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Agrawal A, Varshney R, Gattani A, Kirthika P, Khan MH, Singh R, Kodape S, Patel SK, Singh P. Gold nanoparticle based immunochromatographic biosensor for rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection using recombinant protein. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 177:106024. [PMID: 32795639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly infectious and obvious withstand ability of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) to environment as well as lack of on-site field diagnostic methods notably hampers the paratuberculosis (PTB) control. The existing intricacy, time-consuming and complicated diagnostic methods of PTB accentuate the development of novel and easy-to-perform on-site test. A gold nanoparticle (GNP) based lateral-flow assay (LFA) using MAP recombinant protein (44 kDa) has been developed for sensitive and specific detection of PTB in field conditions. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the LFA for MAP specific antibodies was found approximately 84.2% and 83.3% in comparison to indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Consequently, the newly developed GNP based LFA offers on-site and cost-effective method for the prompt diagnosis of PTB and precludes the time-consuming laboratory screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Agrawal
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, Mirzapur UP-231001, India.
| | - Anil Gattani
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India; Department of Veterinary biochemistry, Bihar veterinary college, Patna 800014, India.
| | - P Kirthika
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - Mahvash Hira Khan
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - Shantanu Kodape
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
| | | | - Praveen Singh
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
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Gene expression profiles during subclinical Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in sheep can predict disease outcome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8245. [PMID: 31160677 PMCID: PMC6547741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis in ruminants is caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) however exposure does not predetermine progression to clinical disease. The pathogenesis incorporates a subclinical phase during which MAP is capable of evading host immune responses through adaptation of host cellular immune mechanisms. Presented are results of transcriptomic analysis of Merino sheep experimentally exposed to MAP and repeatedly sampled over the subclinical phase, identifying genes consistently changed over time in comparison to unexposed controls and associated with different disease outcomes. MAP exposed sheep were classified as diseased 45% (n = 9) or resilient 55% (n = 11). Significant gene expression changes were identified in the white blood cells of paucibacillary (n = 116), multibacillary (n = 98) and resilient cohorts (n = 53) compared to controls. Members of several gene families were differentially regulated, including S100 calcium binding, lysozyme function, MHC class I and class II, T cell receptor and transcription factors. The microarray findings were validated by qPCR. These differentially regulated genes are presented as putative biomarkers of MAP exposure, or of the specified disease or resilience outcomes. Further, in silico functional analysis of genes suggests that experimental MAP exposure in Merino sheep results in adaptations to cellular growth, proliferation and lipid metabolism.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of abattoir surveillance of intestinal tract lesions for detecting ovine Johne's disease (OJD) under normal meatwork conditions. DESIGN The design of this study was a diagnostic test validation. The three OJD inspectors were the diagnostic test and follow-up histopathological examination was used for test validation. PROCEDURE Approximately 1200 sheep were procured from known high prevalence OJD infected farms. The sheep viscera were tagged (numbered) and then examined as they were processed on the abattoir line by three experienced meat inspectors. Their observations were independently recorded on a cassette tape. Specified sections of viscera were prepared and subjected to histopathological examination and these results were compared with the inspector diagnoses. RESULTS The sensitivity of abattoir inspection for OJD varied between inspectors from 53 percent to 87 percent. The specificity varied from 97 to 100 percent. It appeared that the level of sensitivity for detecting disease was higher in lines of sheep where the disease was more prevalent. It also appeared that formal training was an important aspect in ensuring a high level CONCLUSION Abattoir surveillance is a very economical and rapid method of assessing the OJD status of sheep. On the basis of these results it is reasonable to suggest that abattoir surveillance has a sensitivity of approximately 70 percent. This technique is useful as an ancillary to other testing regimes for negative assurance programs where a sheep identification system is used.
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