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Kathiravan A, Chandramohan M, Renganathan R, Sekar S. Cyanobacterial chlorophyll as a sensitizer for colloidal TiO2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 71:1783-1787. [PMID: 18678524 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll has been extracted from cyanobacteria. The adsorption of chlorophyll on the surface of colloidal TiO(2) through electrostatic interaction was observed. The apparent association constant (K(app)) of chlorophyll-TiO(2) obtained from absorption spectra is 3.78x10(4)M(-1). The K(app) value of chlorophyll-TiO(2) as determined from fluorescence spectra is 1.81x10(4)M(-1), which matches well with that determined from the absorption spectra changes. These data indicate that there is an interaction between chlorophyll and colloidal TiO(2) nanoparticle surface. The dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer from chlorophyll to the conduction band of colloidal TiO(2) nanoparticle has been observed and the mechanism of electron transfer has been confirmed by the calculation of free energy change (DeltaG(et)) by applying Rehm-Weller equation as well as energy level diagram. Lifetime measurements gave the rate constant (k(et)) for electron injection from the excited state chlorophyll into the conduction band of TiO(2) is 4.2x10(8)s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kathiravan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Satoh K. Protein-pigments and the photosystem II reaction center: a glimpse into the history of research and reminiscences. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 98:33-42. [PMID: 18780160 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a glimpse into the dawning of research on chlorophyll-protein complexes and a brief recollection of the path that led us to the identification of the photosystem II reaction center, i.e., the polypeptides that carry the site of primary charge separation in oxygenic photosynthesis. A preliminary version of the personal review on the latter topic has already appeared in this journal (Satoh Photosynth Res 76:233-240, 2003).
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Hayden DB, Baker NR. Damage to Photosynthetic Membranes in Chilling-Sensitive Plants: Maize, a Case Study. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/07388558909036742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Colyer CL, Kinkade CS, Viskari PJ, Landers JP. Analysis of cyanobacterial pigments and proteins by electrophoretic and chromatographic methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:559-69. [PMID: 15714301 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-3020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Revised: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a diverse and ubiquitous group of prokaryotes with several unifying features. Amongst these is the macromolecular structure known as the phycobilisome, which is composed of water-soluble phycobiliproteins covalently bound by linker peptides or proteins in a configuration designed to optimize energy transfer to the photosynthetic reaction center of the organism. Phycobiliproteins are highly fluorescent by virtue of their covalently bound, linear tetrapyrrole chromophores known as bilins. Analysis of these prosthetic pigments, along with other non-water soluble pigments, such as the chlorophylls and carotenoids, can provide insight into microbial diversity. The effects of environmental growth conditions and stresses can also be probed by measuring pigment and protein concentrations. This review will focus, therefore, on applications of various chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for the analysis of cyanobacterial pigment and protein constituents. Although the greatest emphasis will be placed on the measurement of bilins and phycobiliproteins, this review will also consider other pigments and proteins important to cyanobacterial growth and survival, such as chlorophyll a, carotenoids, ectoenzymes, linker and membrane proteins, and extracellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa L Colyer
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
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Barrett J, Thorne S. Isolation of a F694-chlorophylla
-protein complex with low fluorescence yield from brown algae. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)81037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anderson JM. Consequences of spatial separation of photosystem 1 and 2 in thylakoid membranes of higher plant chloroplasts. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Murphy DJ, Crowther D, Woodrow IE. Reconstitution of light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complexes with Photosystem II complexes in soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Anderson JM. Chlorophyll-protein complexes of higher plant thylakoids: distribution, stoichiometry and organization in the photosynthetic unit. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Markwell J, Nakatani H, Barber J, Thornber J. Chlorophyll-protein complexes fractionated from intact chloroplasts. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Remy R, Tremolieres A, Duval J, Ambard-Bretteville F, Dubacq J. Study of the supramolecular organization of light-harvesting chlorophyll protein (LHCP). FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Breton J. The 695 nm fluorescence (F
695
