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Tang S, Wu H, Chen Q, Tang T, Li J, An H, Zhu S, Han L, Sun H, Ge J, Qian X, Wang X, Wang Q. Maternal Obesity Induces the Meiotic Defects and Epigenetic Alterations During Fetal Oocyte Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309184. [PMID: 38868907 PMCID: PMC11321662 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
It has been widely reported that obesity adversely impacts reproductive performance of females. However, the effects of maternal obesity on fetal germ cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, by employing a high-fat diet (HFD)-based mouse model, it is discovered that maternal obesity disrupts the chromosomal synapsis and homologous recombination during fetal oogenesis. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling reveales the potential molecular network controlling this process. Of note, the global hypermethylation of genomic DNA in fetal oocytes from obese mouse is detected. Importantly, time-restricted feeding (TRF) of obese mice not only ameliorate the meiotic defects, but also partly restore the epigenetic remodeling in fetal oocytes. In sum, the evidence are provided showing the deficit fetal oogenesis in obese mother, implicating a mechanism underlying the intergenerational effects of environmental insults. TRF may represent a potentially effective approach for mitigating fertility issues in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Huihua Wu
- Suzhou Municipal HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Qiuzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Huiqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
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2
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Versoza CJ, Weiss S, Johal R, La Rosa B, Jensen JD, Pfeifer SP. Novel Insights into the Landscape of Crossover and Noncrossover Events in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evad223. [PMID: 38051960 PMCID: PMC10773715 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination landscapes differ greatly between distantly and closely related taxa, populations, individuals, sexes, and even within genomes; however, the factors driving this variation are yet to be well elucidated. Here, we directly estimate contemporary crossover rates and, for the first time, noncrossover rates in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from four three-generation pedigrees comprising 32 individuals. We further compare these results with historical, demography-aware, linkage disequilibrium-based recombination rate estimates. From paternal meioses in the pedigrees, 165 crossover events with a median resolution of 22.3 kb were observed, corresponding to a male autosomal map length of 2,357 cM-approximately 15% longer than an existing linkage map based on human microsatellite loci. In addition, 85 noncrossover events with a mean tract length of 155 bp were identified-similar to the tract lengths observed in the only other two primates in which noncrossovers have been studied to date, humans and baboons. Consistent with observations in other placental mammals with PRDM9-directed recombination, crossover (and to a lesser extent noncrossover) events in rhesus macaques clustered in intergenic regions and toward the chromosomal ends in males-a pattern in broad agreement with the historical, sex-averaged recombination rate estimates-and evidence of GC-biased gene conversion was observed at noncrossover sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril J Versoza
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah Weiss
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ravneet Johal
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Bruno La Rosa
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Jensen
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Susanne P Pfeifer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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3
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Hinch R, Donnelly P, Hinch AG. Meiotic DNA breaks drive multifaceted mutagenesis in the human germ line. Science 2023; 382:eadh2531. [PMID: 38033082 PMCID: PMC7615360 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination commences with hundreds of programmed DNA breaks; however, the degree to which they are accurately repaired remains poorly understood. We report that meiotic break repair is eightfold more mutagenic for single-base substitutions than was previously understood, leading to de novo mutation in one in four sperm and one in 12 eggs. Its impact on indels and structural variants is even higher, with 100- to 1300-fold increases in rates per break. We uncovered new mutational signatures and footprints relative to break sites, which implicate unexpected biochemical processes and error-prone DNA repair mechanisms, including translesion synthesis and end joining in meiotic break repair. We provide evidence that these mechanisms drive mutagenesis in human germ lines and lead to disruption of hundreds of genes genome wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hinch
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
- Genomics plc; Oxford, UK
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4
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Abstract
The raison d'être of meiosis is shuffling of genetic information via Mendelian segregation and, within individual chromosomes, by DNA crossing-over. These outcomes are enabled by a complex cellular program in which interactions between homologous chromosomes play a central role. We first provide a background regarding the basic principles of this program. We then summarize the current understanding of the DNA events of recombination and of three processes that involve whole chromosomes: homolog pairing, crossover interference, and chiasma maturation. All of these processes are implemented by direct physical interaction of recombination complexes with underlying chromosome structures. Finally, we present convergent lines of evidence that the meiotic program may have evolved by coupling of this interaction to late-stage mitotic chromosome morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Zickler
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nancy Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;
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Premkumar T, Paniker L, Kang R, Biot M, Humphrey E, Destain H, Ferranti I, Okulate I, Nguyen H, Kilaru V, Frasca M, Chakraborty P, Cole F. Genetic dissection of crossover mutants defines discrete intermediates in mouse meiosis. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2941-2958.e7. [PMID: 37595556 PMCID: PMC10469168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Crossovers (COs), the exchange of homolog arms, are required for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis. Studies in yeast have described the single-end invasion (SEI) intermediate: a stabilized 3' end annealed with the homolog as the first detectible CO precursor. SEIs are thought to differentiate into double Holliday junctions (dHJs) that are resolved by MutLgamma (MLH1/MLH3) into COs. Currently, we lack knowledge of early steps of mammalian CO recombination or how intermediates are differentiated in any organism. Using comprehensive analysis of recombination in thirteen different genetic conditions with varying levels of compromised CO resolution, we infer CO precursors include asymmetric SEI-like intermediates and dHJs in mouse. In contrast to yeast, MLH3 is structurally required to differentiate CO precursors into dHJs. We verify conservation of aspects of meiotic recombination and show unique features in mouse, providing mechanistic insight into CO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolkappiyan Premkumar
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lakshmi Paniker
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rhea Kang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mathilde Biot
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ericka Humphrey
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Honorine Destain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabella Ferranti
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iyinyeoluwa Okulate
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holly Nguyen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vindhya Kilaru
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Frasca
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Parijat Chakraborty
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesca Cole
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Houston, TX, USA.
