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Zhang H, Wang M, Yu G, Pu J, Tian K, Tang X, Du Y, Wu H, Hu J, Luo X, Lin L, Deng Q. Comparative analysis of the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of different parts of two pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Cultivars: 'Tunisia' and 'Qingpi'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1265018. [PMID: 37841630 PMCID: PMC10570729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1265018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), with its abundant phenolic substances and strong antioxidant activity, holds significant research and utilization potential across various organs. However, there have been few studies on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of pomegranate, especially the placenta. This study investigated the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruits, flowers, and leaves of two pomegranate varieties, 'Tunisia' and 'Qingpi', throughout their growth and development. Results indicated significant variations in phenolic content among different organs, with petals exhibiting the highest total polyphenol content (TPC, 49.40 mg GAE/g FW) and total anthocyanin content (TMAC, 1938.54 nmol/g FW). Placenta contained the highest levels of total flavonoids (TFC, 173.58 mg RE/g FW) and punicalagin (109.30 mg/g FW). The peel had the highest content of total flavanols (TFAC, 19.42 mg CE/g FW). Over the course of pomegranate development, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total flavanols, punicalagin, and antioxidant activity declined in different organs. Antioxidant activity followed the order: fruit > flower > leaf, with the placenta exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity among fruits. Antioxidant activity showed a significant positive correlation with total polyphenols (R2 = 0.77-1.00), total flavonoids (R2 = 0.71-0.99, except tegmens), and punicalagin (R2 = 0.71-1.00). This study provides a comparative analysis of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in different organs of pomegranate, highlighting the placenta as the primary source of punicalagin. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of pomegranate phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Pu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Tian
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofu Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Du
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Rural Professional Technology Association of Huili, Huili, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Science and Technology Association of Huili, Huili, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, ChengDu, Sichuan, China
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Legua P, José Martínez-Nicolás J, Guirao P, Hernández F, Núñez-Gómez D, Melgarejo P. Influence of fruit bagging technique on the morphometric and biochemical characteristics of two pomegranate varieties (Punica granatum L.). FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100112. [PMID: 35601535 PMCID: PMC9121267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bagging technique shown influence in the size and shape of the pomegranate fruits. TSS, MI, glucose, α punicalagin, α + β punicalagin, and ellagic acid was affected by bagging. pH, TA, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, TP, fructose, organic acids, β punicalagin and anthocyanins were not influenced. It can be said that bagging can improve fruit quality by reducing external damage.
The pomegranate tree is cultivated and its fruits consumed since ancient times. This tree is typical of the Mediterranean climate, with high thermal demands to mature properly. The main objective of this work was to study the influence of the fruit bagging technique on the morphometric and biochemical characteristics of the pomegranate fruits of two new varieties that are currently cultivated in the Southeast of Spain. The results indicated that the fruit bagging presented a significant effect on the weight, equatorial diameter, height and shape of the fruit, however, it did not show any influence on the peel thickness. No significant differences have been observed in the number of healthy fruits with and without bagging, however, the number of cracked fruits with Cryptoblabes gnidiella damage was higher for the non-bagged fruits. The fruit bagging presented a significant effect on the total soluble solids, maturity index, glucose, α-punicalagin, α + β-punicalagin and ellagic acid, but it did not show influence on pH, acidity, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, total phenols, fructose, citric, malic, and quinic acid, β-punicalagin and anthocyanins. The internal fruit color was not affected by the bagging, although it did affect the external color of the fruit, and unevenly depending on the variety. Based on the results, it can be said that bagging can improve the quality of the fruit by reducing damage from pests and pathophysiology, and this benefit compensates or even exceeds the negative effects of bagging on peel color.
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Zhao X, Yuan Z. Anthocyanins from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L. ) and Their Role in Antioxidant Capacities in Vitro. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100399. [PMID: 34388293 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As phytochemicals, anthocyanins are not only responsible for the diverse colors in nature, but are associated with broad-spectrum health-promoting effects for human beings. Pomegranate is abundant in anthocyanins which possess high antioxidant capacities. However, the pomegranate anthocyanins profile and their contributions to antioxidant capacities are not fully depicted. The purpose of this paper is to review anthocyanins from pomegranate as important antioxidants. Total anthocyanin content (TAC) and six major components vary greatly with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In pomegranate, anthocyanins mainly acted as primary antioxidants, while their action as secondary antioxidants were not conclusive. The antioxidant potentials of anthocyanins were significantly affected by factors especially chemical structure and detection assays in vitro. The current knowledge may provide insights into potential applications for pomegranate anthocyanins based on their antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhao
- Nanjing Forestry University, College of Forestry, 159 Longpan Rd., 210037, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Zhaohe Yuan
- Nanjing Forestry University, College of Forestry, 159 Longpan Rd., 210037, Nanjing, CHINA
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Impact of Sugar Type Addition and Fermentation Temperature on Pomegranate Alcoholic Beverage Production and Characteristics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060889. [PMID: 34205857 PMCID: PMC8228759 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the production of pomegranate alcoholic beverage (PAB) from juice of the Wonderful variety. The effect of fermentation temperature (15 and 25 °C) and type of sugar added (adjustment to 20 °Brix) on the physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, and volatile composition were studied. Sucrose, concentrated pomegranate juice, concentrated grape juice, and honey were used to increase the initial sugar content. The produced PABs contained ethanol in concentrations ranging from 7.9 to 10.0% v/v and glycerol from 4.8 to 6.1 g L−1. A decrease in total phenolics content, free radical-scavenging activity, and total monomeric anthocyanin content was observed following fermentation. Total flavonoids content appeared to increase after fermentation only in the cases of concentrated pomegranate and grape juice addition. In general, 22 volatile compounds were identified in PABs (13 esters, 2 fatty acids, and 7 alcohols). Major compounds detected were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, and ethyl acetate. These findings demonstrate the production prospect of PABs with increased ethanol content, while elaborating on the importance of fermentation temperature and the differences between the selected types of added sugars on end-product composition.
