strong evidence for a difference between variable estimates from observational estimates. Similar results were obtained using fat mass index. Low power and poor instrumentation of activity limited causal analysis of the influence of physical activity on BMI. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increased adiposity causes a reduction in physical activity in children and support research into the targeting of BMI in efforts to increase childhood activity levels. Importantly, this does not exclude lower physical activity also leading to increased adiposity, i.e., bidirectional causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andy R. Ness
- Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - George McMahon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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