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Carmo PMSD, Uzal FA, Pedroso PMO, Riet-Correa F. Conidiobolomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis in sheep and goats: a review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:826-834. [PMID: 32921278 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720958338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We review herein infections by Conidiobolus spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp. in sheep and goats. Conidiobolus spp. are common causes of rhinitis in sheep and are less frequent in goats, in which Conidiobolus spp. also cause skin lesions. Cryptococcus spp. cause rhinitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia in goats, and are rarely observed in sheep. Aspergillus spp. may cause rhinitis in goats, and pneumonia and mastitis in sheep and goats. Gross and microscopic lesions caused by these 3 fungal infections may be similar to each other. The diagnosis of these diseases must be based on gross and microscopic lesions, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Maria Silva do Carmo
- Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural (CSTR), Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Bairro Santa Cecília, Patos, Brazil
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA
| | - Pedro M O Pedroso
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Nacional de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
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2
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Heller M, Busch R, Koehne A, Keating MK, Mohr C. Unusual severe fungal pneumonia in Vietnamese potbelly pigs: two cases. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Heller
- VMEUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Roselle Busch
- Veterinary Population Health and ReproductionUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amanda Koehne
- Comparative MedicineFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Charles Mohr
- Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Abstract
The pathogenic entomophthoralean fungi cause infection in insects and mammalian hosts. Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus species can be found in soil and insect, reptile, and amphibian droppings in tropical and subtropical areas. The life cycles of these fungi occur in these environments where infecting sticky conidia are developed. The infection is acquired by insect bite or contact with contaminated environments through open skin. Conidiobolus coronatus typically causes chronic rhinofacial disease in immunocompetent hosts, whereas some Conidiobolus species can be found in immunocompromised patients. Basidiobolus ranarum infection is restricted to subcutaneous tissues but may be involved in intestinal and disseminated infections. Its early diagnosis remains challenging due to clinical similarities to other intestinal diseases. Infected tissues characteristically display eosinophilic granulomas with the Splendore-Höeppli phenomenon. However, in immunocompromised patients, the above-mentioned inflammatory reaction is absent. Laboratory diagnosis includes wet mount, culture serological assays, and molecular methodologies. The management of entomophthoralean fungi relies on traditional antifungal therapies, such as potassium iodide (KI), amphotericin B, itraconazole, and ketoconazole, and surgery. These species are intrinsically resistant to some antifungals, prompting physicians to experiment with combinations of therapies. Research is needed to investigate the immunology of entomophthoralean fungi in infected hosts. The absence of an animal model and lack of funding severely limit research on these fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vilela
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonel Mendoza
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Rhinocerebral Zygomycosis Due to a Lichtheimia ramosa Infection in a Calf: Neural Spread Through the Olfactory Nerves. Mycopathologia 2018; 184:141-146. [PMID: 30168079 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a case of rhinocerebral zygomycosis due to a Lichtheimia ramosa infection in a calf. A histopathological examination revealed that a fungus had invaded the brain through the olfactory nerves. Lichtheimia ramosa was detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of the affected tissue. This is the first case of rhinocerebral zygomycosis to involve cattle. Also, this is the first such case to involve fungal invasion into the central nervous system through the cranial nerve itself, rather than through perineural tissue.
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5
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Leask R, Steyl J. Mycotic rhinitis in a Mutton Merino ewe. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2017. [DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v88.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Silva SMMS, Castro RS, Costa FAL, Vasconcelos AC, Batista MCS, Riet-Correa F, Carvalho EMS. Conidiobolomycosis in Sheep in Brazil. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:314-9. [PMID: 17491072 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-3-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis is reported in the state of Piauí, in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Affected sheep had depression, weight loss, serous or mucohemorrhagic nasal discharge, and cranium-facial asymmetry from exophthalmos of 1 eye, generally with increased volume of the eyeball, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. At necropsy of 60 sheep, friable masses were observed in the posterior region of the nasal cavity, often destroying the ethmoturbinate bones. Frequently, the lesions invaded the nasal sinuses, cribiform plate, orbit, and brain. The masses were irregular, granular with moist surfaces, and soft and friable with white, yellow, or tan coloration. Dissemination of the lesion to lungs was observed in 27 sheep, to the brain in 26, to lymph nodes in 3, to the kidney in 2, and to the gallbladder and heart in 1. The microscopic examination showed granulomatous inflammation composed of central necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes, epithelioid and giant cells, and fibrous tissue. In all lesions, negatively stained structures representing hyphae were surrounded by Splendore-Hoeppli material. Coagulative necrosis, thrombosis, and vasculitis were also observed. Grocott methenamine silver stain showed 8–30-μm-thick hyphae, rarely septate or ramified, irregular in shape, and with black contoured wall, sometimes with bulbous dilatation in the extremities. On electron microscopy, the hyphae had a thick double wall surrounded by cellular remnants and an inflammatory exudate. Conidiobolus coronatus was isolated from the lesions of 6 sheep. Conidiobolomycosis is an important disease of sheep in the state of Piauí, and other regions of northeastern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M M S Silva
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirugia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Petronio Portella s/n, Bairro Ininga, 640495-550, Teresina-Piauí, Brazil.