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Melgarejo-Sánchez P, Núñez-Gómez D, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Hernández F, Legua P, Melgarejo P. Pomegranate variety and pomegranate plant part, relevance from bioactive point of view: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 38650225 PMCID: PMC10973758 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to the Punicaceae plant family. It is an important fruit due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Pomegranates are widely distributed around the world and, therefore, have a broad genetic diversity, resulting in differences in their phytochemical composition. The scientific community has focused on the positive health effects of pomegranate as a whole, but the different varieties have rarely been compared according to their bioactive compounds and bioactivity. This review aims to provide a holistic overview of the current knowledge on the bioactivity of pomegranate trees, with an emphasis on differentiating both the varieties and the different plant parts. This review intends to provide a general and organized overview of the accumulated knowledge on pomegranates, the identification of the most bioactive varieties, their potential consumption pathways and seeks to provide knowledge on the present gaps to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Melgarejo-Sánchez
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain.
| | - Juan J Martínez-Nicolás
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pilar Legua
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pablo Melgarejo
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
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Khémiri I, Essghaier B, Sadfi-Zouaoui N, Bitri L. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials of Seed Oil from Carthamus tinctorius L. in the Management of Skin Injuries. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4103418. [PMID: 33204394 PMCID: PMC7661123 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infection of skin injuries by pathogenic microbial strains is generally associated if not treated with a lasting wound bed oxidative stress status, a delay in healing process, and even wound chronicity with several human health complications. The aim of the current study was to explore the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentialities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) extracted oil from seeds by cold pressing which would be beneficial in the management of skin wounds. Antioxidant capacity of the oil was evaluated (scavenging ability against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)). Total phenolic, total flavonoid, total carotenoid, and total chlorophyll contents were determined. Antimicrobial activities of safflower oil were tested against 10 skin pathogenic microorganisms: 4 bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae), 3 yeast species strains (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida sake), and 3 fungi species (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, and Fusarium oxysporum). A notable antioxidant capacity was demonstrated for the tested oil that exhibited moreover high antibacterial effects by both bacteriostatic and bactericidal pathways including lysozyme activity. An antifungal effect was further observed on the spore's germination. Safflower oil could be considered as a good natural alternative remedy in the management of skin wounds and their possible microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Khémiri
- Unité de Physiologie des Systèmes de Régulations et des Adaptations, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Badiaa Essghaier
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, Pathologies et Biomarqueurs, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najla Sadfi-Zouaoui
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, Pathologies et Biomarqueurs, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Bitri
- Unité de Physiologie des Systèmes de Régulations et des Adaptations, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Kokkinomagoulos E, Nikolaou A, Kourkoutas Y, Kandylis P. Evaluation of Yeast Strains for Pomegranate Alcoholic Beverage Production: Effect on Physicochemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity, and Aroma Compounds. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101583. [PMID: 33066576 PMCID: PMC7602208 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, three commercial yeasts (for wine, beer, and cider) were evaluated for the production of pomegranate alcoholic beverage (PAB) from a juice of Wonderful variety. The physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and aromatic profiles of PABs were investigated before and after fermentation, while the effect of yeast strain and fermentation temperature (15 and 25 °C) was also evaluated. The PABs contained ethanol in the ranges of 5.6–7.0% v/v, in combination with glycerol (2.65–6.05 g L−1), and low volatile acidity. Total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, free radical-scavenging activity, and total monomeric anthocyanin content appeared to decrease after fermentation, possibly due to hydrolysis, oxidation, and other reactions. In general, PABs retained 81–91% of free radical-scavenging activity, 29–41% of phenolics, 24–55% of flavonoids, and 66–75% of anthocyanins. The use of different yeast affected mainly flavonoids and anthocyanins, and yeast strain M02 resulted in the highest values after fermentation. In PABs, 30 different volatile compounds were identified, specifically 15 esters, 4 organic acids, 8 alcohols, and 3 terpenes. The principal component analysis showed that the fermentation temperature affected significantly volatile composition, whereas, among the yeasts, WB06 is the one that seems to differentiate. The findings of this study show that the selection of the appropriate yeast and fermentation temperature is very crucial and affects the characteristics of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Kokkinomagoulos
- Laboratory of Oenology and Alcoholic Beverages, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 235, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anastasios Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Panagiotis Kandylis
- Laboratory of Oenology and Alcoholic Beverages, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 235, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +30-2310-991-678
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Variability in Phytochemical Contents and Biological Potential of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel Extracts: Toward a New Opportunity for Minced Beef Meat Preservation. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8853196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction of Tunisian pomegranate peels was employed with different solvents such as ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and water. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial capacity against five foodborne pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. The highest values of polyphenols (351 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), flavonoids (104 mg quercetin/g), and DPPH and ABTS inhibition were recorded in the ethyl acetate extract followed by the aqueous extract. The latter present the maximum antibacterial potential against S. enterica, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. The potential use of the lyophilized aqueous extract (AE), used for safety reason and being rich in phenolic, as biopreservative in minced beef meat was described. AE was incorporated at 0.1, 0.5, and 1% and compared with 0.1% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). During 21 days at 4°C, AE at 1% could appreciably retard the microflora proliferation (p<0.05), the accumulation of MetMb and the carbonyl group (p<0.05), slowing down the loss of sulphydryl proteins (p<0.05), and led to a decrease (p<0.05) in primary (peroxide value and conjugated dienes) and secondary lipid oxidation (TBARS) in treated meat. By the 14th day, AE-treated minced meat obtained higher sensory scores than untreated and BHT samples. Based on these results, lipid and protein oxidation changes and sensorial attributes were useful in discriminating meat samples by overall acceptability prediction. Generally, AE at 1% presented the potent preservative effect that could be utilized as an application on meat-substituting synthetic antioxidant.
