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Tsouggou N, Oikonomou A, Papadimitriou K, Skandamis PN. 16S and 18S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing Analysis of Aesthetically Problematic Microbial Mats on the Walls of the Petralona Cave: The Use of Essential Oils as a Cleaning Method. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2681. [PMID: 38004693 PMCID: PMC10673238 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of microbial communities on cave walls and speleothems is an issue that requires attention. Traditional cleaning methods using water, brushes, and steam can spread the infection and cause damage to the cave structures, while chemical agents can lead to the formation of toxic compounds and damage the cave walls. Essential oils (EOs) have shown promising results in disrupting the cell membrane of bacteria and affecting their membrane permeability. In this study, we identified the microorganisms forming unwanted microbial communities on the walls and speleothems of Petralona Cave using 16S and 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing approaches and evaluated the efficacy of EOs in reducing the ATP levels of these ecosystems. The samples exhibited a variety of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, the SAR supergroup, Opisthokonta, Excavata, Archaeplastida, and Amoebozoa. These phyla are often found in various habitats, including caves, and contribute to the ecological intricacy of cave ecosystems. In terms of the order and genus taxonomy, the identified biota showed abundances that varied significantly among the samples. Functional predictions were also conducted to estimate the differences in expressed genes among the samples. Oregano EO was found to reduce ATP levels by 87% and 46% for black and green spots, respectively. Consecutive spraying with cinnamon EO further reduced ATP levels, with reductions of 89% for black and 88% for green spots. The application of a mixture solution caused a significant reduction up to 96% in ATP levels of both areas. Our results indicate that EOs could be a promising solution for the treatment of microbial communities on cave walls and speleothems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tsouggou
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control & Hygiene, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.T.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Alexandra Oikonomou
- Ephorate of Palaeoanthropology and Speleology, Hellenic Republic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Ardittou 34b, 11636 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control & Hygiene, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.T.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Panagiotis N. Skandamis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control & Hygiene, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.T.); (P.N.S.)
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Srivastava A, Kumar A, Biswas S, Kumar R, Srivastava V, Rajaram H, Mishra Y. Gamma (γ)-radiation stress response of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120: Regulatory role of LexA and photophysiological changes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111529. [PMID: 36332765 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High radioresistance of the cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC7120 has been attributed to efficient DNA repair, protein recycling, and oxidative stress management. However, the regulatory network involved in these batteries of responses remains unexplored. In the present study, the role of a global regulator, LexA in modulating gamma (γ)-radiation stress response of Anabaena was investigated. Comparison of the cytosolic proteome profiles upon γ-radiation in recombinant Anabaena strains, AnpAM (vector-control) and AnlexA+ (LexA-overexpressing), revealed 41 differentially accumulated proteins, corresponding to 29 distinct proteins. LexA was found to be involved in the regulation of 27 of the corresponding genes based on the presence of AnLexA-Box, EMSA, and/or qRT-PCR studies. The majority of the regulated genes were found to be involved in C-assimilation either through photosynthesis or C-catabolism and oxidative stress alleviation. Photosynthesis, measured in terms of PSII photophysiological parameters and thylakoid membrane proteome was found to be affected by γ-radiation in both AnpAM and AnlexA+ cells, with LexA affecting them even under control growth conditions. Thus, LexA functioned as one of the transcriptional regulators involved in modulating γ-radiation stress response in Anabaena. This study could pave the way for a deeper understanding of the regulation of γ-radiation-responsive genes in cyanobacteria at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Hema Rajaram
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Yogesh Mishra
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Nano-technology platforms to increase the antibacterial drug suitability of essential oils: A drug prospective assessment. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Scandorieiro S, Rodrigues BCD, Nishio EK, Panagio LA, de Oliveira AG, Durán N, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Strategically Combined With Origanum vulgare Derivatives: Antibacterial Mechanism of Action and Effect on Multidrug-Resistant Strains. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842600. [PMID: 35602016 PMCID: PMC9121793 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a public health problem worldwide, reducing treatment options against several pathogens. If we do not act against this problem, it is estimated that by 2050 superbugs will kill more people than the current COVID-19 pandemic. Among solutions to combat antibacterial resistance, there is increasing demand for new antimicrobials. The antibacterial activity of binary combinations containing bioAgNP (biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles using Fusarium oxysporum), oregano essential oil (OEO), carvacrol (Car), and thymol (Thy) was evaluated: OEO plus bioAgNP, Car plus bioAgNP, Thy plus bioAgNP, and Car plus Thy. This study shows that the mechanism of action of Thy, bioAgNP, and Thy plus bioAgNP involves damaging the membrane and cell wall (surface blebbing and disruption seen with an electron microscope), causing cytoplasmic molecule leakage (ATP, DNA, RNA, and total proteins) and oxidative stress by enhancing intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation; a similar mechanism happens for OEO and Car, except for oxidative stress. The combination containing bioAgNP and oregano derivatives, especially thymol, shows strategic antibacterial mechanism; thymol disturbs the selective permeability of the cell membrane and consequently facilitates access of the nanoparticles to bacterial cytoplasm. BioAgNP-treated Escherichia coli developed resistance to nanosilver after 12 days of daily exposition. The combination of Thy and bioAgNP prevented the emergence of resistance to both antimicrobials; therefore, mixture of antimicrobials is a strategy to extend their life. For antimicrobials alone, minimal bactericidal concentration ranges were 0.3-2.38 mg/ml (OEO), 0.31-1.22 mg/ml (Car), 0.25-1 mg/ml (Thy), and 15.75-31.5 μg/ml (bioAgNP). The time-kill assays showed that the oregano derivatives acted very fast (at least 10 s), while the bioAgNP took at least 30 min to kill Gram-negative bacteria and 7 h to kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). All the combinations resulted in additive antibacterial effect, reducing significantly minimal inhibitory concentration and acting faster than the bioAgNP alone; they also showed no cytotoxicity. This study describes for the first time the effect of Car and Thy combined with bioAgNP (produced with F. oxysporum components) against bacteria for which efficient antimicrobials are urgently needed, such as carbapenem-resistant strains (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Scandorieiro
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Bianca C. D. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Erick K. Nishio
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luciano A. Panagio
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology and Oral Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Admilton G. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology – Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Renata K. T. Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Antibacterial characteristics of oregano essential oil and its mechanisms against Escherichia coli O157:H7. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Malik T, Sharma R, Panesar PS, Gehlot R, Tokusoglu O, Dhull SB, Vural H, Singh A. Nutmeg nutraceutical constituents: In vitro and in vivo pharmacological potential. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Malik
- Centre of Food Science and Technology CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar India
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
| | | | - Rakesh Gehlot
- Centre of Food Science and Technology CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar India
| | - Ozlem Tokusoglu
- Engineering Faculty Department of Food Engineering Celal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and Technology Chaudhary Devi Lal University Sirsa India
| | - Halil Vural
- Engineering Faculty Department of Food Engineering Hacettepe UniversityBeytepe Campus Ankara Turkey
| | - Ajay Singh
- Department of Food Technology Mata Gujri College Fatehgarh Sahib India
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Tseng CY, Sun MF, Kao TC, Li TC, Lin CT. Role of Coptis chinensis in antibiotic susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:946-955. [PMID: 34332892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has rapidly increased. This study aimed to assess the effect of Coptis chinensis and its compounds on the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight antibiotics against CRKP. METHODS Cell cultures were used to investigate the effects of C. chinensis and its compounds on the MICs of eight antibiotics against CRKP. The MICs for antibiotics alone and antibiotics with C. chinensis or compounds were measured and compared. Furthermore, the effects of C. chinensis on cell membrane injury and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) CRKP concentration were also measured. The Mann-Whitney rank-sum test was used to analyze the differences between means. RESULTS C. chinensis exhibits a notable MIC bacteriostatic effect at 5 mg/mL on CRKP. A significant MIC reduction against CRKP exists when C. chinensis was added to colistin and colistin-containing two-antibiotic combinations. Moreover, C. chinensis could damage cell membrane integrity and decrease intracellular ATP concentration in CRKP. Thus, C. chinensis exhibits antimicrobial activity superiority with colistin against CRKP. Furthermore, the effects of identified compounds in C. chinensis on the MICs of colistin, four-to eight-, two-to four-, and one-to two-fold reductions were found in ferulic acid, magnoflorine, and jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, respectively. Among these compounds, ferulic acid destroys membrane integrity and decreases intracellular ATP concentration. CONCLUSION C. chinensis and ferulic acid can potentiate the antimicrobial activity of colistin and may represent a promising component of combination therapy against CRKP infections in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yin Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan; Section of Infectious Disease, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, 690, Sec. 2, Guang-fu Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu City, 30071, Taiwan.
| | - Mao-Feng Sun
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chien Kao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Ting Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan.