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Mackey PE, Cappe KG, Mani R, Rothenburg L, Sutton DA, Wiederhold NP, Lindner J, Ramachandran A, Wall CR, Snider T. Disseminated Conidiobolus incongruus in a dog: A case report and literature review. Med Mycol Case Rep 2015; 8:24-8. [PMID: 25830088 PMCID: PMC4354915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal disease of both humans and animals, occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical climates. We describe a disseminated fungal infection in a young, apparently immunocompetent dog who initially presented for antibiotic resistant pneumonia. Histopathology and mycology identified a Conidiobolus sp., further confirmed as Conidiobolus incongruus through DNA sequencing of D1/D2 regions. This is the first report of this species causing disease in dogs and the fifth reported infection in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Mackey
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Katharine G. Cappe
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Rinosh Mani
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lana Rothenburg
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Deanna A. Sutton
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nathan P. Wiederhold
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jonathan Lindner
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Corey R. Wall
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Timothy Snider
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Mendoza L, Vilela R, Voelz K, Ibrahim AS, Voigt K, Lee SC. Human Fungal Pathogens of Mucorales and Entomophthorales. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 5:cshperspect.a019562. [PMID: 25377138 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen an increase in the number of immunocompromised cohorts as a result of infections and/or medical conditions, which has resulted in an increased incidence of fungal infections. Although rare, the incidence of infections caused by fungi belonging to basal fungal lineages is also continuously increasing. Basal fungal lineages diverged at an early point during the evolution of the fungal lineage, in which, in a simplified four-phylum fungal kingdom, Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota belong to the basal fungi, distinguishing them from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Currently there are no known human infections caused by fungi in Chytridiomycota; only Zygomycotan fungi are known to infect humans. Hence, infections caused by zygomycetes have been called zygomycosis, and the term "zygomycosis" is often used as a synonym for "mucormycosis." In the four-phylum fungal kingdom system, Zygomycota is classified mainly based on morphology, including the ability to form coenocytic (aseptated) hyphae and zygospores (sexual spores). In the Zygomycota, there are 10 known orders, two of which, the Mucorales and Entomophthorales, contain species that can infect humans, and the infection has historically been known as zygomycosis. However, recent multilocus sequence typing analyses (the fungal tree of life [AFTOL] project) revealed that the Zygomycota forms not a monophyletic clade but instead a polyphyletic clade, whereas Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are monophyletic. Thus, the term "zygomycosis" needed to be further specified, resulting in the terms "mucormycosis" and "entomophthoramycosis." This review covers these two different types of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Mendoza
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48424-1031 Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48424-1031
| | - Raquel Vilela
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48424-1031 Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, CEP33400000 Belo Horizonte, Brazil Belo Horizonte Brazil; Superior Institute of Medicine (ISMD), Minas Gerais, CEP33400000 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kerstin Voelz
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom The National Institute of Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom B15 2WB
| | - Ashraf S Ibrahim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, St. John's Cardiovascular Research Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology and University of Jena, Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Institute of Microbiology, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Soo Chan Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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9
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Silveira MM, Paula DA, Silva MC, Pitchenin LC, Cruz RA, Colodel EM, Dutra V, Nakazato L. Development and application of polymerase chain reaction test for detection of Conidiobolus lamprauges. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013001200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis is a granulomatous disease caused by the fungus Conidiobolus spp. in humans and animals. Traditional technique for diagnosis of the disease is isolation of the agent associated with the presence of typical clinical signs and pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the development of a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for Conidiobolus lamprauges to detect the fungus in clinical samples. Samples from suspected animals were collected and submitted to isolation, histopathological analysis and amplification by PCR. DNA from tissues was subjected to PCR with fungi universal primers 18S rDNA gene, and specific primers were designed based on the same gene in C. lamprauges that generated products of about 540 bp and 222 bp respectively. The culture was positive in 26.6% of clinical samples. The PCR technique for C. lamprauges showed amplification of DNA from fresh tissues (80%) and paraffin sections (44.4%). In conclusion, the PCR technique described here demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity for detection of fungal DNA in tissue samples, providing a tool for the rapid diagnosis of C. lamprauges.