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Pirzadeh M, Caporaso N, Rauf A, Shariati MA, Yessimbekov Z, Khan MU, Imran M, Mubarak MS. Pomegranate as a source of bioactive constituents: a review on their characterization, properties and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:982-999. [PMID: 32314615 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1749825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing awareness about the use of compounds obtained from natural sources exerting health-beneficial properties, including antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, led to increased number of research papers focusing on the study of functional properties of target compounds to be used as functional foods or in preventive medicine. Pomegranate has shown positive health properties due to the presence of bioactive constituents such as polyphenols, tannins, and anthocyanins. Punicalagin is the major antioxidant, abundantly found in pomegranate's peel. Research has shown that pomegranate polyphenols not only have a strong antioxidant capacity but they also inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria like V. cholera, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, and S. virulence factor, and inhibits fungi such as A. Ochraceus, and P. citrinum. Compounds of natural origin inhibit the growth of various pathogens by extending the shelf life of foodstuffs and assuring their safety. Therefore, the need to find compounds to be used in combination with antibiotics or as new antimicrobial sources, such as plant extracts. On the basis of the above discussion, this review focuses on the health benefits of pomegranate, by summarizing the current body of research focusing on pomegranate bioactive constituents and their therapeutic potential against some pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pirzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sarvestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarvestan, Iran
| | - Nicola Caporaso
- Department of Food Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State, University Named After I.S. Turgenev, Orel, Russia.,Department of Technology of Food Products, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry (Semey Branch), Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanibek Yessimbekov
- Food Engineering Department, Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA.,Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mohafrash SMM, Mossa ATH. Herbal syrup from chicory and artichoke leaves ameliorate liver damage induced by deltamethrin in weanling male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7672-7682. [PMID: 31889279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are extensively used for control insects in both public health and agriculture sectors. Despite the important role of these insecticides, it caused adverse toxic effects on human, especially at the weanling stage. In this work, the antioxidant activity of chicory and artichoke leaves extracts, and phenolic flavonoid contents were studied. In addition, herbal syrup formulation and hepatoprotective effect against oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and liver damage induced by deltamethrin in weanling male rats were investigated. Both extracts have high phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity. Deltamethrin reduced body and liver weights of weanling rats. It induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and altered liver function enzymes. It caused a histopathological alteration in liver tissue. Supplementation of herbal syrup improved the above changes via increase body weights, antioxidant enzymes, and decrease lipid peroxidation, and enhanced histopathological profile. It can be concluded that herbal syrup of chicory and artichoke leaves extracts can ameliorate liver damage induced by deltamethrin. Herbal syrup from agriculture wastes of chicory and artichoke leaves is considered an easy, economical, and useful formulation for protecting agriculture workers against the adverse effects induced by pyrethroid insecticides especially in poor rural in developing countries where pyrethroid insecticides are applied for control vector-borne diseases and insects in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Mostafa Mohamed Mohafrash
- Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth Street (former El Tahrir St., P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Tawab Halim Mossa
- Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth Street (former El Tahrir St., P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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11
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Di Ottavio F, Gauglitz JM, Ernst M, Panitchpakdi MW, Fanti F, Compagnone D, Dorrestein PC, Sergi M. A UHPLC-HRMS based metabolomics and chemoinformatics approach to chemically distinguish 'super foods' from a variety of plant-based foods. Food Chem 2019; 313:126071. [PMID: 31927204 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if the declared benefits associated with superfoods are related to a specific molecular composition. For this purpose, untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking were used to obtain an overview of all features, focusing on compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or antimicrobial properties. 565 plant-based food samples were analyzed using UHPLC-HRMS and advanced data analysis tools. The molecular networking of the whole dataset allowed identification of a greater diversity of molecules, in particular, prenol lipids, isoflavonoids and isoquinolines in superfoods, when compared with non-superfood species belonging to the same botanical family. Furthermore, in silico tools were used to expand our chemical knowledge of compounds observed in superfood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Ottavio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Julia M Gauglitz
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - Madeleine Ernst
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Center for Newborn Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Morgan W Panitchpakdi
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Federico Fanti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy.
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy.
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy.
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12
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Effectiveness of Opuntia ficus indica L. inermis Seed Oil in the Protection and the Healing of Experimentally Induced Gastric Mucosa Ulcer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1568720. [PMID: 31827668 PMCID: PMC6881774 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1568720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a painful lesion of the gastric mucosa which can be disabling, or even more very serious in the case of a perforation of the stomach and internal hemorrhage. Traditional pharmacopeias have shown the efficacy of various plant extracts in the treatment of this pathology. Some extracts from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) have been proven to have medicinal therapeutic benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive and curative effects of OFI seed oil extracted by cold pressing on an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Gastroprotective activities of the oil were assessed as pretreatments prior to ethanol gavage of Wistar rats compared to reference drugs. Two oil dose effects were tested. Ulcer and gastric parameters were measured (ulcerated areas (mm2), % of ulcer inhibition, gastric juice volume and pH, and mucus weight). Macroscopical and microscopical assessments of the stomachs as well as gastric biopsy histological studies were carried out. OFI oil exhibited a high efficiency in the protection of the cytoarchitecture and function of the gastric mucosa against the severe damages provoked by ethanol intake. Ulcerated areas were very significantly reduced and the % of ulcer inhibition was the highest under OFI oil pretreatment. Mucus production was stimulated, gastric juice volume was reduced, and its pH was increased. Histopathological examination of H&E-stained biopsies collected from gastric mucosae from the different experimental groups confirmed the gastroprotective efficacy of OFI oil against ethanol-induced symptoms such as inflammation and damages like bleeding, erosions, lesions, necrosis, and ulcers. Furthermore, OFI oil treatment speeded-up the reduction of the surface of ethanol-induced ulcerated areas in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a time gain in the healing process. The healing rate reached 91% on day 2 and 99% on day 3, and a complete heal was attained at the fourth day under OFI oil treatment, while ulcer areas were still partially unhealed in all the other groups. The therapeutic effects of OFI oil against gastric ulcer could be mediated by its varied bioactive compounds that we have demonstrated in the analytical study. They could act synergistically or in a delayed manner to optimize the healing process through protective antioxidant properties, as well as an antagonism against histamine H2-receptors, a stimulation of the signaling pathways necessary for mucus and bicarbonate production, and reduction of inflammatory processes in the gastric mucosa. Additionally, OFI oil fatty acids (especially unsaturated) and triacylglycerols contribute to the reconstruction and the repair of the cell membrane lipid bilayer during the gastric ulcer healing process.
