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Kawahata I, Sekimori T, Oizumi H, Takeda A, Fukunaga K. Using Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins as Potential Biomarkers to Discriminate between Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Exploration of a Novel Technique. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13267. [PMID: 37686075 PMCID: PMC10487513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the global aging population is leading to an increase in age-related conditions such as dementia and movement disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The accurate prediction of risk factors associated with these disorders is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention. Biomarkers play a significant role in diagnosing and monitoring diseases. In neurodegenerative disorders like α-synucleinopathies, specific biomarkers can indicate the presence and progression of disease. We previously demonstrated the pathogenic impact of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) in α-synucleinopathies. Therefore, this study investigated FABPs as potential biomarkers for Lewy body diseases. Plasma FABP levels were measured in patients with AD, PD, DLB, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls. Plasma FABP3 was increased in all groups, while the levels of FABP5 and FABP7 tended to decrease in the AD group. Additionally, FABP2 levels were elevated in PD. A correlation analysis showed that higher FABP3 levels were associated with decreased cognitive function. The plasma concentrations of Tau, GFAP, NF-L, and UCHL1 correlated with cognitive decline. A scoring method was applied to discriminate between diseases, demonstrating high accuracy in distinguishing MCI vs. CN, AD vs. DLB, PD vs. DLB, and AD vs. PD. The study suggests that FABPs could serve as potential biomarkers for Lewy body diseases and aid in early disease detection and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan (K.F.)
| | - Tomoki Sekimori
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan (K.F.)
| | - Hideki Oizumi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai 982-0805, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai 982-0805, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan (K.F.)
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Li XL, Gao RX, Zhang Q, Li A, Cai LN, Zhao WW, Gao SL, Wang Y, Yue J. A bibliometric analysis of neuroimaging biomarkers in Parkinson disease based on Web of Science. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30079. [PMID: 35984119 PMCID: PMC9388009 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze and summarize the research hotspots and trends in neuroimaging biomarkers (NMBM) in Parkinson disease (PD) based on the Web of Science core collection database and provide new references for future studies. METHODS Literature regarding NMBM in PD from 1998 to 2022 was analyzed using the Web of Science core collection database. We utilized CiteSpace software (6.1R2) for bibliometric analyses of countries/institutions/authors, keywords, keyword bursts, references, and their clusters. RESULTS A total of 339 studies were identified with a continually increasing annual trend. The most productive country and collaboration was the United States. The top research hotspot is PD cognitive disorder. NMBM and artificial intelligence medical imaging have been applied in the clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PD. The trends in this field include research on T1 weighted structure magnetic resonance imaging in accordance with voxel-based morphometry, PD cognitive disorder, and neuroimaging features of Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer disease. CONCLUSION The development of NMBM in PD will be effectively promoted by drawing on international research hotspots and cutting-edge technologies, emphasizing international collaboration and institutional cooperation at the national level, and strengthening interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Li
- Division of CT and MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Rui-Xue Gao
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qinhong Zhang
- Department of Tuina, Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Jiuwei Chinese Medicine Clinic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ang Li
- Sanofi-Aventis China Investment Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Cai
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | | | - Sheng-Lan Gao
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Division of CT and MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhuan Yue
- Department of Tuina, Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Jiuwei Chinese Medicine Clinic, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhuan Yue, Department of Tuina, Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Jiuwei Chinese Medicine Clinic, Shenzhen 518000, China (e-mail: )