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10
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Ubiali DG, Cruz RAS, De Paula DAJ, Silva MC, Mendonça FS, Dutra V, Nakazato L, Colodel EM, Pescador CA. Pathology of nasal infection caused by Conidiobolus lamprauges and Pythium insidiosum in sheep. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:137-45. [PMID: 23375916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis and pythiosis are important diseases of sheep in midwestern Brazil. Veterinary practitioners consider it difficult to differentiate between these diseases because they have similar clinical features. In this study, 186 sheep were subjected to necropsy examination over a 6-year period. Thirty (16.1%) cases of rhinitis in sheep that were caused by Conidiobolus lamprauges (n = 15) or Pythium insidiosum (n = 15) were investigated further. The lesions of C. lamprauges infection were mainly rhinopharyngeal (86.7%), localized to the ethmoidal region and associated with exophthalmos. The lesions appear as a white to yellow, firm mass that microscopically appears as a granulomatous inflammatory reaction with numerous giant cells. In contrast, P. insidiosum infection is associated with rhinofacial (93.3%) lesions that mainly involve the frontal region and hard palate and appear as an irregular, friable, yellow to red mass. Microscopically, pythiosis presents as diffuse necrotizing eosinophilic rhinitis. Immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antisera raised specifically against the two organisms was used to confirm the identity of the infectious agent in each disease. This study reports the first immunohistochemical diagnosis of conidiobolomycosis and the first description of a rhinopharyngeal lesion caused by P. insidiosum in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Ubiali
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança, CEP 78069-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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11
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Gibson JS. Michael Desmond Connole: Veterinary Mycologist. MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ma13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Furlan FH, Lucioli J, Veronezi LO, Fonteque JH, Traverso SD, Nakazato L, Gava A. Conidiobolomicose causada por Conidiobolus lamprauges em ovinos no Estado de Santa Catarina. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010000700003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Descreve-se um surto de conidiobolomicose em ovinos no Estado de Santa Catarina. O surto ocorreu entre os meses de dezembro e março de 2006, no município de Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, região litorânea do Estado. A propriedade possuía 75 ovinos da raça Santa Inês e seis desses animais adoeceram. Clinicamente os animais doentes apresentavam dificuldade respiratória, corrimento nasal seroso a mucossanguinolento e, por vezes exolftalmia. Na necropsia verificou-se uma massa amarelada na região etmoidal e adjacências que, às vezes, atingia os linfonodos regionais, cérebro, globo ocular e pleura. Microscopicamente a massa caracterizava-se por infiltrado inflamatório granulomatoso com áreas necróticas associadas a hifas largas pouco ramificadas. Através de exame molecular detectou-se DNA de Conidiobolus lamprauges. Os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, macroscópicos, microscópicos e moleculares caracterizam a conidiobolomicose causada por Conidiobolus lamprauges em ovinos.