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Oksuz T, Tacer-Caba Z, Nilufer-Erdil D, Boyacioglu D. Changes in bioavailability of sour cherry ( Prunus cerasus L.) phenolics and anthocyanins when consumed with dairy food matrices. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:4177-4188. [PMID: 31477989 PMCID: PMC6706502 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to understand the changes in sour cherry phytochemicals when their co-digestions are simulated in dairy model systems comprising skim milk, non-fat-yoghurt, probiotic yoghurt or cream. These co-digestions were analyzed for their total phenolic and anthocyanin contents, total antioxidant activity (TAA) in addition to phenolic and anthocyanin profiles, individually. Sour cherry phenolics were stable during gastric conditions (120%); 54% lost in pancreatic digestion and being available (59%) in serum available fraction (IN). Anthocyanins were lost both in gastric (30%) and pancreatic digestions (16%), being only little available (0.6%) in IN. Soymilk had inhibitory effects on TAA. Dairy food matrix components evaluated were found to have distinct effects on the measured bioavailability of individual sour cherry phenolics. This study might aid both consumers and industry on selecting the food matrices to aiding increase in bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Oksuz
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tacer-Caba
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dilara Nilufer-Erdil
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Boyacioglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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Akhtar S, Ismail T, Layla A. Pomegranate Bioactive Molecules and Health Benefits. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Rios-Corripio G, Guerrero-Beltrán JÁ. Antioxidant and physicochemical characteristics of unfermented and fermented pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) beverages. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 56:132-139. [PMID: 30728554 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, antioxidant (antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins), and sensory characteristics of fresh (FRJ) and fermented (FEB) pomegranate beverages. Three fermentation conditions were tested based on the total soluble solids (TSS: °Bx) content in pomegranate juice: (a) natural TSS (13.9 °Bx) in fresh juice (FEB1), (b) adjusted to 17.5 °Bx (FEB2) and (c) adjusted to 25 °Bx (FEB3). The antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins after fermentation in FEB3 were 262.61 ± 0.12 mg Trolox, 188.60 ± 0.20 mg Gallic acid, 64.35 ± 0.09 mg quercetin and 1.92 ± 0.15 cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3OG)/100 mL, respectively. The final amounts of ethanol in FEB1, FEB2, and FEB3 were 6.82 ± 0.01, 9.73 ± 0.01, and 12.88 ± 0.01% (v/v), similar to that in wines. In general, the sensory characteristics of both FRJ and FEB beverages were well sensory accepted by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rios-Corripio
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Alimentos, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir, 72810 San Andrés Cholula, Puebla Mexico
| | - José Ángel Guerrero-Beltrán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Alimentos, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir, 72810 San Andrés Cholula, Puebla Mexico
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Valdenegro M, Huidobro C, Monsalve L, Bernales M, Fuentes L, Simpson R. Effects of ethrel, 1-MCP and modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of 'Wonderful' pomegranates during cold storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4854-4865. [PMID: 29573436 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a non-climacteric fruit susceptible to chilling injury (CI) at temperatures below 5 °C. To understand the influences of ethylene and modified atmosphere on CI physiological disorders of pomegranate, exogenous ethrel (0.5, 1 and 1.5 µg L-1 ) treatments, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (1 µL L-1 ) exposure, packaging in a modified atmosphere (MAP) (XTend™ bags; StePac, São Paulo, Brazil), a MAP/1-MCP combination, and packaging in macro-perforated bags (MPB) were applied. The treated fruits were cold stored (2 ± 1 °C; 85% relative humidity) and sampled during 120 + 3 days at 20 °C. RESULTS During cold storage, CI symptoms started at 20 days in MPB and at 60 days for all exogenous ethylene treatments, and were delayed to 120 days in MAP, 1-MCP and MAP/1-MCP treatments. MPB and ethylene treatments induced significant electrolyte leakage, oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, ethylene and CO2 production, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity, without any change in total soluble solids, titratable acidity or skin and aril colours. Conversely, MAP by itself, or in combination with 1-MCP application, effectively delayed CI symptoms. CONCLUSION During long-term cold storage of this non-climacteric fruit, ethrel application induced endogenous ethylene biosynthesis, accelerating the appearance of CI symptoms in contrast to the observations made for MAP and 1-MCP treatments. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Valdenegro
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4D, Quillota, Chile
| | - Camila Huidobro
- Instituto de Química, Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Liliam Monsalve
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), CONICYT-Regional GORE Valparaíso Project R17A10001. Avenida Universidad 330, Placilla, Curauma. Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Maricarmen Bernales
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4D, Quillota, Chile
| | - Lida Fuentes
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), CONICYT-Regional GORE Valparaíso Project R17A10001. Avenida Universidad 330, Placilla, Curauma. Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ricardo Simpson
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), CONICYT-Regional GORE Valparaíso Project R17A10001. Avenida Universidad 330, Placilla, Curauma. Valparaíso, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
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Urbaniak A, Basta P, Ast K, Wołoszyn A, Kuriańska-Wołoszyn J, Latour E, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. The impact of supplementation with pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) juice on selected antioxidant parameters and markers of iron metabolism in rowers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:35. [PMID: 30041701 PMCID: PMC6057087 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of pomegranate juice (POM) supplementation on the levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines, hepcidin and markers of iron metabolism in well-trained rowers. Method The double-blind placebo-controlled study included 19 members of the Polish Rowing Team. The athletes were randomised into the supplemented group (n = 10), receiving 50 ml of standardised POM daily for two months, or the placebo group (n = 9). The subjects performed a 2000 m test on the rowing ergometer at the start of the project (baseline) and end of follow-up period. Blood samples from the antecubital vein were obtained three times during each trial: prior to the exercise, one minute after the test, and following a 24 h recovery. Results The study documented the beneficial effect of supplementation with pomegranate fruit juice on TAC (P < 0.002). During the resting period, TAC level in the supplemented group was significantly higher than in the placebo group (x ± SD, 2.49 ± 0.39 vs. 1.88 ± 0.45, P < 0.05). The ergometric test conducted at baseline demonstrated a significant post-exercise increase in the concentrations of soluble transferrin receptors (P < 0.04), iron (P < 0.002) and IL-6 (P < 0.02), and to a significant post-exercise decrease in TAC. A significant increase in IL-6 concentration was also observed 24 h post-exercise. The exercise test conducted at the end of the follow-up period resulted in a significant decrease in TBIC and a significant increase in UIBC (P < 0.001), observed in both groups, both immediately post-exercise and after the resting period. Conclusion Supplementation with POM contributed to a significant strengthening of plasma antioxidant potential in the group of well-trained rowers, but had no effect on iron metabolism markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Urbaniak
- Department of Morphological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp. Poland, 13 Estkowskiego Str., 66 - 400, Gorzów Wlkp, Poland
| | - P Basta
- Department of Water Sports, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp. Poland, 13 Estkowskiego Str., 66 - 400, Gorzów Wlkp, Poland
| | - K Ast
- Department of Morphological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp. Poland, 13 Estkowskiego Str., 66 - 400, Gorzów Wlkp, Poland
| | - A Wołoszyn
- Jacob of Paradies University in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Teatralna Str. 25, Gorzów Wielkopolski, 66-400, Poland
| | - J Kuriańska-Wołoszyn
- Jacob of Paradies University in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Teatralna Str. 25, Gorzów Wielkopolski, 66-400, Poland
| | - Ewa Latour
- Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp, 13 Estkowskiego Str., 66 - 400, Gorzów Wlkp, Poland
| | - A Skarpańska-Stejnborn
- Department of Morphological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp. Poland, 13 Estkowskiego Str., 66 - 400, Gorzów Wlkp, Poland.