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Lopes MJP, Delmondes GDA, Leite GMDL, Cavalcante DRA, Aquino PÉAD, Lima FAVD, Neves KRT, Costa AS, Oliveira HDD, Bezerra Felipe CF, Pampolha Lima IS, Kerntopf MR, Viana GSDB. The Protein-Rich Fraction from Spirulina platensis Exerts Neuroprotection in Hemiparkinsonian Rats by Decreasing Brain Inflammatory-Related Enzymes and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expressions. J Med Food 2022; 25:695-709. [PMID: 35834631 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is a cyanobacterium with high protein content and presenting neuroprotective effects. Now, we studied a protein-enriched fraction (SPF), on behavior, neurochemical and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays in hemiparkinsonian rats, distributed into the groups: SO (sham-operated), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and 6-OHDA (treated with SPF, 5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o., 15 days). Afterward, animals were subjected to behavioral tests and euthanized, and brain areas used for neurochemical and IHC assays. SPF partly reversed the changes in the apomorphine-induced rotations, open field and forced swim tests, and also the decrease in striatal dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid contents seen in hemiparkinsonian rats. Furthermore, SPF reduced brain oxidative stress and increased striatal expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter and significantly reduced hippocampal inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expressions. The data suggest that the protein fraction from S. platensis, through its brain anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions, exerts neuroprotective effects that could benefit patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andréa Santos Costa
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Novak K, Chase BA, Narayanan J, Indic P, Markopoulou K. Quantitative Electroencephalography as a Biomarker for Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:804991. [PMID: 35046794 PMCID: PMC8761986 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.804991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) has been suggested as a biomarker for cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective: Determine if applying a wavelet-based qEEG algorithm to 21-electrode, resting-state EEG recordings obtained in a routine clinical setting has utility for predicting cognitive impairment in PD. Methods: PD subjects, evaluated by disease stage and motor score, were compared to healthy controls (N = 20 each). PD subjects with normal (PDN, MoCA 26-30, N = 6) and impaired (PDD, MoCA ≤ 25, N = 14) cognition were compared. The wavelet-transform based time-frequency algorithm assessed the instantaneous predominant frequency (IPF) at 60 ms intervals throughout entire recordings. We then determined the relative time spent by the IPF in the four standard EEG frequency bands (RTF) at each scalp location. The resting occipital rhythm (ROR) was assessed using standard power spectral analysis. Results: Comparing PD subjects to healthy controls, mean values are decreased for ROR and RTF-Beta, greater for RTF-Theta and similar for RTF-Delta and RTF-Alpha. In logistic regression models, arithmetic combinations of RTF values [e.g., (RTF-Alpha) + (RTF-Beta)/(RTF-Delta + RTF-Theta)] and RTF-Alpha values at occipital or parietal locations are most able to discriminate between PD and controls. A principal component (PC) from principal component analysis (PCA) using RTF-band values in all subjects is associated with PD status (p = 0.004, β = 0.31, AUC = 0.780). Its loadings show positive contribution from RTF-Theta at all scalp locations, and negative contributions from RTF-Beta at occipital, parietal, central, and temporal locations. Compared to cognitively normal PD subjects, cognitively impaired PD subjects have lower median RTF-Alpha and RTF-Beta values, greater RTF-Theta values and similar RTF-Delta values. A PC from PCA using RTF-band values in PD subjects is associated with cognitive status (p = 0.002, β = 0.922, AUC = 0.89). Its loadings show positive contributions from RTF-Theta at all scalp locations, negative contributions from RTF-Beta at central locations, and negative contributions from RTF-Delta at central, frontal and temporal locations. Age, disease duration and/or sex are not significant covariates. No PC was associated with motor score or disease stage. Significance: Analyzing standard EEG recordings obtained in a community practice setting using a wavelet-based qEEG algorithm shows promise as a PD biomarker and for predicting cognitive impairment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Novak
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States.,Department of Neurology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bruce A Chase
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States.,Department of Health Information Technology, Clinical Analytics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jaishree Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States.,Department of Neurology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Premananda Indic
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Katerina Markopoulou
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States.,Department of Neurology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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5
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Alpha-Synuclein and Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111239. [PMID: 34833115 PMCID: PMC8625417 DOI: 10.3390/life11111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in elderly people. It is characterized by the aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein throughout the nervous system. Aside from cardinal motor symptoms, cognitive impairment is one of the most disabling non-motor symptoms that occurs during the progression of the disease. The accumulation and spreading of alpha-synuclein pathology from the brainstem to limbic and neocortical structures is correlated with emerging cognitive decline in PD. This review summarizes the genetic and pathophysiologic relationship between alpha-synuclein and cognitive impairment in PD, together with potential areas of biomarker advancement.