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Valero-Regalón FJ, Solé M, López-Jiménez P, Valerio-de Arana M, Martín-Ruiz M, de la Fuente R, Marín-Gual L, Renfree MB, Shaw G, Berríos S, Fernández-Donoso R, Waters PD, Ruiz-Herrera A, Gómez R, Page J. Divergent patterns of meiotic double strand breaks and synapsis initiation dynamics suggest an evolutionary shift in the meiosis program between American and Australian marsupials. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147610. [PMID: 37181752 PMCID: PMC10166821 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In eutherian mammals, hundreds of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are generated at the onset of meiosis. The DNA damage response is then triggered. Although the dynamics of this response is well studied in eutherian mammals, recent findings have revealed different patterns of DNA damage signaling and repair in marsupial mammals. To better characterize these differences, here we analyzed synapsis and the chromosomal distribution of meiotic DSBs markers in three different marsupial species (Thylamys elegans, Dromiciops gliorides, and Macropus eugenii) that represent South American and Australian Orders. Our results revealed inter-specific differences in the chromosomal distribution of DNA damage and repair proteins, which were associated with differing synapsis patterns. In the American species T. elegans and D. gliroides, chromosomal ends were conspicuously polarized in a bouquet configuration and synapsis progressed exclusively from the telomeres towards interstitial regions. This was accompanied by sparse H2AX phosphorylation, mainly accumulating at chromosomal ends. Accordingly, RAD51 and RPA were mainly localized at chromosomal ends throughout prophase I in both American marsupials, likely resulting in reduced recombination rates at interstitial positions. In sharp contrast, synapsis initiated at both interstitial and distal chromosomal regions in the Australian representative M. eugenii, the bouquet polarization was incomplete and ephemeral, γH2AX had a broad nuclear distribution, and RAD51 and RPA foci displayed an even chromosomal distribution. Given the basal evolutionary position of T. elegans, it is likely that the meiotic features reported in this species represent an ancestral pattern in marsupials and that a shift in the meiotic program occurred after the split of D. gliroides and the Australian marsupial clade. Our results open intriguing questions about the regulation and homeostasis of meiotic DSBs in marsupials. The low recombination rates observed at the interstitial chromosomal regions in American marsupials can result in the formation of large linkage groups, thus having an impact in the evolution of their genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mireia Solé
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo López-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Valerio-de Arana
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto de la Fuente
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of The Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Laia Marín-Gual
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marilyn B. Renfree
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoff Shaw
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Soledad Berríos
- Programa de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Fernández-Donoso
- Programa de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul D. Waters
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aurora Ruiz-Herrera
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Page
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Strelnikova SR, Komakhin RA. Control of meiotic crossing over in plant breeding. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:99-110. [PMID: 37063511 PMCID: PMC10090103 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic crossing over is the main mechanism for constructing a new allelic composition of individual chromosomes and is necessary for the proper distribution of homologous chromosomes between gametes. The parameters of meiotic crossing over that have developed in the course of evolution are determined by natural selection and do not fully suit the tasks of selective breeding research. This review summarizes the results of experimental studies aimed at increasing the frequency of crossovers and redistributing their positions along chromosomes using genetic manipulations at different stages of meiotic recombination. The consequences of inactivation and/or overexpression of the SPO11 genes, the products of which generate meiotic double-strand breaks in DNA, for the redistribution of crossover positions in the genome of various organisms are discussed. The results of studies concerning the effect of inactivation or overexpression of genes encoding RecA-like recombinases on meiotic crossing over, including those in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its interspecific hybrids, are summarized. The consequences of inactivation of key genes of the mismatch repair system are discussed. Their suppression made it possible to significantly increase the frequency of meiotic recombination between homeologues in the interspecific hybrid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae × S. paradoxus and between homologues in arabidopsis plants (Arabidopsis thaliana L.). Also discussed are attempts to extrapolate these results to other plant species, in which a decrease in reproductive properties and microsatellite instability in the genome have been noted. The most significant results on the meiotic recombination frequency increase upon inactivation of the FANCM, TOP3α, RECQ4, FIGL1 crossover repressor genes and upon overexpression of the HEI10 crossover enhancer gene are separately described. In some experiments, the increase of meiotic recombination frequency by almost an order of magnitude and partial redistribution of the crossover positions along chromosomes were achieved in arabidopsis while fully preserving fecundity. Similar results have been obtained for some crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Strelnikova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Komakhin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Liu M, Liu S, Song C, Zhu H, Wu B, Zhang A, Zhao H, Wen Z, Gao J. Pre-meiotic deletion of PEX5 causes spermatogenesis failure and infertility in mice. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13365. [PMID: 36433756 PMCID: PMC9977671 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are involved in the regulation of various pathological processes. Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5), which plays an essential role in peroxisomal biogenesis, is critical for reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, its underlying functions in spermatogenesis have not yet been identified. Pex5 was deleted by crossing Stra8-Cre mice with Pex5flox/flox mice before the onset of meiosis. The morphology of testes and epididymides, spermatogenesis function, and fertility in both wild type (WT) and Pex5-/- mice were analysed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunofluorescent staining. Mechanism of PEX5 affecting peroxisomes and spermatogenesis were validated by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to profile the dysregulated genes in testes from WT and Pex5-/- mice on postnatal day (P) 35. The adult Pex5 knockout male mice were completely sterile with no mature sperm production. Loss of Pex5 in spermatocytes resulted in multinucleated giant cell formation, meiotic arrest, abnormal tubulin expression, and deformed acrosome formation. Furthermore, Pex5 deletion led to delayed DNA double-strand break repair and improper crossover at the pachytene stage. Impaired peroxisome function in Pex5 knockout mice induced ROS redundancy, which in turn led to an increase in germ cell apoptosis and a decline in autophagy. Pex5 regulates ROS during meiosis and is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangyuan Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyang Song