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de Paula DAJ, de Oliveira Filho JX, da Silva MC, Colodel EM, Broetto L, Pinto PM, Schrank A, Nakazato L, Dutra V. Molecular Characterization of Ovine Zygomycosis in Central Western Brazil. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:274-7. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zygomycosis is an important granulomatous disease that affects humans and animals, particularly sheep in tropical regions. Rhinofacial and nasopharyngeal zygomycosis were described in sheep in association with Conidiobolus spp. The present study characterized 5 samples of Conidiobolus isolated from 3 herds with clinical disease in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The clinical and pathological findings were similar to nasopharyngeal zygomycosis. Based on morphological features, isolates were classified as Conidiobolus spp., and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 18S ribosomal DNA grouped all isolates in a Conidiobolus lamprauges cluster. The current report describes the molecular characterization of ovine nasopharyngeal zygomycosis associated with C. lamprauges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphine Ariadne Jesus de Paula
- Postgraduate Course in Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Xavier de Oliveira Filho
- Postgraduate Course in Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina da Silva
- Postgraduate Course in Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Postgraduate Course in Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Broetto
- Postgraduate Course in Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos Pinto
- Postgraduate Course in Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Augusto Schrank
- Postgraduate Course in Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Postgraduate Course in Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Postgraduate Course in Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Morphologic and phylogenetic characterization of Conidiobolus lamprauges recovered from infected sheep. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 48:427-32. [PMID: 20007391 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01589-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Conidiobolus lamprauges, a soil and plant entomophthoralean fungus, has been reported only in a horse and, more recently, in sheep with rhinopharyngeal entomophthoramycosis. Thus, little information is available to enable proper identification of this pathogen and its differentiation from other saprotrophic and pathogenic Conidiobolus species. Using classical mycological tools and molecular methodologies, we report for the first time the taxonomic and phylogenetic description of three C. lamprauges isolates recovered from sheep with rhinopharyngeal entomophthoramycosis. The distinctive clinical and pathological features of C. lamprauges are compared with those of other Conidiobolus spp. affecting sheep, as well as with those of the stramenopilan ovine agent Pythium insidiosum. The comparative morphological attributes of Conidiobolus spp. are also diagramed; along with the sequence data generated, they should assist laboratories in the identification of these uncommon species.
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15
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Madson DM, Loynachan AT, Kariyawasam S, Opriessnig T. Systemic Conidiobolus incongruus infection and hypertrophic osteopathy in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:167-70. [PMID: 19139524 DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmortem examination of a free-range white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) revealed severe emaciation, bilateral firm proliferation of the metatarsal diaphyses, and a large intrathoracic mass associated with the accessory lung lobe. Smaller masses were evident in the abomasum, duodenum, omentum, and the capsular surface of the liver. Microscopically, the masses were similar and were diagnosed as eosinophilic granulomas with intralesional fungal hyphae characteristic of Zygomycetes spp. Fungal hyphae were identified as Conidiobolus incongruus by 18S ribosomal RNA sequencing on fresh lung tissue. Furthermore, the proliferative lesions of the metatarsal bones along with the intrathoracic mass were compatible with hypertrophic osteopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin M Madson
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Batista MDCDS, Castro RSD, Rego EW, Carvalho FADA, Silva SMMS, Carvalho CCD, Riet-Correa F. Hemograma, proteinograma, ionograma e dosagens bioquímicas e enzimáticas de ovinos acometidos por conidiobolomicose no nordeste do Brasil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2009000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Foram realizados eritrogramas, leucogramas, dosagens séricas de proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, cloretos, uréia, creatinina, bilirrubina total, direta e indireta e atividade sérica de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (FA) e gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT) de 56 ovinos afetados por conidiobolomicose e de 371 ovinos sadios provenientes dos mesmos rebanhos dos casos da doença. Os resultados revelaram que os ovinos com conidiobolomicose apresentam anemia arregenerativa normocítica normocrômica, leucocitose com neutrofilia e discreto desvio à esquerda regenerativo, com elevação da relação neutrófilo:linfócito, monocitose moderada, trombocitose, hipoproteinemia (hipoglobulinemia), hipomagnesemia, hipocalcemia e elevação dos teores de fósforo. As atividades séricas de AST e GGT estavam aumentadas e as de FA diminuídas. Não houve alteração nos níveis de uréia e creatinina, mas ocorreu hipoglicemia e hiperbilirrubinemia. Estes resultados podem ser utilizados para estudos experimentais da doença, em ensaios com tratamentos e para identificar casos precoces da enfermidade que não apresentem sinais clínicos. Além disso, os valores encontrados em 371 ovinos deslanados hígidos podem ser utilizados como valores referenciais para este tipo de ovinos na região semi-árida do Brasil.