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Kozak VV, Chaturvedi M, Gschwandtner U, Hatz F, Meyer A, Roth V, Fuhr P. EEG Slowing and Axial Motor Impairment Are Independent Predictors of Cognitive Worsening in a Three-Year Cohort of Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:171. [PMID: 32625079 PMCID: PMC7314977 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to determine whether the combination of two parameters: (a) score of axial impairment and limb rigidity (SAILR) with (b) EEG global relative median power in the frequency range theta 4–8 Hz (GRMPT) predicted cognitive outcome in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) better than each of these measures alone. Methods: 47 non-demented patients with PD were examined and re-examined after 3 years. At both time-points, the patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological and neurological assessment and EEG in eyes-closed resting-state condition. The results of cognitive tests were normalized and individually summarized to obtain a “global cognitive score” (GCS). Change of GCS was used to represent cognitive changes over time. GRMPT and SAILR was used for further analysis. Linear regression models were calculated. Results: GRMPT and SAILR independently predicted cognitive change. Combination of GRMPT and SAILR improved the significance of the regression model as compared to using each of these measures alone. GRMPT and SAILR only slightly correlate between each other. Conclusion: The combination of axial signs and rigidity with quantitative EEG improves early identification of patients with PD prone to severe cognitive decline. GRMPT and SAILR seem to reflect different disease mechanisms. Significance Combination of EEG and axial motor impairment assessment may be a valuable marker in the cognitive prognosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii V Kozak
- Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Menorca Chaturvedi
- Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ute Gschwandtner
- Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Hatz
- Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Meyer
- Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Volker Roth
- Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Fuhr
- Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Sasikumar S, Strafella AP. Imaging Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:47. [PMID: 32082250 PMCID: PMC7005138 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a significant non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease, with the risk of dementia increasing with prolonged disease duration. Multiple cognitive domains are affected, and the pathophysiology cannot be explained by dopaminergic loss alone. Sophisticated neuroimaging techniques can detect the nature and extent of extra-nigral involvement by targeting neurotransmitters, abnormal protein aggregates and tissue metabolism. This review identifies the functional and anatomical imaging characteristics that predict cognitive impairment in PD, the limitations that challenge this process, and the avenues of potential research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E. J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Li X, Xiong Y, Liu S, Zhou R, Hu Z, Tong Y, He L, Niu Z, Ma Y, Guo H. Predicting the Post-therapy Severity Level (UPDRS-III) of Patients With Parkinson's Disease After Drug Therapy by Using the Dynamic Connectivity Efficiency of fMRI. Front Neurol 2019; 10:668. [PMID: 31354605 PMCID: PMC6636605 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multi-systemic disease in the brain arising from the dysfunction of several neural networks. The diagnosis and treatment of PD have gained more attention for clinical researchers. While there have been many fMRI studies about functional topological changes of PD patients, whether the dynamic changes of functional connectivity can predict the drug therapy effect is still unclear. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether large-scale functional efficiency changes of topological network are detectable in PD patients, and to explore whether the severity level (UPDRS-III) after drug treatment can be predicted by the pre-treatment resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Here, we recruited 62 Parkinson's disease patients and calculated the dynamic nodal efficiency networks based on rs-fMRI. With connectome-based predictive models using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, we demonstrated that the dynamic nodal efficiency properties predict drug therapy effect well. The contributed regions for the prediction include hippocampus, post-central gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and orbital gyrus. Specifically, the connections between hippocampus and cingulate gyrus, hippocampus and insular gyrus, insular gyrus, and orbital gyrus are positively related to the recovery (post-therapy severity level) after drug therapy. The analysis of these connection features may provide important information for clinical treatment of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongsong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangxuan Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Le He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Niu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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9