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongzhuang Wen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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9
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Wu L, Li H, Ye F, Wei Y, Li W, Xu Y, Xia H, Zhang J, Guo L, Zhang G, Chen F, Liu Q. As3MT-mediated SAM consumption, which inhibits the methylation of histones and LINE1, is involved in arsenic-induced male reproductive damage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120090. [PMID: 36064055 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that arsenic (As) induces male reproductive injury, however, the mechanism remains unknown. The high levels of arsenic (3) methyltransferase (As3MT) promote As-induced male reproductive toxicity. For As-exposed mice, the germ cells in seminiferous tubules and sperm quality were reduced. Exposure to As caused lower S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) levels, histone and DNA hypomethylation, upregulation of long interspersed element class 1 (LINE1, or L1), defective repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs), and the arrest of meiosis, resulting in apoptosis of germ cells and lower litter size. For GC-2spd (GC-2) cells, As induced apoptosis, which was prevented by adding SAM or by reducing the expression of As3MT. The levels of LINE1, affected by SAM content, were involved in As-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, folic acid (FA) and vitamin B12 (VB12) supplements restored SAM, 5 mC, and LINE1 levels and blocked impairment of spermatogenesis and testes and lower litter size. Exposed to As, mice with As3MT knockdown showed less impairment of spermatogenesis and testes and greater litter size compared to As-exposed wild-type (WT) mice. Thus, the high As3MT levels induced by As consume SAM and block histone and LINE1 DNA methylation, elevating LINE1 expression and evoking impairment of spermatogenesis, which causes male reproductive damage. Overall, we have found a mechanism for As-induced male reproductive damage, which provides biological insights into the alleviation of reproductive injury induced by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Ye
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Li
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianxian Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Lorenz A, Mpaulo SJ. Gene conversion: a non-Mendelian process integral to meiotic recombination. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 129:56-63. [PMID: 35393552 PMCID: PMC9273591 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is undoubtedly the mechanism that underpins Mendelian genetics. Meiosis is a specialised, reductional cell division which generates haploid gametes (reproductive cells) carrying a single chromosome complement from diploid progenitor cells harbouring two chromosome sets. Through this process, the hereditary material is shuffled and distributed into haploid gametes such that upon fertilisation, when two haploid gametes fuse, diploidy is restored in the zygote. During meiosis the transient physical connection of two homologous chromosomes (one originally inherited from each parent) each consisting of two sister chromatids and their subsequent segregation into four meiotic products (gametes), is what enables genetic marker assortment forming the core of Mendelian laws. The initiating events of meiotic recombination are DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) which need to be repaired in a certain way to enable the homologous chromosomes to find each other. This is achieved by DSB ends searching for homologous repair templates and invading them. Ultimately, the repair of meiotic DSBs by homologous recombination physically connects homologous chromosomes through crossovers. These physical connections provided by crossovers enable faithful chromosome segregation. That being said, the DSB repair mechanism integral to meiotic recombination also produces genetic transmission distortions which manifest as postmeiotic segregation events and gene conversions. These processes are non-reciprocal genetic exchanges and thus non-Mendelian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Samantha J Mpaulo
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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11
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Strelnikova SR, Krinitsina AA, Komakhin RA. Effective RNAi-Mediated Silencing of the Mismatch Repair MSH2 Gene Induces Sterility of Tomato Plants but Not an Increase in Meiotic Recombination. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1167. [PMID: 34440341 PMCID: PMC8394773 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant breeding, the ability to manipulate meiotic recombination aids in the efficient construction of new allelic compositions of chromosomes and facilitates gene transfer from wild relatives of crop plants. The DNA mismatch repair system antagonizes meiotic recombination. In this research, a trial was conducted to evaluate transgenic tomato plants carrying an RNA interference (RNAi) construct designed to inhibit the expression of the mismatch repair MSH2 gene. To drive the RNAi construct, we used either a pro-SmAMP2 promoter from Stellaria media ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE2 or a Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV35S). The results of real-time PCR showed that, with a 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod, MSH2-RNAi tomato transgenic plants exhibited MSH2 gene transcript contents ranging from 0% to 3% in the leaves, relative to untransformed controls. However, with this lighting mode, the MSH2-RNAi transgenic plants grew slowly, flowered poorly, and did not form seed sets. During cultivation with a 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod, MSH2-RNAi transgenic plants exhibited MSH2 gene transcript contents ranging from 3% to 42%, relative to untransformed controls. Under these conditions, F1 hybrid seed sets formed for most of the MSH2-RNAi transgenic plants with the RNAi construct driven by the CaMV35S promoter, and for one transformant with the RNAi construct driven by the pro-SmAMP2 promoter. Under conditions of a 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod, most of the F1 transgenic hybrids showed MSH2 gene transcript contents ranging from 3% to 34% and formed F2 offspring sets, which made it possible to assess the meiotic recombination frequency. We showed that the effective inhibition of MSH2 in MSH2-RNAi tomato transgenic plants is not associated with an increase in meiotic recombination compared to the control, but it stimulates the sterility of plants. It was established that the expression of the MSH2 gene in tomato plants is about 50 times higher with a 12 h light/12 h dark than with a 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod. It is discussed that, in Solanum lycopersicum tomato plants, which are not sensitive to the day length for flowering, changing the lighting time may be a means of controlling the meiotic recombination frequency within certain limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana R. Strelnikova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Anastasiya A. Krinitsina
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (R.A.K.)
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A. Komakhin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (R.A.K.)