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Filla MC, Garcia S, Prudencio SH. Mixed Beverage of Fruits and Vegetables: Effect of Refrigerated Storage on Antioxidant Capacity and Acceptance. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2017.1390519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena C. Filla
- Food Science and Technology Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Garcia
- Food Science and Technology Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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19
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Total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and bioactive ingredients of juices from pomegranate cultivars worldwide. Food Chem 2017; 221:496-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Fanali C, Belluomo MG, Cirilli M, Cristofori V, Zecchini M, Cacciola F, Russo M, Muleo R, Dugo L. Antioxidant activity evaluation and HPLC-photodiode array/MS polyphenols analysis of pomegranate juice from selected italian cultivars: A comparative study. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1947-55. [PMID: 26814700 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical composition of pomegranate juice can vary due to cultivar, area of cultivation, ripening, climate, and other variables. This study investigates the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of juices obtained from six old Italian pomegranate cultivars. Fruit accessions physicochemical characteristics were determined. Total polyphenols content (TPC), anthocyanin content (TAC) and proanthocyanidin content (TPAC) were measured in the juice samples. Phenolic bioactive molecules were analyzed by HPLC-photodiode array (PDA)/ESI-MS in all the pomegranate juices. In total, seven nonanthocyanidinic and six anthocyanidinic compounds were identified. The six anthocyanins were found in all juices although at different amounts. These results were correlated with antioxidant activity measured by three different chemical assays: 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•) ) scavenging activity assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) method and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Pomegranate juices obtained by six different varieties show variable polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant capacity methods used have shown variable sensitivity, supporting the hypothesis that different methods for the assessment of antioxidant capacity of food compounds are indeed necessary, due to complexity of sample composition and assay chemical mechanism and sensitivity. Juices from Italian pomegranate show good levels of polyphenols content and antioxidant activity making them potential candidates for employment in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fanali
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Belluomo
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cirilli
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valerio Cristofori
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zecchini
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of "Scienze biomediche, odontoiatriche e delle immagini morfologiche e funzionali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marina Russo
- Chromaleont s.r.l, c/o University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosario Muleo
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Laura Dugo
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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21
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Ismail T, Akhtar S, Sestili P, Riaz M, Ismail A, Labbe RG. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Phenolics-Rich Pomegranate Peel Hydro-Alcoholic Extracts. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” Via I Maggetti, 61029; Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Amir Ismail
- Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Ronald G. Labbe
- Department of Food Science; University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Chenoweth Laboratory; 102 Holdsworth Way Amherst, MA 01003
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22
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Hasan S, Suhail N, Bilal N, Ashraf GM, Zaidi SK, AlNohair S, Banu N. Chronic unpredictable stress deteriorates the chemopreventive efficacy of pomegranate through oxidative stress pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5999-6006. [PMID: 26596837 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) can influence the risk and progression of cancer through increased oxidative stress. Pomegranate is known to protect carcinogenesis through its anti-oxidative properties. This study is carried out to examine whether CUS affects the chemopreventive potential of pomegranate through oxidative stress pathway. Role of CUS on early stages of 7, 12 dimethyl benz(a) anthracene (DMBA) induced carcinogenesis, and its pre-exposure effect on chemopreventive efficacy of pomegranate juice (PJ) was examined in terms of in vivo antioxidant and biochemical parameters in Swiss albino rats. Rats were divided in various groups and were subjected to CUS paradigm, DMBA administration (65 mg/kg body weight, single dose), and PJ treatment. Exposure to stress (alone) and DMBA (alone) led to increased oxidative stress by significantly decreasing the antioxidant enzymes activities and altering the glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels. A significant increase in DNA damage demonstrated by comet assay was seen in the liver cells. Stress exposure to DMBA-treated rats further increased the oxidative stress and disturbed the biochemical parameters as compared to DMBA (alone)-treated rats. Chemoprevention with PJ in DMBA (alone)-treated rats restored the altered parameters. However, in the pre-stress DMBA-treated rats, the overall antioxidant potential of PJ was significantly diminished. Our results indicate that chronic stress not only increases the severity of carcinogenesis but also diminishes the anti-oxidative efficacy of PJ. In a broader perspective, special emphasis should be given to stress management and healthy diet during cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Nida Suhail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayeem Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan AlNohair
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheed Banu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, P.O. Box 2100, Buraydah, 51451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Surek E, Nilufer-Erdil D. Phenolic contents, antioxidant activities and potential bioaccessibilities of industrial pomegranate nectar processing wastes. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Surek
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering; Istanbul Technical University; 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Izmir Institute of Technology; 35430 Gulbahce Urla Izmir Turkey
| | - Dilara Nilufer-Erdil
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering; Istanbul Technical University; 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
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24
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Bioactive components of pomegranate fruit and their transformation by fermentation processes. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Ghazouani N, Abderrabba M, Bouajila J. Teucrium ramosissimum (Lamiaceae): Volatile Composition, Seasonal Variation, and Pharmaceutical Activity. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1082134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Pareek S, Valero D, Serrano M. Postharvest biology and technology of pomegranate. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2360-79. [PMID: 25565362 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate is a subtropical and tropical fruit of great importance from a health point of view. Despite increasing consumer awareness of the health benefits of pomegranate, consumption of the fruit is still limited owing to poor postharvest handling, storage recommendations, short shelf life and quality deterioration during transportation, storage and marketing. The occurrence of physiological disorders such as husk scald, splitting and chilling injury is another challenge reducing marketability and consumer acceptance. Recently, notable work on postharvest biology and technology has been done. Pomegranate is highly sensitive to low-oxygen (<5 kPa) atmospheres, chilling injury and decay. One of the major problems associated with pomegranate fruit is excessive weight loss, which may result in hardening of the husk and browning of the rind and arils. To reduce chilling injury incidence and to extend storability and marketing of pomegranates, good results were obtained with polyamine, heat, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate or methyl salicylate treatments prior to cold storage. This article reviews the maturity indices, changes during maturation and ripening, postharvest physiology and technology of pomegranate fruit as well as the various postharvest treatments for maintaining fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Pareek
- Department of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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Mossa ATH, Heikal TM, Belaiba M, Raoelison EG, Ferhout H, Bouajila J. Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Cedrelopsis grevei on cypermethrin induced oxidative stress and liver damage in male mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2015. [PMID: 26209317 PMCID: PMC4513628 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The liver is the most sensitive and main target organ of pesticide toxicity and damage, they play an essential role in metabolism and detoxification of pesticides. Due to these functions, hepatotoxicity continues to be among the main threats to public health, and they remain problems throughout the world. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Cedrelopsis grevei leaves against cypermethrin (Cyp) induced oxidative stress and liver damage in male mice. Methods The extracts were subjected to different analyses (phenolics, tannin, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and reducing power assays). For hepatoprotective evaluation, male mice were daily exposed to Cyp and/or C. grevei by gavages for 28 days. Hepatoprotective effects were demonstrated by significant alterations in serum liver dysfunction biomarker enzymes, liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes. Results The antioxidant activity of C. grevei methanolic extract was the highest with an IC50 < 225 μg/ml by DPPH assay. The high dose of methanolic extract (300 mg/kg. b.wt.) was effective to attenuate the perturbations in the tested enzymes. Histopathological examination in the liver tissue of those mice, demonstrated that a co-administration of methanolic extract (150 & 300 mg/kg/day) showed marked improvement in its histological structure in comparison to Cyp-treated group alone and represented by nil to moderate degree in inflammatory cells. Conclusions In view of the data of the present study, it can deduce that cypermethrin caused oxidative damage and liver dysfunction in male mice. C. grevei extract has protective effects on cypermethrin-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and liver damage. Results indicated that administration of C. grevei is useful, easy, and economical to protect humans against pesticide toxicity. The results presented here can be considered as the first information on the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of C. grevei extracts. In a future study, we will identify and investigate the components responsible for the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of C. grevei.