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Hanna-Pladdy B, Gullapalli R, Chen H. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers Predicting Cognitive Progression in Parkinson Disease: Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e12870. [PMID: 31033450 PMCID: PMC6660119 DOI: 10.2196/12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardinal features of Parkinson disease (PD) are motor symptoms, but nonmotor features such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are common early in the disease process. MCI can progress and convert to dementia in advanced stages, creating significant disability and reduced quality of life. The primary pathological substrate for cognitive decline in PD is unclear, and there are no reliable biomarkers predicting the risk of conversion to dementia. A subgroup of PD patients with visual hallucinations may display more rapid conversion to dementia, suggesting that regional markers of visuoperceptual dysfunction may be sensitive to pathologic density in posterior cortical regions. Objective The purpose of this project is to characterize PD-MCI and evaluate the utility of genetic and neuroimaging biomarkers in predicting cognitive outcomes with a prospective longitudinal study. We will evaluate whether accelerated cognitive progression may be reflected in biomarkers of early posterior cortical changes reflective of α-synuclein deposition. Methods We will evaluate a cohort of early-stage PD patients with the following methods to predict cognitive progression: (1) serial neuropsychological evaluations including detailed visuoperceptual functioning across 4 years; (2) genetic analysis of SNCA (α-synuclein), MAPT (microtubule-associated tau), and APOE (apolipoprotein E); (3) an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm of object recognition memory; and (4) anatomical and regional brain activation changes (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging) across 4 years. Results The project received funding from the National Institutes of Health in August 2017, and data collection began in February 2018. Enrollment is ongoing, and subjects will be evaluated annually for 4 years extended across a 5-year project including data analysis and image processing. Conclusions Cognitive, genetic, and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging will characterize neural network changes predictive of cognitive progression in PD across 4 years. Identification of biomarkers with sensitivity for early prediction and estimation of risk for conversion to dementia in PD will pave the way for effective intervention with neuroprotective therapies during the critical stage when treatment can have the greatest impact. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/12870
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Hanna-Pladdy
- Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rao Gullapalli
- Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hegang Chen
- Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Ray NJ, Bradburn S, Murgatroyd C, Toseeb U, Mir P, Kountouriotis GK, Teipel SJ, Grothe MJ. In vivo cholinergic basal forebrain atrophy predicts cognitive decline in de novo Parkinson's disease. Brain 2019; 141:165-176. [PMID: 29228203 PMCID: PMC5837422 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
See Gratwicke and Foltynie (doi:10.1093/brain/awx333) for a scientific commentary on this article. Cognitive impairments are a prevalent and disabling non-motor complication of Parkinson’s disease, but with variable expression and progression. The onset of serious cognitive decline occurs alongside substantial cholinergic denervation, but imprecision of previously available techniques for in vivo measurement of cholinergic degeneration limit their use as predictive cognitive biomarkers. However, recent developments in stereotactic mapping of the cholinergic basal forebrain have been found useful for predicting cognitive decline in prodromal stages of Alzheimer’s disease. These methods have not yet been applied to longitudinal Parkinson’s disease data. In a large sample of people with de novo Parkinson’s disease (n = 168), retrieved from the Parkinson’s Progressive Markers Initiative database, we measured cholinergic basal forebrain volumes, using morphometric analysis of T1-weighted images in combination with a detailed stereotactic atlas of the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei. Using a binary classification procedure, we defined patients with reduced basal forebrain volumes (relative to age) at baseline, based on volumes measured in a normative sample (n = 76). Additionally, relationships between the basal forebrain volumes at baseline, risk of later cognitive decline, and scores on up to 5 years of annual cognitive assessments were assessed with regression, survival analysis and linear mixed modelling. In patients, smaller volumes in a region corresponding to the nucleus basalis of Meynert were associated with greater change in global cognitive, but not motor scores after 2 years. Using the binary classification procedure, patients classified as having smaller than expected volumes of the nucleus basalis of Meynert had ∼3.5-fold greater risk of being categorized as mildly cognitively impaired over a period of up to 5 years of follow-up (hazard ratio = 3.51). Finally, linear mixed modelling analysis of domain-specific cognitive scores revealed that patients classified as having smaller than expected nucleus basalis volumes showed more severe and rapid decline over up to 5 years on tests of memory and semantic fluency, but not on tests of executive function. Thus, we provide the first evidence that volumetric measurement of the nucleus basalis of Meynert can predict early cognitive decline. Our methods therefore provide the opportunity for multiple-modality biomarker models to include a cholinergic biomarker, which is currently lacking for the prediction of cognitive deterioration in Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, finding dissociated relationships between nucleus basalis status and domain-specific cognitive decline has implications for understanding the neural basis of heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Ray
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Steven Bradburn
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Umar Toseeb
- Department of Education, Derwent College, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Csubstantia innominataC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | | | - Stefan J Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michel J Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
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11