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12
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Vernekar DV, Reginato G, Adam C, Ranjha L, Dingli F, Marsolier MC, Loew D, Guérois R, Llorente B, Cejka P, Borde V. The Pif1 helicase is actively inhibited during meiotic recombination which restrains gene conversion tract length. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4522-4533. [PMID: 33823531 PMCID: PMC8096244 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination ensures proper chromosome segregation to form viable gametes and results in gene conversions events between homologs. Conversion tracts are shorter in meiosis than in mitotically dividing cells. This results at least in part from the binding of a complex, containing the Mer3 helicase and the MutLβ heterodimer, to meiotic recombination intermediates. The molecular actors inhibited by this complex are elusive. The Pif1 DNA helicase is known to stimulate DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) -mediated DNA synthesis from D-loops, allowing long synthesis required for break-induced replication. We show that Pif1 is also recruited genome wide to meiotic DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. We further show that Pif1, through its interaction with PCNA, is required for the long gene conversions observed in the absence of MutLβ recruitment to recombination sites. In vivo, Mer3 interacts with the PCNA clamp loader RFC, and in vitro, Mer3-MutLβ ensemble inhibits Pif1-stimulated D-loop extension by Pol δ and RFC-PCNA. Mechanistically, our results suggest that Mer3-MutLβ may compete with Pif1 for binding to RFC-PCNA. Taken together, our data show that Pif1's activity that promotes meiotic DNA repair synthesis is restrained by the Mer3-MutLβ ensemble which in turn prevents long gene conversion tracts and possibly associated mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Vinayak Vernekar
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3244, Dynamics of Genetic Information, Paris, France
| | - Giordano Reginato
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Adam
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3244, Dynamics of Genetic Information, Paris, France
| | - Lepakshi Ranjha
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie-Claude Marsolier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Unité Eco-anthropologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS UMR7206, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, LSMP, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Guérois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bertrand Llorente
- CRCM, Inserm, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Borde
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3244, Dynamics of Genetic Information, Paris, France
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13
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Song M, Zhai B, Yang X, Tan T, Wang Y, Yang X, Tan Y, Chu T, Cao Y, Song Y, Wang S, Zhang L. Interplay between Pds5 and Rec8 in regulating chromosome axis length and crossover frequency. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/11/eabe7920. [PMID: 33712462 PMCID: PMC7954452 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe7920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic chromosomes have a loop/axis architecture, with axis length determining crossover frequency. Meiosis-specific Pds5 depletion mutants have shorter chromosome axes and lower homologous chromosome pairing and recombination frequency. However, it is poorly understood how Pds5 coordinately regulates these processes. In this study, we show that only ~20% of wild-type level of Pds5 is required for homolog pairing and that higher levels of Pds5 dosage-dependently regulate axis length and crossover frequency. Moderate changes in Pds5 protein levels do not explicitly impair the basic recombination process. Further investigations show that Pds5 does not regulate chromosome axes by altering Rec8 abundance. Conversely, Rec8 regulates chromosome axis length by modulating Pds5. These findings highlight the important role of Pds5 in regulating meiosis and its relationship with Rec8 to regulate chromosome axis length and crossover frequency with implications for evolutionary adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Binyuan Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Taicong Tan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yingjin Tan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tingting Chu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanding Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yulong Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shunxin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
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14
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Chang HY, Lee CY, Lu CH, Lee W, Yang HL, Yeh HY, Li HW, Chi P. Microcephaly family protein MCPH1 stabilizes RAD51 filaments. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:9135-9146. [PMID: 32735676 PMCID: PMC7498314 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcephalin 1 (MCPH1) was identified from genetic mutations in patients with primary autosomal recessive microcephaly. In response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), MCPH1 forms damage-induced foci and recruits BRCA2-RAD51 complex, a key component of the DSB repair machinery for homologous recombination (HR), to damage sites. Accordingly, the efficiency of HR is significantly attenuated upon depletion of MCPH1. The biochemical characteristics of MCPH1 and its functional interaction with the HR machinery had remained unclear due to lack of highly purified MCPH1 recombinant protein for functional study. Here, we established a mammalian expression system to express and purify MCPH1 protein. We show that MCPH1 is a bona fide DNA-binding protein and provide direct biochemical analysis of this MCPH family protein. Furthermore, we reveal that MCPH1 directly interacts with RAD51 at multiple contact points, providing evidence for how MCPH1 physically engages with the HR machinery. Importantly, we demonstrate that MCPH1 enhances the stability of RAD51 on single-strand DNA, a prerequisite step for RAD51-mediated recombination. Single-molecule tethered particle motion analysis showed a ∼2-fold increase in the lifetime of RAD51-ssDNA filaments in the presence of MCPH1. Thus, our study demonstrates direct crosstalk between microcephaly protein MCPH1 and the recombination component RAD51 for DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yen Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Yeh
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chi
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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15
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Komakhina VV, Krinitsina AA, Milyukova NA, Komakhin RA. Expression of Recombinant SPO11 Genes Locally Alters Crossing Over in Tomato. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420090124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Hinch AG, Becker PW, Li T, Moralli D, Zhang G, Bycroft C, Green C, Keeney S, Shi Q, Davies B, Donnelly P. The Configuration of RPA, RAD51, and DMC1 Binding in Meiosis Reveals the Nature of Critical Recombination Intermediates. Mol Cell 2020; 79:689-701.e10. [PMID: 32610038 PMCID: PMC7447979 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination proceeds via binding of RPA, RAD51, and DMC1 to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) substrates created after formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks. Here we report high-resolution in vivo maps of RPA and RAD51 in meiosis, mapping their binding locations and lifespans to individual homologous chromosomes using a genetically engineered hybrid mouse. Together with high-resolution microscopy and DMC1 binding maps, we show that DMC1 and RAD51 have distinct spatial localization on ssDNA: DMC1 binds near the break site, and RAD51 binds away from it. We characterize inter-homolog recombination intermediates bound by RPA in vivo, with properties expected for the critical displacement loop (D-loop) intermediates. These data support the hypothesis that DMC1, not RAD51, performs strand exchange in mammalian meiosis. RPA-bound D-loops can be resolved as crossovers or non-crossovers, but crossover-destined D-loops may have longer lifespans. D-loops resemble crossover gene conversions in size, but their extent is similar in both repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp W Becker
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gang Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Bycroft
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Green
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Scott Keeney
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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17