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Soltani S, Shakeri A, Iranshahi M, Boozari M. A Review of the Phytochemistry and Antimicrobial Properties of Origanum vulgare L. and Subspecies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:268-285. [PMID: 34567161 PMCID: PMC8457725 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113874.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Origanum vulgare L. (O. vulgare) is an important medicinal herb of the family Lamiaceae. In the current study, we explained the critical evaluation of traditional uses, the phytochemistry and the antimicrobial properties of O. vulgare and its subspecies, with a focus on the mechanisms of actions of the most important phytochemicals from O. vulgare subspecies. The most important phytochemicals of O. vulgare are volatile (essential oil) and non-volatile phenolic compounds (phenolic acids & flavonoids). The constituents of the O. vulgare essential oil (EO) include high percentages of thymol and carvacrol with excellent antimicrobial activity alone or in combination with other antibiotics. Interesting results have been reported the remarkable antimicrobial activities of infusion or tea products of O. vulgare with a high amount of EO against multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal microorganism (such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The most important antibacterial mechanisms of O. vulgare are enzyme inhibition, efflux pump inhibition, ATP depletion, biofilm formation inhibition and cytoplasmic membrane damage. The antimicrobial activity of the hirtum subspecies has been confirmed in different in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The present review confirms the clinical and preclinical research showing the O. vulgare and its subspecies antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Soltani
- Department of Food and Drug, Control Laboratory of Food and Drug, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xiao S, Cui P, Shi W, Zhang Y. Identification of essential oils with activity against stationary phase Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:99. [PMID: 32209108 PMCID: PMC7092464 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is the most dominant human pathogen, responsible for a variety of chronic and severe infections. There is mounting evidence that persisters are associated with treatment failure and relapse of persistent infections. While some essential oils were reported to have antimicrobial activity against growing S. aureus, activity of essential oils against the stationary phase S. aureus enriched in persisters has not been investigated. Methods In this study, we evaluated the activity of 143 essential oils against both growing and stationary phase S. aureus by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing and by colony forming unit assay. Results We identified 39 essential oils (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Bandit “Thieves”, Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Sandalwood oil, Health shield, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa, Cinnamon leaf, Clove bud, Citronella, Geranium bourbon, Marjoram, Peppermint, Lemongrass, Cornmint, Elemi, Ho wood, Head ease, Lemon eucalyptus, Litsea cubeba, Myrrh, Parsley seed, Coriander oil, Dillweed, Hyssop, Neroli, Rosewood oil, Tea tree, Cajeput, Clove bud, Lavender, Sleep tight, Vetiver, Palo santo, Sage oil, Yarrow) at 0.5% (v/v) concentration, 10 essential oils (Cinnamon bark, Oregano, Thyme white, Bandit “Thieves”, Lemongrass, Sandalwood oil, Health shield, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa at 0.25% (v/v) concentration, and 7 essential oils (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Lemongrass, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa at 0.125% (v/v) concentration to have high activity against stationary phase S. aureus with no visible growth on agar plates after five-day exposure. Among the 10 essential oils which showed high activity at 0.25% (v/v) concentration, 9 (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Bandit “Thieves”, Lemongrass, Health shield, Allspice, Palmarosa, Amyris showed higher activity than the known persister drug tosufloxacin, while Sandalwood oil had activity at a higher concentration. In Oregano essential oil combination studies with antibiotics, Oregano plus tosufloxacin (or levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) and rifampin completely eradicated stationary phase S. aureus cells, but had no apparent enhancement for linezolid, vancomycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin or gentamicin. Conclusions Our findings indicate that some essential oils have excellent activity against both growing and stationary phase S. aureus. Further studies are needed to identify the active components, evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and their activity to eradicate S. aureus infections in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Xiao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Wanliang Shi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Shi C, Zhang X, Sun Y, Yang M, Song K, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Liu X, Jia Z, Dong R, Cui L, Xia X. Antimicrobial Activity of Ferulic Acid Against Cronobacter sakazakii and Possible Mechanism of Action. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:196-204. [PMID: 26919471 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen transmitted by food that affects mainly newborns, infants, and immune-compromised adults. In this study, the antibacterial activity of ferulic acid was tested against C. sakazakii strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration of ferulic acid against C. sakazakii strains was determined using the agar dilution method. Changes in intracellular pH, membrane potential and intracellular ATP concentration were measured to elucidate the possible antibacterial mechanism. Moreover, SYTO 9 nucleic acid staining was used to assess the effect of ferulic acid on bacterial membrane integrity. Cell morphology changes were observed under a field emission scanning electron microscope. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ferulic acid against C. sakazakii strains ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 mg/mL. Addition of ferulic acid exerted an immediate and sustained inhibition of C. sakazakii proliferation. Ferulic acid affected the membrane integrity of C. sakazakii, as evidenced by intracellular ATP concentration decrease. Moreover, reduction of intracellular pH and cell membrane hyperpolarization were detected in C. sakazakii after exposure to ferulic acid. Reduction of green fluorescence indicated the injury of cell membrane. Electronic microscopy confirmed that cell membrane of C. sakazakii was damaged by ferulic acid. Our results demonstrate that ferulic acid has moderate antimicrobial activity against C. sakazakii. It exerts its antimicrobial action partly through causing cell membrane dysfunction and changes in cellular morphology. Considering its antimicrobial properties, together with its well-known nutritional functions, ferulic acid has potential to be developed as a supplement in infant formula or other foods to control C. sakazakii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaochun Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaikuo Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, De Martino L, Coppola R, De Feo V. Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1451-74. [PMID: 24287491 PMCID: PMC3873673 DOI: 10.3390/ph6121451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 878] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance of microorganisms to conventional chemicals and drugs is a serious and evident worldwide problem that has prompted research into the identification of new biocides with broad activity. Plants and their derivatives, such as essential oils, are often used in folk medicine. In nature, essential oils play an important role in the protection of plants. Essential oils contain a wide variety of secondary metabolites that are capable of inhibiting or slowing the growth of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Essential oils and their components have activity against a variety of targets, particularly the membrane and cytoplasm, and in some cases, they completely change the morphology of the cells. This brief review describes the activity of essential oils against pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Nazzaro
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, ISA-CNR, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; E-Mails: (F.F.); (R.C)
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, ISA-CNR, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; E-Mails: (F.F.); (R.C)
| | - Laura De Martino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia,Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; E-Mails: (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, ISA-CNR, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; E-Mails: (F.F.); (R.C)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia,Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; E-Mails: (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
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Marrufo T, Nazzaro F, Mancini E, Fratianni F, Coppola R, De Martino L, Agostinho AB, De Feo V. Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil from leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivated in Mozambique. Molecules 2013; 18:10989-1000. [PMID: 24022760 PMCID: PMC6269949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) grown in Mozambique was investigated. The chemical composition was studied by means of GC and GC-MS analysis. Hexacosane (13.9%), pentacosane (13.3%) and heptacosane (11.4%) were the main components. Ultra High Performance Chromatography-DAD analysis detected the flavonoids quercetin (126 μg/g) and luteolin (6.2 μg/g). The essential oil exhibited a relatively low free radical scavenging capacity. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was assayed against two Gram-positive strains (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus), two Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and five fungal strains of agro-food interest (Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium digitatum, and Aspergillus niger spp.). B. cereus and P. aeruginosa, as well as the fungal strains were sensitive to the essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Marrufo
- Centre for Research and Development in Ethnobotany–CIDE, Rua de Igreja, Casa zero, Vila Namaacha, Maputo Province, Mozambique; E-Mails: (T.M.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; E-Mails: (F.N.); (F.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Emilia Mancini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy; E-Mails: (E.M.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; E-Mails: (F.N.); (F.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; E-Mails: (F.N.); (F.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy; E-Mails: (E.M.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Adelaide Bela Agostinho
- Centre for Research and Development in Ethnobotany–CIDE, Rua de Igreja, Casa zero, Vila Namaacha, Maputo Province, Mozambique; E-Mails: (T.M.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy; E-Mails: (E.M.); (L.D.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-089-969751; Fax: +39-089-969602
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Silva TM, Miranda RR, Ferraz VP, Pereira MT, de Siqueira EP, Alcântara AF. Changes in the essential oil composition of leaves of Echinodorus macrophyllus exposed to γ-radiation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effect of gamma irradiation on the expressed proteins in the foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Capillary electrophoresis separation of protein composition of γ-irradiated food pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32488. [PMID: 22427846 PMCID: PMC3299667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A capillary electrophoresis method using UV detection was developed to analyse protein composition of the lysates of two foodborne pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus which were previously treated at different irradiation doses. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Bacterial samples were γ-irradiated at different doses to produce damage cells, to kill cells and to provoke viable but non culturable cells (VBNC) in order to evaluate the respective expression of stress proteins. In Listeria monocytogenes, two proteins (MW of 70.2 and 85.4 kDa) were significantly changed (P ≤ 0.05) at different doses of irradiation. In Staphyloccocus aureus, one protein (50 S ribosomal protein) with the MW of 16.3 kDa was significantly decreased at a low dose of irradiation treatment and the other protein (transcriptional regulator CtsR) with the MW of 17.7 kDa was increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) at all doses of irradiation treatment compared to control. CONCLUSION Expression of two proteins from the acyltransferase family in Listeria monocytogenes was statistically changed during irradiation treatment (P ≤ 0.05). In Staphylococcus aureus, expression of the 50 S ribosomal protein decreased and the transcriptional regulator CtsR espression increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) following irradiation treatment. These expressed proteins do not belong to the well-known heat shock proteins family of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The research further confirmed that capillary electrophoresis is a useful method to separate and analyse proteins expression which may be related to the resistance or sensitivity of food pathogens to γ-irradiation.
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