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Yamagishi Y, Saigoh K, Saito Y, Ogawa I, Mitsui Y, Hamada Y, Samukawa M, Suzuki H, Kuwahara M, Hirano M, Noguchi N, Kusunoki S. Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and the level of oxidized DJ-1 protein. Neurosci Res 2018; 128:58-62. [PMID: 28705587 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamagishi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Saigoh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Hamada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Samukawa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Motoi Kuwahara
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Makito Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Susumu Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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Titova N, Qamar MA, Chaudhuri KR. Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease: An Introduction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 132:183-196. [PMID: 28554407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of biomarkers is of great importance in Parkinson's disease (PD) as it may contribute to confirmation and support of the diagnosis, tracking of progression, and prediction of the natural history of PD. Biomarkers also help in the identification of targets for treatment and measuring the efficacy of interventions. Biomarkers are, therefore, crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of PD, the second commonest neurodegenerative disorder in the world. Modern understanding of PD suggests that it is a multipeptide, multiorgan disorder presenting with a heterogeneous clinical condition, both motor and nonmotor. Biomarkers need to reflect this neuropathological and clinical heterogeneity of PD. In this review, we outline some key advances in the field of clinical, genetic, neuroimaging, and tissue-based biomarkers proposed or used for PD. The individual sections will be covered in relevant chapters and our review is largely a primer aimed to alert readers to the current state of the various biomarkers proposed for PD. In doing so, we have also underlined the important role multimodal rather than single biomarkers could play in our future understanding of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Titova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mubasher A Qamar
- National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, Kings College and Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Kings College, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, Kings College and Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Kings College, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is an insidious disorder affecting more than 1-2% of the population over the age of 65. Understanding the etiology of PD may create opportunities for developing new treatments. Genomic and transcriptomic studies are useful, but do not provide evidence for the actual status of the disease. Conversely, proteomic studies deal with proteins, which are real time players, and can hence provide information on the dynamic nature of the affected cells. The number of publications relating to the proteomics of PD is vast. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the current proteomics literature and establish the connections between the past and the present to foresee the future. Areas covered: PubMed and Web of Science were used to retrieve the literature associated with PD proteomics. Studies using human samples, model organisms and cell lines were selected and reviewed to highlight their contributions to PD. Expert commentary: The proteomic studies associated with PD achieved only limited success in facilitating disease diagnosis, monitoring and progression. A global system biology approach using new models is needed. Future research should integrate the findings of proteomics with other omics data to facilitate both early diagnosis and the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kasap
- a Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory , Kocaeli University Medical School , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- a Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory , Kocaeli University Medical School , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Aylin Kanli
- a Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory , Kocaeli University Medical School , Kocaeli , Turkey
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Identification of NURR1 (Exon 4) and FOXA1 (Exon 3) Haplotypes Associated with mRNA Expression Levels in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Parkinson's Patients in Small Indian Population. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 2017:6025358. [PMID: 28255498 PMCID: PMC5307137 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6025358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we study the expression of NURR1 and FOXA1 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes and its haplotypes in coding region in a small Chennai population of India. Thirty cases of Parkinson's patients (PD) with anti-PD medications (20 males aged 65.85 ± 1.19 and 10 females aged 65.7 ± 1.202) and 30 age matched healthy people (20 males aged 68.45 ± 1.282 and 10 females aged 65.8 ± 1.133) were included. The expression of NURR1 and FOXA1 in PBL was detected by Q-PCR and haplotypes were identified by PCR-SSCP. In the 30 PD cases examined, NURR1 and FOXA1 expression was significantly reduced in both male and female PD patients. However, NURR1 (57.631% reduced in males; 28.93% in females) and FOXA1 (64.42% in males; 55.76% in females) mRNA expression did differ greatly between male and female PD patients. Polymorphisms were identified at exon 4 of the NURR1 and at exon 3 of the FOXA1, respectively, in both male and female patients. A near significant difference in SSCP patterns between genders of control and PD population was analyzed suggesting that further investigations of more patients, more molecular markers, and coding regions should be performed. Such studies could potentially reveal peripheral molecular marker of early PD and different significance to the respective genders.