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Jiang Y, Zhang HY, Lin Z, Zhu YZ, Yu C, Sha QQ, Tong MH, Shen L, Fan HY. CXXC finger protein 1-mediated histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation is essential for proper meiotic crossover formation in mice. Development 2020; 147:dev183764. [PMID: 32094118 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The most significant feature of meiosis is the recombination process during prophase I. CXXC finger protein 1 (CXXC1) binds to CpG islands and mediates the deposition of H3K4me3 by the SETD1 complex. CXXC1 is also predicted to recruit H3K4me3-marked regions to the chromosome axis for the generation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the prophase of meiosis. Therefore, we deleted Cxxc1 before the onset of meiosis with Stra8-Cre The conditional knockout mice were completely sterile with spermatogenesis arrested at MII. Knockout of Cxxc1 led to a decrease in the H3K4me3 level from the pachytene to the MII stage and caused transcriptional disorder. Many spermatogenesis pathway genes were expressed early leading to abnormal acrosome formation in arrested MII cells. In meiotic prophase, deletion of Cxxc1 caused delayed DSB repair and improper crossover formation in cells at the pachytene stage, and more than half of the diplotene cells exhibited precocious homologous chromosome segregation in both male and female meiosis. Cxxc1 deletion also led to a significant decrease of H3K4me3 enrichment at DMC1-binding sites, which might compromise DSB generation. Taken together, our results show that CXXC1 is essential for proper meiotic crossover formation in mice and suggest that CXXC1-mediated H3K4me3 plays an essential role in meiotic prophase of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui-Ying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ye-Zhang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian-Qian Sha
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming-Han Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Li Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
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18
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Li R, Bitoun E, Altemose N, Davies RW, Davies B, Myers SR. A high-resolution map of non-crossover events reveals impacts of genetic diversity on mammalian meiotic recombination. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3900. [PMID: 31467277 PMCID: PMC6715734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiotic recombination, homologue-templated repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) produces relatively few crossovers and many difficult-to-detect non-crossovers. By intercrossing two diverged mouse subspecies over five generations and deep-sequencing 119 offspring, we detect thousands of crossover and non-crossover events genome-wide with unprecedented power and spatial resolution. We find that both crossovers and non-crossovers are strongly depleted at DSB hotspots where the DSB-positioning protein PRDM9 fails to bind to the unbroken homologous chromosome, revealing that PRDM9 also functions to promote homologue-templated repair. Our results show that complex non-crossovers are much rarer in mice than humans, consistent with complex events arising from accumulated non-programmed DNA damage. Unexpectedly, we also find that GC-biased gene conversion is restricted to non-crossover tracts containing only one mismatch. These results demonstrate that local genetic diversity profoundly alters meiotic repair pathway decisions via at least two distinct mechanisms, impacting genome evolution and Prdm9-related hybrid infertility. During meiotic recombination, genetic information is transferred or exchanged between parental chromosome copies. Using a large hybrid mouse pedigree, the authors generated high-resolution maps of these transfer/exchange events and discovered new properties governing their processing and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3LB, UK.,Target Discovery Institute, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Bitoun
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3LB, UK
| | - Nicolas Altemose
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3LB, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanley Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robert W Davies
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3LB, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Simon R Myers
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK. .,Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3LB, UK.
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19
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Wang S, Veller C, Sun F, Ruiz-Herrera A, Shang Y, Liu H, Zickler D, Chen Z, Kleckner N, Zhang L. Per-Nucleus Crossover Covariation and Implications for Evolution. Cell 2019; 177:326-338.e16. [PMID: 30879787 PMCID: PMC6472931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Crossing over is a nearly universal feature of sexual reproduction. Here, analysis of crossover numbers on a per-chromosome and per-nucleus basis reveals a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved feature of meiosis: within individual nuclei, crossover frequencies covary across different chromosomes. This effect results from per-nucleus covariation of chromosome axis lengths. Crossovers can promote evolutionary adaptation. However, the benefit of creating favorable new allelic combinations must outweigh the cost of disrupting existing favorable combinations. Covariation concomitantly increases the frequencies of gametes with especially high, or especially low, numbers of crossovers, and thus might concomitantly enhance the benefits of crossing over while reducing its costs. A four-locus population genetic model suggests that such an effect can pertain in situations where the environment fluctuates: hyper-crossover gametes are advantageous when the environment changes while hypo-crossover gametes are advantageous in periods of environmental stasis. These findings reveal a new feature of the basic meiotic program and suggest a possible adaptive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China.
| | - Carl Veller
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Medicine, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aurora Ruiz-Herrera
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yongliang Shang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Denise Zickler
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91198, France
| | - Zijiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Nancy Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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20
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Hinch AG, Zhang G, Becker PW, Moralli D, Hinch R, Davies B, Bowden R, Donnelly P. Factors influencing meiotic recombination revealed by whole-genome sequencing of single sperm. Science 2019; 363:eaau8861. [PMID: 30898902 PMCID: PMC6445350 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau8861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recombination is critical to meiosis and evolution, yet many aspects of the physical exchange of DNA via crossovers remain poorly understood. We report an approach for single-cell whole-genome DNA sequencing by which we sequenced 217 individual hybrid mouse sperm, providing a kilobase-resolution genome-wide map of crossovers. Combining this map with molecular assays measuring stages of recombination, we identified factors that affect crossover probability, including PRDM9 binding on the non-initiating template homolog and telomere proximity. These factors also influence the time for sites of recombination-initiating DNA double-strand breaks to find and engage their homologs, with rapidly engaging sites more likely to form crossovers. We show that chromatin environment on the template homolog affects positioning of crossover breakpoints. Our results also offer insights into recombination in the pseudoautosomal region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gang Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philipp W Becker
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Hinch
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Bowden
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Abstract
The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes has occurred independently many times in different lineages. The differentiation of sex chromosomes leads to dramatic changes in sequence composition and function and guides the evolutionary trajectory and utilization of genes in pivotal sex determination and reproduction roles. In addition, meiotic recombination and pairing mechanisms are key in orchestrating the resultant impact, retention and maintenance of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, as the resulting exposure of unpaired DNA at meiosis triggers ancient repair and checkpoint pathways. In this review, we summarize the different ways in which sex chromosome systems are organized at meiosis, how pairing is affected, and differences in unpaired DNA responses. We hypothesize that lineage specific differences in meiotic organization is not only a consequence of sex chromosome evolution, but that the establishment of epigenetic changes on sex chromosomes contributes toward their evolutionary conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasman Daish
- Comparative Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Frank Grützner
- Comparative Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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22