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Riet-Correa F, Dantas AF, Azevedo EO, Simões SD, Silva SM, Vilela R, Mendoza L. Outbreaks of rhinofacial and rhinopharyngeal zygomycosis in sheep in Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2008000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two outbreaks of zigomycosis with rhinofacial and two other with rhinopharyngeal lesions involving fungi with filamentous coaenocytic hyphae characteristic of entomoph-thoramycetous fungi are reported in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. One outbreak of rhinofacial zygomycosis occurred during the rainy season affecting 5 sheep. Another outbreak of the clinical form affected one out of 40 sheep during the dry season. Common clinical signs of the rhinofacial infection were bilateral serosanguineous nasal discharge with swelling of nostrils, upper lip, and the skin of the face. At necropsy the nasal mucosa showed dark brownish ulcerated areas which extended from the mucocutaneous region to 10cm inside the nasal vestibule. The mucosa of the hard palate was also ulcerated. The cutting surface of nostrils and palate showed a brownish or red spongeous tissue of friable consistency. One outbreak of rhinopharyngitis took place on an irrigated coconut farm; 7 out of 60 adult sheep were affected. Another outbreak affected a sheep in a flock of 80 during the dry season. Clinical signs as noisy respiration and dyspnoea due to mechanical blockage of the nasal cavities, swelling of the nostrils, and serosanguineous nasal discharge were observed. Six out of 8 sheep in this group showed exophthalmia, keratitis and unilateral corneal ulceration of the eye. The sheep either died of their infection or were euthanized after a clinical course of 7-30 days. At necropsy there was a dense yellow exudate in the nasopharyngeal area affecting the ethmoidal region, turbinate bones, paranasal sinuses, hard and soft palates, orbital cavity, pharynges, regional muscles and lymph nodes. Histopathologically both forms of the disease showed multifocal granulomas with an eosinophilic necrotic reaction (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon) containing ribbon-type coenocytic hyphae with 7-30mum in diameter similar to hyphae of zygomycetous fungi, possibly Conidiobolus spp. Outbreaks of both forms of mycotic rhinitis are common in northeastern Brazil and in other regions of the country.
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Boabaid FM, Ferreira EV, Arruda LPD, Gasparetto ND, Souza RLD, Silva MCD, Dutra V, Nakazato L, Colodel EM. Conidiobolomicose em ovinos no Estado de Mato Grosso. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2008000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Relatam-se os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e micológicos de conidiobolomicose em ovinos no Estado de Mato Grosso. A doença ocorreu em uma propriedade no município de Nobres, em um rebanho com 40 ovelhas adultas, entre os meses de janeiro a junho de 2007. Aproximadamente 30% dos ovinos da propriedade adoeceram e todos os doentes morreram em curso clínico de 2-5 semanas. O quadro clínico foi caracterizado por apatia, emagrecimento, dificuldade respiratória com dispnéia, respiração ruidosa e oral, secreção nasal mucosa ou sero-sanguinolenta, exoftalmia unilateral, por vezes com cegueira, e morte. Havia desaparecimento de etmoturbinados com substituição por tecido bran-cacento, finamente granular, multilobulado e friável infil-trando-se na lâmina cribiforme, no septo nasal e nas coa-nas em todos os ovinos necropsiados. Lesões similares foram encontradas em linfonodos regionais (2 casos), pulmões (3), encéfalo (2) e em linfonodos do abomaso (1). Microscopicamente havia inflamação granulomatosa da região rinocerebral, caracterizada por necrose, proliferação de tecido conjuntivo, infiltrado de neutrófilos, eosinófilos, células epitelióides e células gigantes multinucleadas freqüentemente circundando material Splendori-Hoeppli, onde havia imagens negativas de hifas. Na impregnação pela Prata-Metenamina, as hifas tinham septos e ramificações escassas e irregulares, com dilatação balonosa terminal e com forte demarcação de contornos. Iso-lou-se de tecido nasal de quatro ovinos Conidiobolus sp.
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Silva SM, Castro RS, Costa FA, Vasconcelos AC, Batista MDCS, Riet-Correa F, Carvalho EM, Lopes JB. Epidemiologia e sinais clínicos da conidiobolomicose em ovinos no Estado do Piauí. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2007000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Foi realizado um estudo de ocorrência da conidiobolomicose ovina em 25 rebanhos no Estado do Piauí, de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2004. A enfermidade acometeu apenas ovinos e ocorreu principalmente em abril-julho. A incidência média anual foi de 2,80% e a incidência semestral foi significativamente mais alta (P <0,05) no primeiro semestre (2,10%), durante a época chuvosa, do que no segundo semestre (0,69%), durante a seca. A incidência entre rebanhos variou de 0,1-14,3% e a letalidade foi de 100%. Ao exame clínico, os animais apresentavam apatia, emagrecimento progressivo, secreção nasal serosa, mucosa e/ou hemorrágica, dificuldade respiratória, respiração ruidosa, febre e na maioria dos casos assimetria crânio-facial e exoftalmia. Alguns ovinos permaneciam com a cabeça baixa ou a pressionavam contra objetos. O curso clínico foi de 1-5 semanas. As lesões macroscópicas, microscópicas e ultrastructurais e a identificação do agente são descritas separadamente. Este é o primeiro registro de conidiobolomicose em ovinos no Brasil, enfermidade endêmica no Estado do Piauí, associada à alta pluviosidade (1000-1600mm anuais) e alta temperatura (19-36ºC).