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Flow cytometry analysis of synaptosomes from post-mortem human brain reveals changes specific to Lewy body and Alzheimer's disease. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1161-72. [PMID: 25068655 PMCID: PMC4184945 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is thought to have an important role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD). To improve our understanding of synaptic alterations in health and disease, we investigated synaptosomes prepared from post-mortem human cerebral cortex, putamen (PT), and two regions of the caudate nucleus, dorso-lateral (DL) and ventro-medial (VM), regions commonly affected in AD and LBD. We observed that the fraction of synaptosomal particles with reactivity for dopamine transporter (DAT) was significantly reduced in the PT and VM caudate of patients with neuropathological diagnosis of LBD. As expected, these differences also were reflected in direct measurements of dopamine (DA) and its metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), in caudate and PT of LBD patients. The fraction of synaptosomal particles positive for amyloid β (Aβ) was significantly increased in frontal cortical samples of patients with the neuropathological diagnosis of severe AD, and was positively correlated with disease progression. We also prepared synaptosomes from the striatum of mice with severe loss of DA neurons (Slc6a3-DTR mice) and wild-type littermate controls. We observed markedly reduced levels of DAT-positive synaptosomes in Slc6a3-DTR mice following exposure to diphtheria toxin (DT). Striatal levels of DA and DOPAC in Slc6a3-DTR mice also were reduced significantly following DT exposure. We conclude that flow cytometric analysis of synaptosomes prepared from human or mouse brain provides an opportunity to study expression of pathology-associated proteins and also the specific loss of dopaminergic nerve terminals. Hence, we believe it is a valid method to detect pathological changes at the level of the synapse in LBD as well as AD.
