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Madea D, Mahvidi S, Chalupa D, Mujawar T, Dvořák A, Muchová L, Janoš J, Slavíček P, Švenda J, Vítek L, Klán P. Wavelength-Dependent Photochemistry and Biological Relevance of a Bilirubin Dipyrrinone Subunit. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13015-13028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Madea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sadegh Mahvidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Taufiqueahmed Mujawar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Dvořák
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Janoš
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kakeya K, Aozasa M, Mizutani T, Hitomi Y, Kodera M. Nucleophilic ring opening of meso-substituted 5-oxaporphyrin by oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2591-600. [PMID: 24597593 DOI: 10.1021/jo5000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic ring opening of 23H-[21,23-didehydro-10,15,20-tris(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-5-oxaporphyrinato](trifluoroacetato)zinc(II) with various nucleophiles such as alkoxide, amine, thiolate, and enolate gave 19-substituted bilinone zinc complexes, and they were isolated as free base bilinones. An X-ray crystallographic study demonstrated that the product of 5-oxaporphyrin with sodium methoxide was 21H,23H-(4Z,9Z,15Z)-1,21-dihydro-19-methoxy-5,10,15-tris(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)bilin-1-one with a helicoidal conformation. The structure of the product of 5-oxaporphyrin with an enolate of ethyl acetoacetate was 21H,22H,24H-(4Z,9Z,15Z,19E)-19-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-oxopropylidene)-5,10,15-tris(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-1,19,21,24-tetrahydrobilin-1-one, with three inner NH groups. The product with SH(-) was also the same tautomer, 21H,22H,24H-19-thioxo-bilin-1-one, with three NH groups, while the products with RO(-), RNH2, and RS(-) nucleophiles were 21H,23H-bilin-1-ones with two inner NH groups. The first-order rate constants of the ring opening reaction of 5-oxaporphyrin with 1 M BnOH and BnSH in toluene at 303 K were 3.0 × 10(-4) and 6.1 × 10(-4) s(-1), respectively. The ratio of the rate of alcohol to thiol was much higher than that with methyl iodide, suggesting that 5-oxaporphyrin reacted as a hard electrophile in comparison to methyl iodide. UV-visible spectra of 19-substituted bilinones in CHCl3 at 298 K showed that the absorption maximum of the lower energy band was red-shifted in increasing order of O-substituted (645 nm), S-substituted (668 nm), N-substituted (699 nm), and C-substituted bilinones (706 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Kakeya
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, and Center for Nanoscience Research, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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Rockwell NC, Martin SS, Lagarias JC. Red/green cyanobacteriochromes: sensors of color and power. Biochemistry 2012; 51:9667-77. [PMID: 23151047 DOI: 10.1021/bi3013565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phytochromes are red/far-red photoreceptors using cysteine-linked linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophores to regulate biological responses to light. Light absorption triggers photoisomerization of the bilin between the 15Z and 15E photostates. The related cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) extend the photosensory range of the phytochrome superfamily to shorter wavelengths of visible light. Several subfamilies of CBCRs have been described. Representatives of one such subfamily, including AnPixJ and NpR6012g4, exhibit red/green photocycles in which the 15Z photostate is red-absorbing like that of phytochrome but the 15E photoproduct is instead green-absorbing. Using recombinant expression of individual CBCR domains in Escherichia coli, we fully survey the red/green subfamily from the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. In addition to 14 new photoswitching CBCRs, one apparently photochemically inactive protein exhibiting intense red fluorescence was observed. We describe a novel orange/green photocycle in one of these CBCRs, NpF2164g7. Dark reversion varied in this panel of CBCRs; some examples were stable as the 15E photoproduct for days, while others reverted to the 15Z dark state in minutes or even seconds. In the case of NpF2164g7, dark reversion was so rapid that reverse photoconversion of the green-absorbing photoproduct was not significant in restoring the dark state, resulting in a broadband response to light. Our results demonstrate that red/green CBCRs can thus act as sensors for the color or intensity of the ambient light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Rockwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Nakamura R, Kakeya K, Furuta N, Muta E, Nishisaka H, Mizutani T. Synthesis of para- or ortho-Substituted Triarylbilindiones and Tetraarylbiladienones by Coupled Oxidation of Tetraarylporphyrins. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6108-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2007994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kakeya
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Nao Furuta
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Etsuko Muta
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishisaka
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mizutani