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Souli A, Sebai H, Rtibi K, Chehimi L, Sakly M, Amri M, El-Benna J, Marzouki L. Inhibitory Effects of Two Varieties of Tunisian Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Extracts on Gastrointestinal Transit in Rat. J Med Food 2015; 18:1007-12. [PMID: 25775227 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine whether total and methanol juice extracts of two Tunisian Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) varieties (Garsi and Gabsi) protect against diarrhea as well as their effects on gastrointestinal transit (GIT) in healthy rats. In this respect, male Wistar rats were used and divided into control- and pomegranate-treated groups. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using the castor oil-induced diarrhea method and the GIT was assessed using charcoal meal. Our results showed that total and methanol P. granatum juice extracts produced a significant dose-dependent protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea. Pomegranate extracts and juice also decreased the GIT significantly and dose dependently. Importantly, the Garsi variety appeared to be more effective than the Gabsi variety on these two parameters. These findings suggest that pomegranate extracts have a potent antidiarrheal property in rats confirming their efficiency in the Tunisian traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Souli
- 1 Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Physiology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja , Beja, Tunisia .,2 Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Functional Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- 1 Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Physiology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja , Beja, Tunisia .,3 Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte , Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- 1 Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Physiology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja , Beja, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Chehimi
- 3 Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte , Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- 3 Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte , Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- 2 Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Functional Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- 4 INSERM U1149 Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine X . Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- 2 Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Functional Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis , Tunis, Tunisia
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Naiki-Ito A, Chewonarin T, Tang M, Pitchakarn P, Kuno T, Ogawa K, Asamoto M, Shirai T, Takahashi S. Ellagic acid, a component of pomegranate fruit juice, suppresses androgen-dependent prostate carcinogenesis via induction of apoptosis. Prostate 2015; 75:151-60. [PMID: 25284475 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ellagic acid (EA), a component of pomegranate fruit juice (PFJ), is a plant-derived polyphenol and has antioxidant properties. PFJ and EA have been reported to suppress various cancers, including prostate cancer. However, their chemopreventive effects on development and progression of prostate cancer using in vivo models have not been established yet. METHODS The transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) model was used to investigate the modulating effects of PFJ and EA on prostate carcinogenesis. Three-week-old male transgenic rats were treated with EA or PFJ for 10 weeks. In vitro assays for cell growth, apoptosis, and Western blot were performed using the human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP (androgen-dependent), PC-3 and DU145 (androgen-independent). RESULTS PFJ decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in lateral prostate, and both EA and PFJ suppressed the progression of prostate carcinogenesis and induced apoptosis by caspase 3 activation in the TRAP model. In addition, the level of lipid peroxidation in ventral prostate was significantly decreased by EA treatment. EA was able to inhibit cell proliferation of LNCaP, whereas this effect was not observed in PC-3 and DU145. As with the in vivo data, EA induced apoptosis in LNCaP by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 activation. Cell-cycle related proteins, p21(WAF) , p27(Kip) , cdk2, and cyclin E, were increased while cyclin D1 and cdk1 were decreased by EA treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that PFJ and EA are potential chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer, and EA may be the active component of PFJ that exerts these anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Lantzouraki DZ, Sinanoglou VJ, Zoumpoulakis PG, Glamočlija J, Ćirić A, Soković M, Heropoulos G, Proestos C. Antiradical–antimicrobial activity and phenolic profile of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juices from different cultivars: a comparative study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11795f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate juices from the fruits of the two relatively new Greek cultivars “Persephone” and “Porphiroyeneti” were studied compared to the “Wonderful” cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Z. Lantzouraki
- Food Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Vassilia J. Sinanoglou
- Instrumental Food Analysis Laboratory
- Department of Food Technology
- Technological Educational Institution of Athens
- Egaleo
- Greece
| | - Panagiotis G. Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Biology
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology
- National Hellenic Research Foundation
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Jasmina Glamočlija
- University of Belgrade
- Department of Plant Physiology
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Ana Ćirić
- University of Belgrade
- Department of Plant Physiology
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- University of Belgrade
- Department of Plant Physiology
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - George Heropoulos
- Institute of Biology
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology
- National Hellenic Research Foundation
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Food Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
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31
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Fakhri E, Petróczi A, Naughton DP. Assessing the efficacies of phenolic compounds in pomegranate juice using thin-layer chromatography. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sengul H, Surek E, Nilufer-Erdil D. Investigating the effects of food matrix and food components on bioaccessibility of pomegranate (Punica granatum) phenolics and anthocyanins using an in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Wang L, Li W, Lin M, Garcia M, Mulholland D, Lilly M, Martins-Green M. Luteolin, ellagic acid and punicic acid are natural products that inhibit prostate cancer metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2321-30. [PMID: 25023990 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second cause of cancer deaths in men in the USA. When the cancer recurs, early stages can be controlled with hormone ablation therapy to delay the rate of cancer progression but, over time, the cancer overcomes its hormone dependence, becomes highly aggressive and metastasizes. Clinical trials have shown that pomegranate juice (PJ) inhibits PCa progression. We have previously shown that the PJ components luteolin (L), ellagic acid (E) and punicic acid (P) together inhibit growth of hormone-dependent and -independent PCa cells and inhibit their migration and chemotaxis towards CXCL12, a chemokine that is important in PCa metastasis. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that L+E+P inhibit PCa metastasis in vivo. To test this possibility, we used a severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model in which luciferase-expressing human PCa cells were injected subcutaneously near the prostate. Tumor progression was monitored with bioluminescence imaging weekly. We found that L+E+P inhibits PC-3M-luc primary tumor growth, inhibits the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis for metastasis and none of the tumors metastasized. In addition, L+E+P significantly inhibits growth and metastasis of highly invasive Pten (-/-) ;K-ras (G12D) prostate tumors. Furthermore, L+E+P inhibits angiogenesis in vivo, prevents human endothelial cell (EC) tube formation in culture and disrupts preformed EC tubes, indicating inhibition of EC adhesion to each other. L+E+P also inhibits the angiogenic factors interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor as well as their induced signaling pathways in ECs. In conclusion, these results show that L+E+P inhibits PCa progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Cell biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Wenfang Li
