Evaluation of health behaviours in patients with kidney stones in Sari/Iran

Kidney stones and dietary intake in adults: a population-based study in southwest Iran

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of kidney stones is on the rise globally. Several risk factors, including lifestyle, contribute to the formation of kidney stones. Nevertheless, there is a contentious debate about the relationship between diet and kidney stones. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the relationship between macronutrients and micronutrients and the formation of kidney stones.

METHODS

This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the baseline phase of the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study, focusing on adults aged 35-70 in southwest Iran. The information on demographic characteristics, anthropometrics, kidney stone history, and food frequency was collected. Chi-square and t-tests were utilized to assess the relationship between categorical and numerical variables with kidney stones. The ANCOVA and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships while controlling for confounding factors.

RESULTS

Among 10,009 participants, the overall prevalence of kidney stones was 18.77% (95% CI: 17.99-19.53). A higher intake of carbohydrates [OR = 1.02 (95% CI:1.002-1.03), p = 0.026] and copper [OR = 1.04 (95% CI:1.01-1.09), p = 0.025] were found to be associated with kidney stones. No associations were found between the other assessed macronutrients or micronutrients and kidney stones (p-tvalues > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Our study's findings indicate a correlation between diet and the formation of kidney stones. However, the relationship between dietary factors and kidney stones is complex, and further research is needed.

Üriner Sistem Taşlarının Kimyasal Bileşiminin Yaş ve Cinsiyete Göre İncelenmesi

Amaç: İnsanlarda metabolik ürünlerin üriner sistemin değişik bölümlerinde muhtemelen genetik ve/veya beslenme nedeniyle birikmesi ile taş oluştuğu bilinmektedir. Yörelerdeki içme suları içeriğindeki element miktarlarının katkısının olduğu da düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada üriner sistem taşlarının kimyasal bileşiminin yaş ve cinsiyete göre incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada, Ocak 2017 ile Şubat 2022 tarihleri arasında üroloji polikliniğine taşa bağlı klinik belirtilerle başvuran ve böbrek taşı saptanan 300 hastanın taş örnekleri (erkek n=207, kadın=93) incelendi. Taşların analizi FT-IR Spektrofotometre cihazında ölçüm yapılarak değerlendirildi. Yaş ve cinsiyet bilgileri arşiv taraması yoluyla elde edildi. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş aralığı 1 ile 83 arasında değişmekteydi. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde taşlar görülme sıklığına göre kalsiyum okzalat monohidrat + kalsiyum okzalat dihidrat (n=131, %43,66), kalsiyum okzalat monohidrat (n=43, %14,33), kalsiyum okzalat monohidrat + kalsiyum okzalat dihidrat + karbonat apatit (n=28, %9,33), kalsiyum okzalat monohidrat + ürik asit (n=17, %5,66), ürik asit (n=12, %4), kalsiyum okzalat monohidrat + karbonat apatit (n=10, %3,33) ve daha az olarak karışım halinde bulunan taşlar belirlendi. Taş oluşumunu cinsiyete göre incelediğimizde erkeklerde kadınlardan daha sık görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Taşların kimyasal bileşimini yaşa göre incelediğimizde taş oluşumunun en sık 19-40 yaş, en az 12 -18 yaş arasında görüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Kalsiyum elementinin baz alındığı taşların sık olarak görüldüğü, erkeklerde taş oluşumunun daha fazla olduğu ve yaş olarak 19-40 yaş aralığında taş oluşumunun fazla görüldüğü söylenebilir. Aralıklı olarak üriner sistem taşı oluşumuna maruz kalan kişilerin taşlarının kimyasal bileşim yönünden değerlendirilmesi ile hastalığın tedavisinin planlanması ve hastalığın tekrar etmesinin önlenmesine yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Risk factors of kidney stone disease: a cross-sectional study in the southeast of Iran

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of kidney stones in the world is increasing and environmental factors seem to play a major role in this issue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of risk factors of kidney stones in the adult population of Rafsanjan city based on the data of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS).

METHODS

In the baseline phase of this study, 10,000 people aged 35 to 70 years are enrolled in the RCS, as one of the prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran. From this population, 9932 participants completed related demographic questionnaires as well as reported a history of diabetes mellitus, kidney stone, and hypertension diseases. The obtained data were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistics regression.

RESULTS

According to the obtained results, 46.54% of the studied population were male and 53.46% were female. The mean age of the participants was 49.94 ± 9.56 years. 2392 people accounting for 24.08% of the population had kidney stones. After adjustment of the variables, six variables of gender, WSI, no consumption of purified water, BMI, and history of hypertension and diabetes were found to be significant related factors of kidney stone disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Gender, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and personal habits like alcohol consumption, opium use and, cigarette smoking are effective in the development of kidney stones. So, by identifying the susceptible patients and teaching them, the burden of the disease on society and the individual can be reduced. The results of this study are helpful to health care providers for preventive planning for kidney stone disease.

Association of kidney stone disease with dietary factors: a review

Kidney stone disease is one of the most common urologic disorders worldwide. The incidence of kidney stones disease is increasing all over the world. It is a multifactorial disease accompanied by various factors. The dietary factor is one of the most important risk factors for the formation and recurrence of kidney stone disease. Formation and recurrence of kidney stone disease can be prevented by modifying our day to day dietary habits. Fewer intakes of animal protein, higher intake of fluid, higher intake of fruits, and higher intake of green leafy vegetables, which contain a low amount of oxalate, can prevent the formation of kidney stones and recurrence of kidney stones. From this review, it may be presumed that the higher prevalence rate of kidney stone disease in northeast India may be the dietary factors accompanied by environmental and climatic conditions of the region.