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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Rohmer T, Lang C, Gärtner W, Hughes J, Matysik J. Role of the protein cavity in phytochrome chromoprotein assembly and double-bond isomerization: a comparison with model compounds. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:856-61. [PMID: 20492561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Difference patterns of (13)C NMR chemicals shifts for the protonation of a free model compound in organic solution, as reported in the literature (M. Stanek, K. Grubmayr [1998] Chem. Eur. J.4, 1653-1659), were compared with changes in the protonation state occurring during holophytochrome assembly from phycocyanobilin (PCB) and the apoprotein. Both processes induce identical changes in the NMR signals, indicating that the assembly process is linked to protonation of the chromophore, yielding a cationic cofactor in a heterogeneous, quasi-liquid protein environment. The identity of both difference patterns implies that the protonation of a model compound in solution causes a partial stretching of the geometry of the macrocycle as found in the protein. In fact, the similarity of the difference pattern within the bilin family for identical chemical transformations represents a basis for future theoretical analysis. On the other hand, the change of the (13)C NMR chemical shift pattern upon the Pr --> Pfr photoisomerization is very different to that of the free model compound upon ZZZ --> ZZE photoisomerization. Hence, the character of the double-bond isomerization in phytochrome is essentially different from that of a classical photoinduced double-bond isomerization, emphasizing the role of the protein environment in the modulation of this light-induced process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Rohmer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Rockwell NC, Njuguna SL, Roberts L, Castillo E, Parson VL, Dwojak S, Lagarias JC, Spiller SC. A second conserved GAF domain cysteine is required for the blue/green photoreversibility of cyanobacteriochrome Tlr0924 from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7304-16. [PMID: 18549244 PMCID: PMC2574597 DOI: 10.1021/bi800088t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes are widely occurring red/far-red photoreceptors that utilize a linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophore covalently bound within a knotted PAS-GAF domain pair. Cyanobacteria also contain more distant relatives of phytochromes that lack this knot, such as the phytochrome-related cyanobacteriochromes implicated to function as blue/green switchable photoreceptors. In this study, we characterize the cyanobacteriochrome Tlr0924 from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Full-length Tlr0924 exhibits blue/green photoconversion across a broad range of temperatures, including physiologically relevant temperatures for this organism. Spectroscopic characterization of Tlr0924 demonstrates that its green-absorbing state is in equilibrium with a labile, spectrally distinct blue-absorbing species. The photochemically generated blue-absorbing state is in equilibrium with another species absorbing at longer wavelengths, giving a total of 4 states. Cys499 is essential for this behavior, because mutagenesis of this residue results in red-absorbing mutant biliproteins. Characterization of the C 499D mutant protein by absorbance and CD spectroscopy supports the conclusion that its bilin chromophore adopts a similar conformation to the red-light-absorbing P r form of phytochrome. We propose a model photocycle in which Z/ E photoisomerization of the 15/16 bond modulates formation of a reversible thioether linkage between Cys499 and C10 of the chromophore, providing the basis for the blue/green switching of cyanobacteriochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C. Rockwell
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Clark Lagarias
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
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Braslavsky SE, Holzwarth AR, Schaffner K. Konformationsanalyse, Photophysik und Photochemie der Gallenpigmente; Bilirubin- und Biliverdindimethylester und verwandte lineare Tetrapyrrole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19830950904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Isaac M, Senge MO, Smith KM. Synthesis and characterization of models for the bilin catabolites of chlorophylls using metallo-β-oxochlorins and -benzo[at]chlorins: comparison of macrocycle cleavage versus meso-oxochlorin formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/p19950000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Siebert F, Grimm R, Rüdiger W, Schmidt G, Scheer H. Infrared spectroscopy of phytochrome and model pigments. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 194:921-8. [PMID: 2269310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fourier-transform infrared difference spectra between the red-absorbing and far-red-absorbing forms of oat phytochrome have been measured in H2O and 2H2O. The difference spectra are compared with infrared spectra of model compounds, i.e. the (5Z,10Z,15Z)- and (5Z,10Z,15E)-isomers of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-bilindion (Et8-bilindion), 2,3-dihydro-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-bilindion (H2Et8-bilindion), and protonated H2Et8-bilindion in various solvents. The spectra of the model compounds show that only for the protonated forms can clear differences between the two isomers be detected. Since considerable differences are present between the spectra of Et8-bilindion and H2Et8-bilindion, it is concluded that only the latter compound can serve as a model system of phytochrome. The 2H2O effect on the difference spectrum of phytochrome supports the view that the chromophore in red-absorbing phytochrome is protonated and suggests, in addition, that it is also protonated in far-red-absorbing phytochrome. The spectra show that protonated carboxyl groups are influenced. The small amplitudes in the difference spectra exclude major changes of protein secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Siebert
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Institut für Biophysik und Strahlenbiologie, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Colombano CG, Braslavsky SE, Holzwarth AR, Schaffner K. FLUORESCENCE QUANTUM YIELDS OF 124-kDa PHYTOCHROME FROM OAT UPON EXCITATION WITHIN DIFFERENT ABSORPTION BANDS. Photochem Photobiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Elektrophile Substitution und nucleophile Addition an 3,4-Dihydro-5(1H)-pyrromethenonen. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00809213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Braslavsky SE, Al-Ekabi H, Petrier C, Schaffner K. PHYTOCHROME MODELS, PART 9. CONFORMATION SELECTIVITY OF THE PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF THE BILIVERDIN IX γ and IX δ DIMETHYL ESTERS. Photochem Photobiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Falk H, Grubmayr K, Kapl G, M�ller N, Zrunek U. Beitr�ge zur Chemie der Pyrrolpigmente, 48. Mitt. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01134187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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