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Veller C, Kleckner N, Nowak MA. A rigorous measure of genome-wide genetic shuffling that takes into account crossover positions and Mendel's second law. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1659-1668. [PMID: 30635424 PMCID: PMC6358705 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817482116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative studies in evolutionary genetics rely critically on evaluation of the total amount of genetic shuffling that occurs during gamete production. Such studies have been hampered by the absence of a direct measure of this quantity. Existing measures consider crossing-over by simply counting the average number of crossovers per meiosis. This is qualitatively inadequate, because the positions of crossovers along a chromosome are also critical: a crossover toward the middle of a chromosome causes more shuffling than a crossover toward the tip. Moreover, traditional measures fail to consider shuffling from independent assortment of homologous chromosomes (Mendel's second law). Here, we present a rigorous measure of genome-wide shuffling that does not suffer from these limitations. We define the parameter [Formula: see text] as the probability that the alleles at two randomly chosen loci are shuffled during gamete production. This measure can be decomposed into separate contributions from crossover number and position and from independent assortment. Intrinsic implications of this metric include the fact that [Formula: see text] is larger when crossovers are more evenly spaced, which suggests a selective advantage of crossover interference. Utilization of [Formula: see text] is enabled by powerful emergent methods for determining crossover positions either cytologically or by DNA sequencing. Application of our analysis to such data from human male and female reveals that (i) [Formula: see text] in humans is close to its maximum possible value of 1/2 and that (ii) this high level of shuffling is due almost entirely to independent assortment, the contribution of which is ∼30 times greater than that of crossovers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Veller
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Nancy Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
| | - Martin A Nowak
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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23
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Ealy AD, Wooldridge LK. The evolution of interferon-tau. Reproduction 2018; 154:F1-F10. [PMID: 28982935 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years ago, a novel type I interferon (IFN) was identified by molecular cloning of cDNA libraries constructed from RNA extracted from ovine and bovine pre-implantation embryos. This protein was eventually designated as IFN-tau (IFNT) to highlight its trophoblast-dependent expression. IFNT function is not immune related. Instead, it interacts with the maternal system to initiate the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This activity is indispensable for the continuation of pregnancy. Our review will describe how IFNT evolved from other type I IFNs to function in this new capacity. IFNT genes have only been identified in pecoran ruminants within the Artiodactyla order (e.g. cattle, sheep, goats, deer, antelope, giraffe). The ancestral IFNT gene emerged approximately 36 million years ago most likely from rearrangement and/or insertion events that combined an ancestral IFN-omega (IFNW) gene with a trophoblast-specifying promoter/enhancer. Since then, IFNT genes have duplicated, likely through conversion events, and mutations have allowed them to adapt to their new function in concert with the emergence of different species. Multiple IFNT polymorphisms have been identified in cattle, sheep and goats. These genes and gene alleles encode proteins that do not display identical antiviral, antiproliferative and antiluteolytic activities. The need for multiple IFNT genes, numerous alleles and distinct activities remains debatable, but the consensus is that this complexity in IFNT expression and biological activity must be needed to provide the best opportunity for pregnancy to be recognized by the maternal system so that gestation may continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Ealy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Lydia K Wooldridge
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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24
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Duroc Y, Kumar R, Ranjha L, Adam C, Guérois R, Md Muntaz K, Marsolier-Kergoat MC, Dingli F, Laureau R, Loew D, Llorente B, Charbonnier JB, Cejka P, Borde V. Concerted action of the MutLβ heterodimer and Mer3 helicase regulates the global extent of meiotic gene conversion. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28051769 PMCID: PMC5215242 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene conversions resulting from meiotic recombination are critical in shaping genome diversification and evolution. How the extent of gene conversions is regulated is unknown. Here we show that the budding yeast mismatch repair related MutLβ complex, Mlh1-Mlh2, specifically interacts with the conserved meiotic Mer3 helicase, which recruits it to recombination hotspots, independently of mismatch recognition. This recruitment is essential to limit gene conversion tract lengths genome-wide, without affecting crossover formation. Contrary to expectations, Mer3 helicase activity, proposed to extend the displacement loop (D-loop) recombination intermediate, does not influence the length of gene conversion events, revealing non-catalytical roles of Mer3. In addition, both purified Mer3 and MutLβ preferentially recognize D-loops, providing a mechanism for limiting gene conversion in vivo. These findings show that MutLβ is an integral part of a new regulatory step of meiotic recombination, which has implications to prevent rapid allele fixation and hotspot erosion in populations. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21900.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Duroc
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3664, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3664, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Lepakshi Ranjha
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Adam
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3664, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Guérois
- I2BC, iBiTec-S, CEA, CNRS UMR 9198, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Khan Md Muntaz
- CRCM, Inserm U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Claude Marsolier-Kergoat
- I2BC, iBiTec-S, CEA, CNRS UMR 9198, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Musée de l'Homme, CNRS UMR 7206, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, LSMP, Paris, France
| | - Raphaëlle Laureau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3664, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, LSMP, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Llorente
- CRCM, Inserm U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Charbonnier
- I2BC, iBiTec-S, CEA, CNRS UMR 9198, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Borde
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3664, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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25
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Kelso AA, Goodson SD, Chavan S, Say AF, Turchick A, Sharma D, Ledford LL, Ratterman E, Leskoske K, King AV, Attaway CC, Bandera Y, Foulger SH, Mazin AV, Temesvari LA, Sehorn MG. Characterization of the recombination activities of the Entamoeba histolytica Rad51 recombinase. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 210:71-84. [PMID: 27678398 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite responsible for human amoebiasis is Entamoeba histolytica. An important facet of the life cycle of E. histolytica involves the conversion of the mature trophozoite to a cyst. This transition is thought to involve homologous recombination (HR), which is dependent upon the Rad51 recombinase. Here, a biochemical characterization of highly purified ehRad51 protein is presented. The ehRad51 protein preferentially binds ssDNA, forms a presynaptic filament and possesses ATP hydrolysis activity that is stimulated by the presence of DNA. Evidence is provided that ehRad51 catalyzes robust DNA strand exchange over at least 5.4 kilobase pairs. Although the homologous DNA pairing activity of ehRad51 is weak, it is strongly enhanced by the presence of two HR accessory cofactors, calcium and Hop2-Mnd1. The biochemical system described herein was used to demonstrate the potential for targeting ehRad51 with two small molecule inhibitors of human RAD51. We show that 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) inhibited ehRad51 by interfering with DNA binding and attenuated encystation in Entamoeba invadens, while B02 had no effect on ehRad51 strand exchange activity. These results provide insight into the underlying mechanism of homology-directed DNA repair in E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Kelso
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Steven D Goodson
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Suchitra Chavan