) of chloroplasts at low temperature is emitted from the primary acceptor of photosystem II. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)81002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tjus SE, Roobol-Boza M, Pålsson LO, Andersson B. Rapid isolation of photosystem I chlorophyll-binding proteins by anion exchange perfusion chromatography. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1995; 45:41-49. [PMID: 24301378 DOI: 10.1007/bf00032234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/1994] [Accepted: 06/20/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the new method of anion exchange perfusion chromatography we have devised an extremely rapid technique to subfractionate spinach Photosystem I into its chlorophyll a containing core complex and various components of the Photosystem I light-harvesting antenna (LHC I). The isolation time for the LHC I subcomplexes following solubilisation of native Photosystem I was reduced from 50 h using traditional density centrifugation procedures down to only 10-25 min by perfusion chromatography. Within this very short period of isolation, LHC I has been obtained as subfractions highly enriched in Lhca2+3 (LHC I-680) and Lhca1+4 (LHC I-730). Moreover, other highly enriched subfractions of LHC I such as Lhca2, Lhca3 and Lhca1+2+4 were obtained where the later two populations have not previously been obtained in a soluble form and without the use of SDS. These various subfractions of the LHC I antenna have been characterised by absorption spectroscopy, 77 K fluorescence-spectroscopy and SDS-PAGE demonstrating their identities, functional intactness and purity. Furthermore, the analyses located a chlorophyll b pool to preferentially transfer its excitation energy to the low energy F735 chromophore, and located specifically the origin of the 730 nm fluorescence to the Lhca4 component. It was also revealed that Lhca2 and Lhca3 have identical light-harvesting properties. The isolated Photosystem I core complex showed high electron transport capacity (1535 μmoles O2 mg Chl(-1) h(-1)) and low fluorescence yield (0.4%) demonstrating its high functional integrity. The very rapid isolation procedure based upon perfusion chromatography should in a significant way facilitate the subfractionation of Photosystem I proteins and thereby allow more accurate functional and structural studies of individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Tjus
- Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Allgood L, Curtright RD, Markwell J. SOLUBILIZATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENT-PROTEIN COMPLEXES. Photochem Photobiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bittner T, Voigt J, Kehrberg G, Eckert HJ, Renger G. Evidence of excited state absorption in PS II membrane fragments. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1991; 28:131-139. [PMID: 24414972 DOI: 10.1007/bf00054126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/1990] [Accepted: 05/04/1991] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing a two-beam technique in the frequency domain, the pumped absorption of PS II membrane fragments from spinach and of acetonic chlorophyll-a solutions was measured at room temperature. In a very narrow wavelength region (0.2 nm around the pump pulse wavelength) the relative test beam transmission exhibited either a decrease or an increase, respectively, dependent on the intensity of a strong pump beam. In contrast, the transmission changes of chl-a solutions were not affected by the wavelength mistuning between pump and test beam. The data obtained for PS II membrane fragments were interpreted in terms of excited state absorption of pigment-protein clusters within the light-harvesting complex of PS II. The interpretation of the small absorption band as a homogeneously broadened line led to a transversal relaxation time for chlorophyll in vivo of about 1 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bittner
- Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Optik und Spektroskopie, Humboldt Universität, Invalidenstr. 42, 1040, Berlin, Germany
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Bassi R, Rigoni F, Giacometti GM. CHLOROPHYLL BINDING PROTEINS WITH ANTENNA FUNCTION IN HIGHER PLANTS and GREEN ALGAE. Photochem Photobiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb08457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Grossman A, Manodori A, Snyder D. Light-harvesting proteins of diatoms: their relationship to the chlorophyll a/b binding proteins of higher plants and their mode of transport into plastids. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1990; 224:91-100. [PMID: 2277634 DOI: 10.1007/bf00259455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned and characterized members of a gene family encoding polypeptide constituents of the fucoxanthin, chlorophyll a/c protein complex, a light-harvesting complex associated with photosystem II of diatoms and brown algae. Three cDNA clones encoding proteins associated with this complex in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum have been isolated. As deduced from the nucleotide sequences, these light-harvesting proteins show homology to the chlorophyll a/b binding polypeptides of higher plants. Specifically, the N-terminal regions of the fucoxanthin, chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins are homologous to the chlorophyll a/b binding proteins in both the third membrane-spanning domain and the stroma-exposed region between membrane-spanning domains 2 and 3. Like the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins, the mature fucoxanthin, chlorophyll a/c polypeptides have three hydrophobic alpha-helical domains which could span the membrane bilayer. The similarities between the two light-harvesting proteins might reflect the fact that both bind chlorophyll molecules and/or might be important for maintaining certain structural features of the complex. There is little similarity between the N-terminal sequences of the primary translation products of the fucoxanthin, chlorophyll a/c proteins and any transit sequences that have been characterized. Instead, the N-terminal sequences have features resembling those of signal sequences. Thus either transit peptides used in P. tricornutum show little resemblance to those of higher plants and green algae or the nuclear-encoded plastid proteins enter the organelle via a mechanism different from that used in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grossman