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Hawkins EC, Grooters AM, Cowgill ES, Proulx DR, Davainis GM, Ruslander DM, Grindem CB. Treatment ofConidiobolussp. Pneumonia with Itraconazole in a Dog Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Greene CE, Brockus CW, Currin MP, Jones CJ. Infection with Basidiobolus ranarum in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002; 221:528-32, 500. [PMID: 12184703 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Basidiobolus ranarum is a saprophytic fungus in the environment that also is a part of the endogenous microflora in the gastrointestinal tract of several vertebrates. These organisms may penetrate skin or muscosa of humans and other animals, causing granulomatous inflammation. Two dogs infected with B. ranarum had prolonged or repeated exposure to water or soil in their environment. One dog had progressive subcutaneous infection of all the limbs, and the other dog had recurrent coughing and dyspnea caused by tracheobronchitis. In both dogs, secondary bacterial infection of the lesions was evident. Treatment of the dog with subcutaneous infection involved cutaneous dressings and sequential use of enrofloxacin and itraconazole; however, this resulted in suspected liver damage without clinical improvement. Subsequent treatment with potassium iodide and a lipid formulation of amphotericin B was also unsuccessful, and the dog was euthanatized. The other dog was treated alternately with enrofloxacin and itraconazole. When the clinical signs and infection returned, combination treatment with both drugs was more effective; however, the dog developed liver damage. Subsequent treatment with enrofloxacin on an intermittent basis controlled the dog's coughing during a 3-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Greene
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Stephens
- Toowoomba Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries, Queensland
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HILLIER ANDREW, KUNKLE GAILA, GINN PAMELAE, PADHYE ARVINDA. Canine Subcutaneous Zygomycosis Caused by Conidiobolus sp.: A Case Report and Review of Conidiobolus Infections in other Species. Vet Dermatol 1994; 5:205-213. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.1994.tb00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
About 700 sheep died on 52 farms in north-western New South Wales and south-western Queensland over a 3 mo period. Affected animals had a marked asymmetrical swelling of the face, extending from the nostril to just anterior to the eyes. They lost condition rapidly and died within 7 to 10 days. At necropsy there was a unilateral severe necrogranulomatous rhinitis with extension of inflammation into the adjacent subcutaneous tissue, nasal septum and hard palate. Metastatic lesions were present in the draining lymph nodes and in the thorax. Histological changes consisted of a granulomatous reaction with numerous eosinophilic foci of necrosis and a diffuse, heavy, mixed inflammatory cell response. Many vessels had segmental necrosis and thrombosis. Fungal hyphae were numerous, particularly within or associated with necrotic foci. Conidiobolus incongruus was isolated from nasal tissues, parotid and submandibular lymph nodes and pulmonary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Carrigan
- New South Wales Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Veterinary Centre
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Abstract
This review covers the available literature on the mycoses of animals in Australia since the last review published in 1967. Of the cutaneous infections, dermatophytoses have been recorded in a wide range of animals: cattle, horses, goats, pigs, sheep, cats, dogs, mice, guinea-pigs, rabbits, a lion, kangaroos, a camel, koalas and wallabies. These infections were caused by several species and varieties of the genera, Microsporum and Trichophyton. Eight agents of ringworms have been recorded in the horse. Two subcutaneous mycoses, phaeohyphomycosis and sporotrichosis have been reported. Phaeohyphomycosis is becoming more common but sporotrichosis is rare having been recorded only once in a cat. The following systemic mycoses have been recorded: adiaspiromycosis, aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, dactylariosis, fusariomycosis, histoplasmosis, miscellaneous mycoses, mycotic abortion and related conditions, zygomycosis, pythiosis, protothecosis and green algal infections. Cryptococcosis has affected 11 different animal species. Mycotic abortion is a serious disease in Victoria. Pythiosis of horses has been extensively studied in northern Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Connole
- Department of Primary Industries, Animal Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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