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Amanda F Say
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Audrey Turchick
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - LeAnna L Ledford
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Erin Ratterman
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Kristin Leskoske
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ada V King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Yura Bandera
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Stephen H Foulger
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Alexander V Mazin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Lesly A Temesvari
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Clemson University School of Health Research, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Michael G Sehorn
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Clemson University School of Health Research, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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26
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Kelso AA, Say AF, Sharma D, Ledford LL, Turchick A, Saski CA, King AV, Attaway CC, Temesvari LA, Sehorn MG. Entamoeba histolytica Dmc1 Catalyzes Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange That Is Stimulated by Calcium and Hop2-Mnd1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139399. [PMID: 26422142 PMCID: PMC4589404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis depends on homologous recombination (HR) in most sexually reproducing organisms. Efficient meiotic HR requires the activity of the meiosis-specific recombinase, Dmc1. Previous work shows Dmc1 is expressed in Entamoeba histolytica, a eukaryotic parasite responsible for amoebiasis throughout the world, suggesting this organism undergoes meiosis. Here, we demonstrate Dmc1 protein is expressed in E. histolytica. We show that purified ehDmc1 forms presynaptic filaments and catalyzes ATP-dependent homologous DNA pairing and DNA strand exchange over at least several thousand base pairs. The DNA pairing and strand exchange activities are enhanced by the presence of calcium and the meiosis-specific recombination accessory factor, Hop2-Mnd1. In combination, calcium and Hop2-Mnd1 dramatically increase the rate of DNA strand exchange activity of ehDmc1. The biochemical system described herein provides a basis on which to better understand the role of ehDmc1 and other HR proteins in E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Kelso
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amanda F. Say
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - LeAnna L. Ledford
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Audrey Turchick
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Saski
- Clemson University Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Institute for Translational Genomics, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ada V. King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Attaway
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lesly A. Temesvari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Clemson University School of Health Research, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Sehorn
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Clemson University School of Health Research, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
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27
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Chang HY, Liao CY, Su GC, Lin SW, Wang HW, Chi P. Functional Relationship of ATP Hydrolysis, Presynaptic Filament Stability, and Homologous DNA Pairing Activity of the Human Meiotic Recombinase DMC1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19863-73. [PMID: 26088134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.666289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DMC1 and RAD51 are conserved recombinases that catalyze homologous recombination. DMC1 and RAD51 share similar properties in DNA binding, DNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis, and catalysis of homologous DNA strand exchange. A large body of evidence indicates that attenuation of ATP hydrolysis leads to stabilization of the RAD51-ssDNA presynaptic filament and enhancement of DNA strand exchange. However, the functional relationship of ATPase activity, presynaptic filament stability, and DMC1-mediated homologous DNA strand exchange has remained largely unexplored. To address this important question, we have constructed several mutant variants of human DMC1 and characterized them biochemically to gain mechanistic insights. Two mutations, K132R and D223N, that change key residues in the Walker A and B nucleotide-binding motifs ablate ATP binding and render DMC1 inactive. On the other hand, the nucleotide-binding cap D317K mutant binds ATP normally but shows significantly attenuated ATPase activity and, accordingly, forms a highly stable presynaptic filament. Surprisingly, unlike RAD51, presynaptic filament stabilization achieved via ATP hydrolysis attenuation does not lead to any enhancement of DMC1-catalyzed homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange. This conclusion is further supported by examining wild-type DMC1 with non-hydrolyzable ATP analogues. Thus, our results reveal an important mechanistic difference between RAD51 and DMC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yen Chang
- From the Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liao
- From the Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chin Su
- From the Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lin
- the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, and
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peter Chi
- From the Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617 Taiwan, the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, and
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28
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Williams AL, Genovese G, Dyer T, Altemose N, Truax K, Jun G, Patterson N, Myers SR, Curran JE, Duggirala R, Blangero J, Reich D, Przeworski M. Non-crossover gene conversions show strong GC bias and unexpected clustering in humans. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25806687 PMCID: PMC4404656 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the past decade has seen tremendous progress in our understanding of fine-scale recombination, little is known about non-crossover (NCO) gene conversion. We report the first genome-wide study of NCO events in humans. Using SNP array data from 98 meioses, we identified 103 sites affected by NCO, of which 50/52 were confirmed in sequence data. Overlap with double strand break (DSB) hotspots indicates that most of the events are likely of meiotic origin. We estimate that a site is involved in a NCO at a rate of 5.9 × 10(-6)/bp/generation, consistent with sperm-typing studies, and infer that tract lengths span at least an order of magnitude. Observed NCO events show strong allelic bias at heterozygous AT/GC SNPs, with 68% (58-78%) transmitting GC alleles (p = 5 × 10(-4)). Strikingly, in 4 of 15 regions with resequencing data, multiple disjoint NCO tracts cluster in close proximity (∼20-30 kb), a phenomenon not previously seen in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Thomas Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, United States
| | - Nicolas Altemose
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Truax
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, United States
| | - Goo Jun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Nick Patterson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Simon R Myers
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, United States
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, United States
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, United States
| | - David Reich
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Molly Przeworski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
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Bhakta MS, Jones VA, Vallejos CE. Punctuated distribution of recombination hotspots and demarcation of pericentromeric regions in Phaseolus vulgaris L. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116822. [PMID: 25629314 PMCID: PMC4309454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High density genetic maps are a reliable tool for genetic dissection of complex plant traits. Mapping resolution is often hampered by the variable crossover and non-crossover events occurring across the genome, with pericentromeric regions (pCENR) showing highly suppressed recombination rates. The efficiency of linkage mapping can further be improved by characterizing and understanding the distribution of recombinational activity along individual chromosomes. In order to evaluate the genome wide recombination rate in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) we developed a SNP-based linkage map using the genotype-by-sequencing approach with a 188 recombinant inbred line family generated from an inter gene pool cross (Andean x Mesoamerican). We identified 1,112 SNPs that were subsequently used to construct a robust linkage map with 11 groups, comprising 513 recombinationally unique marker loci spanning 943 cM (LOD 3.0). Comparative analysis showed that the linkage map spanned >95% of the physical map, indicating that the map is almost saturated. Evaluation of genome-wide recombination rate indicated that at least 45% of the genome is highly recombinationally suppressed, and allowed us to estimate locations of pCENRs. We observed an average recombination rate of 0.25 cM/Mb in pCENRs as compared to the rest of genome that showed 3.72 cM/Mb. However, several hot spots of recombination were also detected with recombination rates reaching as high as 34 cM/Mb. Hotspots were mostly found towards the end of chromosomes, which also happened to be gene-rich regions. Analyzing relationships between linkage and physical map indicated a punctuated distribution of recombinational hot spots across the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul S. Bhakta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Valerie A. Jones