- Carnegie Institute of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305
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Buetow DE, Chen H, Erdő G, Yi LS. Regulation and expression of the multigene family coding light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1988; 18:61-97. [PMID: 24425161 DOI: 10.1007/bf00042980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/1987] [Accepted: 02/24/1988] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The current state of knowledge concerning the expression of the nuclear genes that code the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptides of photosystem II is presented. This review covers the structure of these genes, the complex multistep pathway involved in their expression, and the environmental and other factors which regulate their expression. Some of the effects of these factors are mediated, at least in part, at the level of transcription, but other effects can be explained only by the existence of multiple posttranscriptional regulatory steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Buetow
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 S. Goodwin Avenue, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA
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Knoetzel J, Braumann T, Grimme L. Pigment—protein complexes of green algae: Improved methodological steps for the quantification of pigments in pigment—protein complexes derived from the green algae Chlorella and Chlamydomonas. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(88)85009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chitnis PR, Thornber JP. The major light-harvesting complex of Photosystem II: aspects of its molecular and cell biology. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1988; 16:41-63. [PMID: 24430991 DOI: 10.1007/bf00039485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/1987] [Accepted: 11/30/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHC II) contains one major (LHC IIb) and at least three minor chlorophyll-protein components. The apoproteins of LHC IIb (LHCP) are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized in the cytoplasm as a higher molecular weight precursor(s) (pLHCP). Several genes coding for pLHCP have been cloned from various higher plant species. The expression of these genes is dependent upon a variety of factors such as light, the developmental stage of the plastids and the plant. After its synthesis in the cytoplasm, pLHCP is imported into plastids, inserted into thylakoids, processed to its mature form, and assembled into LHC IIb. The pathway of assembly of LHC IIb in the thylakoid membranes is currently being investigated in several laboratories. We present a model that gives some details of the steps in the assembly process. Many of the steps involved in the synthesis and assembly are dependent on light and the stage of plastid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Chitnis
- Biology Department and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Krol M, Huner NP, Williams JP, Maissan E. Chloroplast biogenesis at cold-hardening temperatures. Kinetics of trans-Δ3-hexadecenoic acid accumulation and the assembly of LHCII. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1988; 15:115-132. [PMID: 24430857 DOI: 10.1007/bf00035256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/1987] [Accepted: 09/21/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Etiolated seedlings developed at cold-hardening temperatures (5°C) exhibited etioplasts with considerable vesiculation of internal membranes compared to etioplasts developed at 20°C regardless of the osmotic concentration employed during sample preparation. This vesiculation disappeared during exposure to continuous light at 5°C. This transformation of 5°C and 20°C etioplasts to chloroplasts under continuous light at 5° and 20°C respectively proceeded normally with the initial development of non-appressed lamellae and the subsequent appearance of granal stacks. However, chloroplasts developed at 5°C exhibited fewer lamellae per granum than chloroplasts developed at 20°C.Although the polypeptide complements of etioplasts and chloroplasts developed at 5° or 20°C were not significantly different, monomeric light harvesting complex (LHCII3) was assembled into oligomeric light harvesting complex (LHCII1) during chloroplast biogenesis at 20°C (oligomer:monomer =1.8) whereas monomeric LHCII predominated at 5°C (oligomer:monomer =0.3). Low temperature fluorescence emission spectra of isolated thylakoids indicated that both the F685/F735 and F695/F735 were significantly higher after greening at 5°C than at 20°C. In addition, chloroplast biogenesis at 5°C was associated with a low ratio of trans-Δ3-hexadecenoic acid (0.5) in phosphatidylglycerol whereas at 20°C biogenesis was associated with a high ratio (1.6). Comparative kinetics indicated that the maximization of the trans-Δ3-hexadecenoic acid level precedes the assembly of monomeric LHCII into oligomeric LHCII during biogenesis at 20°C. It is suggested that low developmental temperatures modulate the assembly of LHCII by reducing the trans-Δ3-hexadecenoic acid content of phosphatidylglycerol such that monomeric or some intermediate form of LHCII predominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krol
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Western Ontario, N6A 5B7, London, Ontario, Canada