- Department of Cell biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Muqing Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Monika Garcia
- Department of Cell biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - David Mulholland
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and
| | - Michael Lilly
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Cell biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Cerdán-Calero M, Sendra JM, Sentandreu E. Determination of the antiradical activity and kinetics of pomegranate juice using 2,2-diphenylpicyrl-1-hydrazyl as the antiradical probe. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2014; 21:277-83. [PMID: 24837593 DOI: 10.1177/1082013214533687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Whole fruit pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice of the 'Wonderful' cultivar was characterized through the elucidation of its antiradical kinetics and activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as the antiradical probe. Time-dependent concentration of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl during its reduction by the juice has been adjusted through a non-linear parametric fitting. Determined total antiradical activity was high, able to reduce 84.58 µmol/l of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl per concentration unit of juice (µl/ml), equivalent to a concentration of 42.29 mmol/l of ascorbic acid (or Trolox). Partial antiradical activities due to the fast-, medium- and slow-kinetics were 49.09, 18.16 and 17.33 µmol/l of reduced 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl per concentration unit of juice (µl/ml), respectively. The corresponding rate constant for the fast-, medium- and slow-kinetics were κ 1 = 6.03, κ 2 = 0.169 and κ 3 = 0.0094 (μl l)/(ml µmol min), respectively. This methodology allows characterization of samples through the accurate determination of the kinetics of their antiradical features, avoiding the use of empirical approximations that hinder the realistic comparison between extracts independently of their origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Sendra
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique Sentandreu
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Spain
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Morales-Soto A, García-Salas P, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Jiménez-Sánchez C, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Antioxidant capacity of 44 cultivars of fruits and vegetables grown in Andalusia (Spain). Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Aksenov V, Boreham D, Rollo CD. Impact of a complex nutraceutical supplement on primary tumour formation and metastasis in Trp53+/- cancer-prone mice. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:177-87. [PMID: 24531571 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex dietary supplement designed to impact multiple mechanisms associated with aging and cancer reduced overall tumorigenesis in cancer-prone heterozygous Trp53+/- mice by ~30% (P < 0.018). Carcinomas were reduced by 67% (P < 0.006). Remarkably, metastasis (a leading cause of cancer mortality) was undetectable in treated animals (P < 0.004), and the occurrence of multiple primary tumours was reduced by 74% (P < 0.012). Reduction of pulmonary adenocarcinoma by 62% (P < 0.021) was of particular note given that lung cancer is the second leading cause of death in humans. Tumours showed pronounced age-related expression in untreated animals older than 600 days. Benefits of treatment only emerged in these later ages, suggesting that the supplement acted on mechanisms common to aging and cancer. The supplement was administered daily on bagel bits that were usually eaten within minutes by the mice. Although longevity was not statistically different between treatments, longevity was strongly related to the compliance of mice in eating the supplement. Linear regression revealed a strong positive relationship between the proportion of supplement eaten and the longevity of mice within the treatment group (P < 0.0001).
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37
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Surek E, Nilufer-Erdil D. Changes in phenolics and antioxidant activity at each step of processing from pomegranate into nectar. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:194-202. [PMID: 24517861 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.854745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Effect of all processing steps on polyphenols and antioxidant activity was investigated during an industrial scale pasteurized pomegranate nectar production, from which sampling was done at 12 steps of the process. Total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), anthocyanin (TAC), tannin contents (TTC), antioxidant activity (TAA) (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays), phenolic and anthocyanin profiles were analyzed in those samples. TPC, TFC, TTC and TAA were highest in whole pomegranate. For all analyses, peeling and processing into nectar resulted in significant losses, except for TAC data obtained for peeling. Losses at mashing (for TFC 24%), pressing (for TAC 13%, TTC 48%, TAA 21-63%), pasteurization (for TFC 76%, TAA 42-77%) and ultrafiltration (for TPC 18%, TFC 28%, AA 17-19%) were also significant. Pomegranate nectar, when compared with fresh edible fruit, retained 19% of TPC and 14% of TAC at the end of processing, however, as initial values were very high for pomegranate, pasteurized nectar is still a promising source of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Surek
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering , Istanbul , Turkey
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39
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Protective Effect of Punica granatum L. against Serum/Glucose Deprivation-Induced PC12 Cells Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:716730. [PMID: 23935674 PMCID: PMC3723082 DOI: 10.1155/2013/716730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and development of natural products with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties have been one of the most interesting and promising approaches in the search for the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases including ischemic stroke. Serum/glucose deprivation (SGD) has served as an excellent in vitro model for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neuronal damage during ischemia and for the development of neuroprotective drugs against ischemia-induced brain injury. Recent studies suggested that pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) or its active constituents exert pharmacological actions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, in this study we investigated the possible protective effects of different extracts of pomegranate against SGD-induced PC12 cells injury. Initially, the cells were pretreated with different concentrations of pulp hydroalcoholic extract (PHE), pulp aqueous extract (PAE) and pomegranate juice (PJ) for 2 h and then deprived of serum/glucose (SGD) for 6 and 12 h. SGD caused a significant reduction in cell viability (measured by the MTT assay) after 6 and 12 h, as compared with control cells (P < 0.001). Pretreatment with PHE, PAE, and PJ significantly and concentration-dependently increased cell viability following SGD insult for 6 and 12 h. A significant increase in DNA damage (measured by the comet assay) was seen in nuclei of cells following SGD for 12 h (P < 0.001). In control groups, no significant difference was seen in DNA damage between PHE, PAE, and PJ-pretreated and vehicle-pretreated PC12 cells (P > 0.05). PHE, PAE, and PJ pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in DNA damage following ischemic insult (P < 0.001). This suppression of DNA damage by PHE, PAE and PJ was found to be concentration dependent. These data indicate that there is a cytoprotective property in PHE, PAE, and PJ under SGD condition in PC12 cells, suggesting that pomegranate has the potential to be used as a new therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Gómez-Caravaca AM, Verardo V, Toselli M, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Caboni MF. Determination of the major phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices by HPLC−DAD−ESI-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5328-37. [PMID: 23656584 DOI: 10.1021/jf400684n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has been consumed as fresh fruit or as pomegranate juice. In this study, the main phenolic compounds of 12 pomegranate varieties and 5 pomegranate clones were determined by HPLC−DAD−ESI-MS. Two chromatographic methods with a fused-core C18 column and a classical HPLC system were developed. Thirteen anthocyanins and fourteen other phenolic compounds were determined in the pomegranate juices. As far as we are concerned, a new flavonol-glycoside, phellatin or its isomer amurensin, has been tentatively identified for the first time in pomegranate juices. Total phenolic content ranged from 580.8 to 2551.3 mg/L of pomegranate juice. Anthocyanins varied between 20 to 82% of total phenolic content. Flavonoids were 1.6-23.6% of total phenolic compounds, while phenolic acids and ellagitannins were in the range 16.4-65.8%. The five clones reported a phenolic content comparable with that of the other pomegranate samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, c/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Punica granatum. EDIBLE MEDICINAL AND NON-MEDICINAL PLANTS 2013. [PMCID: PMC7122081 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5653-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Pomegranate is an ancient fruit that is still part of the diet in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, and India. Health-promoting effects have long been attributed to this fruit. Modern research corroborates the use of pomegranate as a folk remedy for diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and is responsible for a new evaluation of nutritional and pharmaceutical aspects of pomegranate in the general public. In the last decade, industry and agricultural production have been adapted to meet higher market demands for pomegranate. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that pomegranate exerts hypoglycaemic effects, including increased insulin sensitivity, inhibition of α-glucosidase, and impact on glucose transporter type 4 function, but is also responsible for a reduction of total cholesterol, and the improvement of blood lipid profiles, as well as anti-inflammatory effects through the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways. These effects may also explain how pomegranate-derived compounds function in the amelioration of adverse health effects caused by metabolic syndrome. Pomegranate contains polyphenols such as ellagitannins and anthocyanins, as well as phenolic acids, fatty acids and a variety of volatile compounds. Ellagitannins are some of the most prevalent compounds present in pomegranate, and may be responsible for certain benevolent characteristics associated with pomegranate. A brief overview of rising health problems due to obesity will be provided, followed by characterisation of the biological activity, bioavailability, and safety of pomegranate and pomegranate-derived compounds. Although the fruit is consumed in many countries, epidemiological and clinical studies are unavailable. Additional research is necessary to corroborate the promise of current in vivo and in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Medjakovic
- Department of Biotechnology, Christian-Doppler-Laboratory of Receptor Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Pomegranate juice and specific components inhibit cell and molecular processes critical for metastasis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:647-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Aldose reductase inhibitory activity and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate extracts. Interdiscip Toxicol 2012; 5:15-20. [PMID: 22783144 PMCID: PMC3389504 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-012-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pomegranate, Punica granatum L., has been the subject of current interest as a medicinal agent with wide-ranging therapeutic indications. In the present study, pomegranate ethanolic seed and hull extracts were tested, in comparison with a commercial sample, for the inhibition of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in the etiology of diabetic complications. In vitro inhibition of rat lens aldose reductase was determined by a conventional method. Pomegranate ethanolic hull extract and commercial pomegranate hull extract exhibited similar aldose reductase inhibitory activity characterized by IC(50) values ranging from 3 to 33.3 μg/ml. They were more effective than pomegranate ethanolic seed extract with IC(50) ranging from 33.3 to 333 μg/ml. Antioxidant action of the novel compounds was documented in a DPPH test and in a liposomal membrane model, oxidatively stressed by peroxyl radicals. All the plant extracts showed considerable antioxidant potential in the DPPH assay. Pomegranate ethanolic hull extract and commercial pomegranate hull extract executed similar protective effects on peroxidatively damaged liposomal membranes characterized by 10<IC(50)<100 μg/ml. Pomegranate ethanolic seed extract showed significantly lower antioxidant activity compared to both hull extracts studied. Pomegranate extracts are thus presented as bifunctional agents combining aldose reductase inhibitory action with antioxidant activity and with potential therapeutic use in prevention of diabetic complications.
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Wang L, Ho J, Glackin C, Martins-Green M. Specific pomegranate juice components as potential inhibitors of prostate cancer metastasis. Transl Oncol 2012; 5:344-55. [PMID: 23066443 PMCID: PMC3470115 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate juice (PJ) is a natural product that inhibits prostate cancer progression. A clinical trial on patients with recurrent prostate cancer resulted in none of the patients progressing to a metastatic stage during the period of the trial. We have previously found that, in addition to causing cell death of hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells, PJ also markedly increases adhesion and decreases migration of the cells that do not die. However, because PJ is a very complex mixture of components and is found in many different formulations, it is important to identify specific components that are effective in inhibiting growth and metastasis. Here, we show that the PJ components luteolin, ellagic acid, and punicic acid together inhibit growth of hormone-dependent and hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells and inhibit their migration and their chemotaxis toward stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α), a chemokine that is important in prostate cancer metastasis to the bone. These components also increase the expression of cell adhesion genes and decrease expression of genes involved in cell cycle control and cell migration. Furthermore, they increase several well-known tumor-suppression microRNAs (miRNAs), decrease several oncogenic miRNAs, and inhibit the chemokines receptor type 4 (CXCR4)/SDF1α chemotaxis axis. Our results suggest that these components may be more effective in inhibiting prostate cancer growth and metastasis than simply drinking the juice. Chemical modification of these components could further enhance their bioavailability and efficacy of treatment. Moreover, because the mechanisms of metastasis are similar for most cancers, these PJ components may also be effective in the treatment of metastasis of other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jeffrey Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Carlotta Glackin
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
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Adhami VM, Siddiqui IA, Syed DN, Lall RK, Mukhtar H. Oral infusion of pomegranate fruit extract inhibits prostate carcinogenesis in the TRAMP model. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:644-51. [PMID: 22198212 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We earlier provided evidence that oral consumption of pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) inhibits prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth in nude mice. To ascertain convincing evidence of chemopreventive effects of PFE against PCa, its efficacy requires to be evaluated in animal models that closely emulate human disease. Here, we provide evidence of remarkable tumor growth inhibitory effects of PFE using the TRAMP model. Mice received 0.1 and 0.2% PFE, equivalent to 250 and 500 ml of pomegranate juice, in drinking water, starting at 6 weeks and examined at 12, 20 and 34 weeks of age. In water-fed group, 100% mice developed palpable tumors by 20 weeks compared with only 30 and 20% in the 0.1 and 0.2% PFE-supplemented groups, respectively. At 34 weeks, palpable tumors were observed in 70 of 0.1% and only 50 of 0.2% PFE-supplemented mice. Compared with median survival of 43 weeks in water-fed mice, 0.1 and 0.2% PFE-supplemented mice exhibited median life expectancy of 73 and 92 weeks, respectively. Compared with respective water-fed groups, none of the mice in PFE-supplemented groups exhibited metastases to any of the distant organs at 20 weeks and only 20% mice exhibited metastasis at 34 weeks of age. Many of the PFE-supplemented animals had multiple foci of well-differentiated carcinoma but no evidence of poorly differentiated carcinoma. PFE supplementation resulted in simultaneous and significant inhibition of IGF-I/Akt/mTOR pathways in the prostate tissues and tumors. We suggest that pomegranate juice be evaluated in clinical trials in patients at high risk for developing PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaqar Mustafa Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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