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Abstract
Paroxonase 1 displays multiple physiological activities that position it as a putative player in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Here we reviewed the literature focusing on the role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as a factor in the risk of stroke and the major neurodegenerative diseases. PON1 activity is reduced in stroke patients, which significantly correlates inversely with carotid and cerebral atherosclerosis. The presence of the R allele of the Q192R PON1 polymorphism seems to potentiate this risk for stroke. PON1 exerts peroxidase activities that may be important in neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative stress. PON1 is also a key detoxifier of organophosphates and organophosphate exposure has been linked to the development of neurological disorders in which acetylcholine plays a significant role. In Parkinson's disease most of the studies suggest no participation of either L55M or the Q192R polymorphisms in its pathogenesis. However, many studies suggest that the MM55 PON1 genotype is associated with a higher risk for Parkinson's disease in individuals exposed to organophosphates. In Alzheimer's disease most studies have failed to find any association between PON1 polymorphisms and the development of the disease. Some studies show that PON1 activity is decreased in patients with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, suggesting a possible protective role of PON1. No links between PON1 polymorphisms or activity have been found in other neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PON1 is a potential player in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. More research is warranted to ascertain the precise pathogenic links and the prognostic value of its measurement in neurological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita Menini
- Department of Basic SciencesTouro University-California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Gugliucci
- GlycationOxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, Touro University-California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
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Biomarkers in Parkinson's disease (recent update). Neurochem Int 2013; 63:201-29. [PMID: 23791710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder mostly affecting the aging population over sixty. Cardinal symptoms including, tremors, muscle rigidity, drooping posture, drooling, walking difficulty, and autonomic symptoms appear when a significant number of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons are already destroyed. Hence we need early, sensitive, specific, and economical peripheral and/or central biomarker(s) for the differential diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PD. These can be classified as clinical, biochemical, genetic, proteomic, and neuroimaging biomarkers. Novel discoveries of genetic as well as nongenetic biomarkers may be utilized for the personalized treatment of PD during preclinical (premotor) and clinical (motor) stages. Premotor biomarkers including hyper-echogenicity of substantia nigra, olfactory and autonomic dysfunction, depression, hyposmia, deafness, REM sleep disorder, and impulsive behavior may be noticed during preclinical stage. Neuroimaging biomarkers (PET, SPECT, MRI), and neuropsychological deficits can facilitate differential diagnosis. Single-cell profiling of dopaminergic neurons has identified pyridoxal kinase and lysosomal ATPase as biomarker genes for PD prognosis. Promising biomarkers include: fluid biomarkers, neuromelanin antibodies, pathological forms of α-Syn, DJ-1, amyloid β and tau in the CSF, patterns of gene expression, metabolomics, urate, as well as protein profiling in the blood and CSF samples. Reduced brain regional N-acetyl-aspartate is a biomarker for the in vivo assessment of neuronal loss using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and T2 relaxation time with MRI. To confirm PD diagnosis, the PET biomarkers include [(18)F]-DOPA for estimating dopaminergic neurotransmission, [(18)F]dG for mitochondrial bioenergetics, [(18)F]BMS for mitochondrial complex-1, [(11)C](R)-PK11195 for microglial activation, SPECT imaging with (123)Iflupane and βCIT for dopamine transporter, and urinary salsolinol and 8-hydroxy, 2-deoxyguanosine for neuronal loss. This brief review describes the merits and limitations of recently discovered biomarkers and proposes coenzyme Q10, mitochondrial ubiquinone-NADH oxidoreductase, melatonin, α-synculein index, Charnoly body, and metallothioneins as novel biomarkers to confirm PD diagnosis for early and effective treatment of PD.
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Recent advances in metabolomics in neurological disease, and future perspectives. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8143-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kimura R, Ma L, Wu C, Turner D, Shen J, Ellsworth K, Wakui M, Maalouf M, Wu J. Acute exposure to the mitochondrial complex I toxin rotenone impairs synaptic long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18:641-6. [PMID: 22613619 PMCID: PMC6493358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the acute effects of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone on rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity. METHODS Electrophysiological field potential recordings were used to measure basal synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in rat coronal hippocampal slices. Synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced by high-frequency stimulation (100 Hz, 1 second × 3 at an interval of 20 seconds). In addition, mitochondrial complex I function was measured using MitoSOX imaging in mitochondrial preparations. RESULTS Acute exposure of hippocampal slices to 50 nM rotenone for 1 h did not alter basal CA3-CA1 synaptic transmission though 500 nM rotenone significantly reduced basal synaptic transmission. However, 50 nM rotenone significantly impaired LTP and this rotenone's effect was prevented by co-application of rotenone plus the ketones acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate (1 mM each). Finally, we measured mitochondrial function using MitoSOX imaging in mitochondrial preparations and found that 50 nM rotenone partially reduced mitochondrial function whereas 500 nM rotenone completely eliminated mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that mitochondrial activity driven by complex I is a sensitive modulator of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Acute exposure of the hippocampus to rotenone eliminates complex I function and in turn impairs LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lu‐Yao Ma