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Houlne G, Schantz R. Molecular analysis of the transcripts encoding the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein in Euglena gracilis: unusual size of the mRNA. Curr Genet 1987; 12:611-6. [PMID: 2458850 DOI: 10.1007/bf00368064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA library made from Euglena polyadenylated RNA has been constructed in the expression vector lambda gt11. The library was screened with antibodies directed against the LHCP apoproteins. Several putative LHCP clones were isolated and analyzed. We present the nucleotide and derived amino-acid sequence of an 800 bp long insert containing a poly A tail. On an amino-acid basis, the Euglena LHCP shows a 60% homology with the corresponding pea gene. Northern blot analysis revealed an unusual size of 7.5 kb. This extremely large mRNA is also recognized by a LHCP probe from Chlamydomonas. Hybrid-selected translation produces 2 proteins of 90-110 kd equivalent in size of the polypeptides immunoprecipitated from the translation products of polyadenylated RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Houlne
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France
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Islam K. The rate and extent of phosphorylation of the two light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein complex (LHC-II) polypeptides in isolated spinach thylakoids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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White MJ, Green BR. Antibodies to the photosystem I chlorophyll a + b antenna cross-react with polypeptides of CP29 and LHCII. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 163:545-51. [PMID: 3549296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A chlorophyll (a + b)--protein complex associated with photosystem I (PSI) was isolated from a larger PSI complex (CPIa) produced by electrophoresis of barley thylakoids solubilized with 300 mM octyl glucoside. It had an apparent Mr of 35,000-43,000 on 7.5% and 10% acrylamide gels respectively, and a chlorophyll a/b ratio of 2.5 +/- 1.5. Denaturation released four polypeptides migrating between 21-24 kDa. They were well separated from the polypeptides of the two photosystem II chlorophyll a + b antenna complexes: LHCII (25-27 kDa) and CP29 (28-29 kDa). In order to study the PSI antenna complex, antibodies were raised against highly purified CPIa. The antigen appeared to be pure when electrophoresed, blotted and reacted with its antiserum, i.e. anti-CPIa detected only the 64-66-kDa CPI apoprotein and the four 21-24 kDa antenna polypeptides. However, when blotted against the whole spectrum of thylakoid proteins, it cross-reacted with both LHCII and CP29 apoproteins. Removal of anti-CPI activity from the anti-CPIa did not affect these cross-reactions, showing that they were not due to antibodies directed against CPI. To show that the same antibody population was reacting with both the photosystem I and photosystem II antenna polypeptides, anti-CPIa was adsorbed onto highly purified CPIa on nitrocellulose. The bound antibody was eluted and used again in a Western blot against whole thylakoid proteins. This selected antibody population showed the same relative strength of reaction with photosystem I and photosystem II antenna polypeptides as the original antibody population had. Similar observations have been made with antibodies to the two photosystem II antenna complexes. We therefore conclude that there are antigenic determinants in common among the chlorophyll a + b binding polypeptides, and predict that there could be amino acid sequence similarities.
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Zuber H, Brunisholz R, Sidler W. Chapter 11 Structure and function of light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kirilovsky D, Ohad I. Functional assembly in vitro of phycobilisomes with isolated photosystem II particles of eukaryotic chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Hayden DB, Baker NR, Percival MP, Beckwith PB. Modification of the Photosystem II light-harvesting chlorophyll ab protein complex in maize during chill-induced photoinhibition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(86)90251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Domain sizes in chloroplasts and chlorophyll-protein complexes probed by fluorescence yield quenching induced by singlet-triplet exciton annihilation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Resolution of component spectra for spinach chloroplasts and green algae by means of factor analysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Williamson RE. Immobilisation of organelles and actin bundles in the cortical cytoplasm of the alga Chara corallina Klein ex. Wild. PLANTA 1985; 163:1-8. [PMID: 24249261 DOI: 10.1007/bf00395890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/1984] [Accepted: 07/12/1984] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which sub-cortical actin bundles and membranous organelles are immobilised in the cortical cytoplasm of the alga Chara was studied by perfusing cells with a solution containing 1% Triton X-100. Light and scanning electron microscopy and the release of starch grains and chlorophyll-protein complexes indicated that the detergent extensively solubilised the chloroplasts. However, the sub-cortical actin bundles remained in situ even though they were originally separated from the plasma membrane by the chloroplasts. A fibrous layer between chloroplasts and plasma membrane became readily visible after detergent extraction of the cells and could be released by low-ionic-strength ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, thioglycollate and trypsin. The same treatments applied to cells not subject to detergent extraction released the membrane-bound organelles and actin bundles and no fibrous meshwork was visible on subsequent extraction with Triton. It is, therefore, concluded that a detergent-insoluble cortical cytoskeleton exists and contributes to the immobility of the actin and cortical organelles in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Williamson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, P.O. Box 475, 2601, Canberra City, ACT, Australia