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - C. Eduardo Vallejos
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Odenthal-Hesse L, Berg IL, Veselis A, Jeffreys AJ, May CA. Transmission distortion affecting human noncrossover but not crossover recombination: a hidden source of meiotic drive. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004106. [PMID: 24516398 PMCID: PMC3916235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination ensures the correct segregation of homologous chromosomes during gamete formation and contributes to DNA diversity through both large-scale reciprocal crossovers and very localised gene conversion events, also known as noncrossovers. Considerable progress has been made in understanding factors such as PRDM9 and SNP variants that influence the initiation of recombination at human hotspots but very little is known about factors acting downstream. To address this, we simultaneously analysed both types of recombinant molecule in sperm DNA at six highly active hotspots, and looked for disparity in the transmission of allelic variants indicative of any cis-acting influences. At two of the hotspots we identified a novel form of biased transmission that was exclusive to the noncrossover class of recombinant, and which presumably arises through differences between crossovers and noncrossovers in heteroduplex formation and biased mismatch repair. This form of biased gene conversion is not predicted to influence hotspot activity as previously noted for SNPs that affect recombination initiation, but does constitute a powerful and previously undetected source of recombination-driven meiotic drive that by extrapolation may affect thousands of recombination hotspots throughout the human genome. Intriguingly, at both of the hotspots described here, this drive favours strong (G/C) over weak (A/T) base pairs as might be predicted from the well-established correlations between high GC content and recombination activity in mammalian genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid L. Berg
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Veselis
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alec J. Jeffreys
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Celia A. May
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Kohl KP, Sekelsky J. Meiotic and mitotic recombination in meiosis. Genetics 2013; 194:327-34. [PMID: 23733849 PMCID: PMC3664844 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.113.150581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic crossovers facilitate the segregation of homologous chromosomes and increase genetic diversity. The formation of meiotic crossovers was previously posited to occur via two pathways, with the relative use of each pathway varying between organisms; however, this paradigm could not explain all crossovers, and many of the key proteins involved were unidentified. Recent studies that identify some of these proteins reinforce and expand the model of two meiotic crossover pathways. The results provide novel insights into the evolutionary origins of the pathways, suggesting that one is similar to a mitotic DNA repair pathway and the other evolved to incorporate special features unique to meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P. Kohl
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jeff Sekelsky
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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32
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Abstract
Certain chromosomal regions called common fragile sites are prone to difficulty during replication. Many tumors have been shown to contain alterations at fragile sites. Several models have been proposed to explain why these sites are unstable. Here we describe work to investigate models of fragile site instability using a yeast artificial chromosome carrying human DNA from a common fragile site region. In addition, we describe a yeast system to investigate whether repair of breaks at a naturally occurring fragile site in yeast, FS2, involves mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes, leading to loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Our initial evidence is that repair of yeast fragile site breaks does lead to LOH, suggesting that human fragile site breaks may similarly contribute to LOH in cancer. This work is focused on gaining understanding that may enable us to predict and prevent the situations and environments that promote genetic changes that contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Casper
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA
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33
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Kauppi L, Jasin M, Keeney S. The tricky path to recombining X and Y chromosomes in meiosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1267:18-23. [PMID: 22954211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosomes are the Achilles' heel of male meiosis in mammals. Mis-segregation of the X and Y chromosomes leads to sex chromosome aneuploidies, with clinical outcomes such as infertility and Klinefelter syndrome. Successful meiotic divisions require that all chromosomes find their homologous partner and achieve recombination and pairing. Sex chromosomes in males of many species have only a small region of homology (the pseudoautosomal region, PAR) that enables pairing. Until recently, little was known about the dynamics of recombination and pairing within mammalian X and Y PARs. Here, we review our recent findings on PAR behavior in mouse meiosis. We uncovered unexpected differences between autosomal chromosomes and the X-Y chromosome pair, namely that PAR recombination and pairing occurs later, and is under different genetic control. These findings imply that spermatocytes have evolved distinct strategies that ensure successful X-Y recombination and chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kauppi
- Molecular Biology Program Developmental Biology Program Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
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Abstract
Organisms minimize genetic damage through complex pathways of DNA repair. Yet a gene family--the AID/APOBECs--has evolved in vertebrates with the sole purpose of producing targeted damage in DNA/RNA molecules through cytosine deamination. They likely originated from deaminases involved in A>I editing in tRNAs. AID, the archetypal AID/APOBEC, is the trigger of the somatic diversification processes of the antibody genes. Its homologs may have been associated with the immune system even before the evolution of the antibody genes. The APOBEC3s, arising from duplication of AID, are involved in the restriction of exogenous/endogenous threats such as retroviruses and mobile elements. Another family member, APOBEC1, has (re)acquired the ability to target RNA while maintaining its ability to act on DNA. The AID/APOBECs have shaped the evolution of vertebrate genomes, but their ability to mutate nucleic acids is a double-edged sword: AID is a key player in lymphoproliferative diseases by triggering mutations and chromosomal translocations in B cells, and there is increasing evidence suggesting that other AID/APOBECs could be involved in cancer development as well.
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Caporale LH. Overview of the creative genome: effects of genome structure and sequence on the generation of variation and evolution. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1267:1-10. [PMID: 22954209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This overview of a special issue of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences discusses uneven distribution of distinct types of variation across the genome, the dependence of specific types of variation upon distinct classes of DNA sequences and/or the induction of specific proteins, the circumstances in which distinct variation-generating systems are activated, and the implications of this work for our understanding of evolution and of cancer. Also discussed is the value of non text-based computational methods for analyzing information carried by DNA, early insights into organizational frameworks that affect genome behavior, and implications of this work for comparative genomics.
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