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chen Wu
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Dharshaun Turner
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jian‐Xin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kevin Ellsworth
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Makoto Wakui
- Clinical Research, Hirosaki National Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Marwan Maalouf
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Science, the University of Arizona College of Medicine‐Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: heterogenous mechanisms. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 120:157-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rana AQ, Yousuf MS, Naz S, Qa'aty N. Prevalence and relation of dementia to various factors in Parkinson's disease. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 66:64-8. [PMID: 22250611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Dementia, among its non-motor symptoms, is a debilitating complication affecting intellectual functioning. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of dementia in Parkinson's disease and its relation to age, gender and stage of the disease. METHODS A retrospective chart analysis was performed on Parkinson's disease patients seen in a community-based Parkinson's disease and movement disorder clinic between 2005 and 2010. RESULTS A total of 310 patients were included in this survey, among whom 61 patients (19.7%) with Parkinson's disease met the criteria for dementia. Age was found to be a significant factor in developing dementia, with 90% of patients with dementia aged ≥70. Gender, however, was not correlated with dementia in Parkinson's disease. On analysis of stage at which dementia developed, progression of the disease was positively correlated with prevalence of dementia. CONCLUSIONS As age increases, the chances of developing dementia increase. Dementia, contrarily, is not selective between genders. The likelihood of developing dementia increases as the stage of disease advances. Further research is required in order to understand underlying mechanisms of dementia in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qayyum Rana
- Parkinson's Clinic of Eastern Toronto and Movement Disorders Center, Toronto, Canada.
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Jellinger KA. Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a critical update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/ahe.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of: Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Williams-Gray C et al.: Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: a multicenter pooled analysis. Neurology 75, 1062–1069 (2010). A clinical analysis of 1346 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) from eight different cohorts, using standardized criteria and cognitive tests, revealed an incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in 25.8%. It affected various cognitive domains, most frequently memory (13.3%), visuospatial (11%) and attention-executive abilities (10.1%). MCI was classified as nonamnestic and amnestic single domain (11.2 and 8.9%, respectively), and amnestic and nonamnestic multiple domain (4.8 and 1.3%, respectively). The author comments on this clinical study of a well-characterized multicenter cohort showing that PD-MCI was associated with older age at disease onset, male gender, depression, more severe motor symptoms and advanced disease stage. The potential mechanisms underlying MCI in PD patients are compared with non-PD patients, and recent data on heterogeneous neuropathology in both PD-MCI and non-PD-MCI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Kenyongasse 18, A-1070 Vienna, Austria
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Duncan RP, Earhart GM. Measuring participation in individuals with Parkinson disease: relationships with disease severity, quality of life, and mobility. Disabil Rehabil 2010; 33:1440-6. [PMID: 21091047 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.533245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aims were to: (1) describe participation in people with Parkinson disease (PD), (2) evaluate the relationship between quality of life and participation and (3) determine the mobility measures which are predictive of participation. METHODS Participants with idiopathic PD (n = 62) were tested off medication for participation (Activity Card Sort), quality of life (PDQ-39), disease severity (MDS-UPDRS) and mobility (Berg Balance Scale, Five Time Sit to Stand (FTSTS), Six Minute Walk, forward walking velocity, dual-task walking velocity and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ)). Relationships of all variables to participation were examined using Pearson correlations. Subsequent regression analysis was employed to determine the mobility measures which best predicted the participation. RESULTS Participants with PD retained, on average, 78.3% (SD = 15.6%) of total activities. Participation was negatively correlated with all PDQ-39 domains (r range -0.36 to -0.78, all p < 0.005) with the mobility domain having the strongest correlation. All mobility measures were significantly correlated with participation, with the final regression model including only FTSTS and FOGQ which combined explained 37% of the variance in participation. CONCLUSIONS Participation is highly related to mobility-related QOL and may be most impacted by ability to stand up from a chair and freezing of gait in those with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Duncan
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St Louis, USA
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