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Naidu R, Krishnan M, Nayudu M, Gnanam A. Studies on peanut green mosaic virus infected peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaves. II. Chlorophyll-protein complexes and polypeptide composition of thylakoid membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(84)90057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Leong TY, Anderson JM. Adaptation of the thylakoid membranes of pea chloroplasts to light intensities. I. Study on the distribution of chlorophyll-protein complexes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1984; 5:105-15. [PMID: 24458599 DOI: 10.1007/bf00028524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/1983] [Revised: 12/08/1983] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of light intensity (16 h white light and 8 h dark) during growth of pea plants at 20°C on the chlorophyll composition and on the relative distribution of chlorophyll amongst the various chlorophyll-protein of pea thylakoids was studied. The chl a/chl b ratios increased from 2.1 to 3.2 as light intensity during growth varied from 10 to 840 μEm(-2) s(-1). This function can be described by two straight lines intersecting at a transition point of approximately 200 μEm(-2) s(-1). Similar discontinuities in the responses were observed in the changes in the relative distribution of chlorophyll amongst the various chlorophyll-protein complexes. This demonstrates that the chl a/chl b ratio of the various thylakoids is a good indicator of changes in the relative distribution of chlorophyll. As the chl a/chl b ratio decreased, the amount of chlorophyll associated with photosystem I complexes decreased, that with photosystem II core reaction centre complex was halved, and that with the main chl a/b-proteins of the light-harvesting complex was markedly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Leong
- Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, GPO Box 1600, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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40
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Sárvári E, Gigler G. Partial characterization of a minor chlorophyll-protein found in primary thylakoids of intermittently illuminated maize. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1984; 5:159-167. [PMID: 24458603 DOI: 10.1007/bf00028528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/1983] [Revised: 01/09/1984] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A mild solubilization with sodium dodecyl sulphate of intermittently illuminated maize (Zea mays L. Mvsc 429) thylakoids allows the separation of a minor chlorophyll-protein in the position of the light harvesting chlorophyll-protein monomer of green plants by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It contains mainly chlorophyll a, its chlorophyll b content may come from the slightly contaminating light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein. It represents about 15% of the chlorophyll in protochloroplasts. The new chlorophyll-protein has an absorption maximum at 672 nm, and only one fluorescence emission peak at 680 nm. A 34 kD polypeptide is the most abundant one in the polypeptide pattern of the complex. The function of the new chlorophyll-protein is unknown at present. Its relationship to other chlorophyll-proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sárvári
- Department of Plant Physiology, Eötvös University, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
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41
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Ikegami I, Ke B. A 160-kilodalton Photosystem-I reaction-center complex. Low-temperature absorption and EPR spectroscopy of the early electron acceptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Spin-label studies of the lipid regions of spinach thylakoids and a detergent-derived oxygen-evolving Photosystem II preparation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(83)90192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Grumbach KH. EFFECT OF PHYTOCHROME ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ACYCLIC AND CYCLIC CAROTENOIDS IN HIGHER PLANTS. Photochem Photobiol 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1983.tb03605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Brown JS. A new evaluation of chlorophyll absorption in photosynthetic membranes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1983; 4:375-383. [PMID: 24458530 DOI: 10.1007/bf00054145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/1983] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The three major chlorophyll-proteins of spinach chloroplasts were solubilized with digitonin and isolated by electrophoresis with deoxycholate. The gel bands were identified from their absorption and fluorescence spectra measured at 77 K. The slowest moving band was a Photosystem I complex (CPI); the second, a Photosystem II complex (Cpa); and the third, a chlorophyll a-b, antenna complex (LHCP). When absorption spectra (630-730 nm) of the bands were added in the proportions found in the gel, the sum closely matched the absorption of the chloroplasts both before and after solubilization. Thus these spectra represent the native absorption of the major antenna chlorophyll-proteins of green plants. Each of these spectra was resolved with a computer assisted, curve-fitting program into 8 mixed Gaussian-Lorentzian shaped components. The major, Chl a components in the 3 fractions were different both in peak positions and bandwidths. This result suggests that each chlorophyll-protein has its own unique set of chlorophyll a spectral forms or components.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Brown
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
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Wiedemann I, Wilhelm C, Wild A. Isolation of chlorophyll-protein complexes and quantification of electron transport components in Synura petersenii and Tribonema aequale. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1983; 4:317-329. [PMID: 24458525 DOI: 10.1007/bf00054140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/1983] [Revised: 05/24/1983] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The chlorophyll-protein complexes of the yellow alga Synura petersenii (Chrysophyceae) and the yellow-green alga Tribonema aequale (Xanthophyceae) were studied. The sodiumdodecylsulfate/sodiumdesoxycholate solubilized photosynthetic membranes of these species yielded three distinct pigment-protein complexes and a non-proteinuous zone of free pigments, when subjected to SDS polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis. The slowest migrating protein was identical to complex I (CP I), the P-700 chlorophyll a-protein, which possessed 60 chlorophyll a molecules per reaction center in Tribonema and 108 in Synura. The zone of intermediate mobility contained chlorophyll a and carotenoids. The absorption spectrum of this complex was very similar to the chlorophyll a-protein of photosystem II (CP a), which is known from green plants. The fastest migrating pigment protein zone was identified as a light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex. In Synura this protein was characterized by the content of chlorophyll c and of fucoxanthin. Therefore this complex will be named as LH Chl a/c-fucocanthin protein. In addition to the separation of the chlorophyll-protein complexes the cellular contents of P-700, cytochrome f (bound cytochrome) and cytochrome c-553 (soluble cytochrome) were measured. The stoichiometry of cytochrome f: cytochrome c-553:P-700 was found to be 1:4:2.4 in Tribonema and 1:6:3.4 in Synurá.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wiedemann
- Institut für Allgemeine Botanik der Universität, Saarstr. 21, D-6500, Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
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The interaction of surfactants with the chloroplast thylakoid membrane at sub-solubilizing concentrations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(83)90208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Larsson UK, Jergil B, Andersson B. Changes in the lateral distribution of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b--protein complex induced by its phosphorylation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 136:25-9. [PMID: 6352263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of protein phosphorylation on the distribution of chlorophyll-protein complexes between appressed and non-appressed thylakoid regions of spinach chloroplasts has been investigated. Stroma lamellae vesicles and inside-out vesicles, representative of non-appressed and appressed thylakoids, respectively, were isolated from thylakoid membranes before and after phosphorylation. The fractions were analyzed with respect to the yield of vesicles, incorporation of [32P]phosphate into the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b--protein complex, chlorophyll composition, and the relative content of the main chlorophyll-protein complexes. The yield of inside-out vesicles from phosphorylated thylakoids was 20% lower than that from control thylakoids, indicating a partial destacking. The specific incorporation of [32P]phosphate into the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b--protein complex was at least four times higher in stroma lamellae vesicles than in inside-out vesicles. The proportion of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b--protein complex in stroma lamellae vesicles increased from 13% to 21% of their total chlorophyll after phosphorylation of the thylakoids. There was also a corresponding increase in the level of chlorophyll b. These observations strongly suggest that phosphorylated light-harvesting complexes migrate from appressed thylakoids rich in photosystem 2 to non-appressed thylakoids rich in photosystem 1. In contrast, there was no evidence for a lateral migration of the chlorophyll-a--protein complex of photosystem 2 after phosphorylation. Our results indicate that a lateral migration of phosphorylated light-harvesting complexes in combination with a lateral separation of photosystem 1 and 2 to the different thylakoid regions, is a basis for the regulation of excitation energy between the two photosystems.
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Chlorophyll-protein complexes of a Codium species, including a light-harvesting siphonaxanthin-Chlorophylla ab-protein complex, an evolutionary relic of some Chlorophyta. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(83)90096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Anderson JM, Brown JS, Lam E, Malkin R. CHLOROPHYLL b: AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF PHOTOSYSTEM I OF HIGHER PLANT CHLOROPLASTS. Photochem Photobiol 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1983.tb03863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Leong TY, Anderson JM. Changes in composition and function of thylakoid membranes as a result of photosynthetic adaptation of chloroplasts from pea plants grown under different light conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(83)90046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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