1
|
Mujawar T, Sevelda P, Madea D, Klán P, Švenda J. A Platform for the Synthesis of Oxidation Products of Bilirubin. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1603-1611. [PMID: 38165253 PMCID: PMC10797625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bilirubin is the principal product of heme catabolism. High concentrations of the pigment are neurotoxic, yet slightly elevated levels are beneficial. Being a potent antioxidant, oxidative transformations of bilirubin occur in vivo and lead to various oxidized fragments. The mechanisms of their formation, intrinsic biological activities, and potential roles in human pathophysiology are poorly understood. Degradation methods have been used to obtain samples of bilirubin oxidation products for research. Here, we report a complementary, fully synthetic method of preparation. Our strategy leverages repeating substitution patterns in the parent tetracyclic pigment. Functionalized ready-to-couple γ-lactone, γ-lactam, and pyrrole monocyclic building blocks were designed and efficiently synthesized. Subsequent modular combinations, supported by metal-catalyzed borylation and cross-coupling chemistries, translated into the concise assembly of the structurally diverse bilirubin oxidation products (BOXes, propentdyopents, and biopyrrins). The discovery of a new photoisomer of biopyrrin A named lumipyrrin is reported. Synthetic bilirubin oxidation products made available in sufficient purity and quantity will support future in vitro and in vivo investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taufiqueahmed Mujawar
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sevelda
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Madea
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uchida Y, Takahashi Y, Kurata C, Morimoto Y, Ohtani E, Tosaki A, Kumagai A, Greimel P, Nishikubo T, Miyawaki A. Urinary lumirubin excretion in jaundiced preterm neonates during phototherapy with blue light-emitting diode vs. green fluorescent lamp. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18359. [PMID: 37884564 PMCID: PMC10603030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototherapy converts lipophilic unconjugated bilirubin to hydrophilic bilirubin photoisomers, such as lumirubin. We comparatively used a blue light-emitting diode (LED) and a green fluorescent lamp (FL) as light sources for phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemic preterm neonates with the aim of examining potential differences in urinary lumirubin excretion between these two wavelengths. Urinary lumirubin levels were measured using a fluorescence assay with blue light exposure in the presence of the unconjugated bilirubin-inducible fluorescent protein UnaG, and denoted as urinary UnaG-bound bilirubin (UUB)/creatinine (Cr) (μg/mg Cr). Preterm neonates born at ≤ 33 weeks gestational age and treated with phototherapy were subjected to this study. The maximum UUB/Cr level during phototherapy per device intensity was compared between neonates treated with the blue LED and the green FL. A total of 61 neonates were examined to determine the maximum UUB/Cr levels. The median of maximum UUB/Cr excretion per light intensity of each device (μg/mg Cr/μW/cm2/nm) was 0.83 for the blue LED and 1.29 for the green FL (p = 0.01). Green light was found to be more effective than blue one for bilirubin excretion via urinary lumirubin excretion. This is the first spectroscopic study to compare the efficacy of phototherapy at different wavelengths using fluorescence assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Uchida
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medical Center, Nara Medical University Hospital, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Takahashi
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medical Center, Nara Medical University Hospital, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Chikara Kurata
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara-City, Nara, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Morimoto
- R&D Division, Ushio Inc, Himeji-City, Hyogo, Japan
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eishin Ohtani
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medical Center, Nara Medical University Hospital, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Asako Tosaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-City, Saitama, Japan
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako-City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Kumagai
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-City, Saitama, Japan
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako-City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Peter Greimel
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nishikubo
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medical Center, Nara Medical University Hospital, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-City, Saitama, Japan
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako-City, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arioka M, Koyano K, Nakao Y, Ozaki M, Nakamura S, Kiuchi H, Okada H, Itoh S, Murao K, Kusaka T. Quantitative effects of bilirubin structural photoisomers on the measurement of direct bilirubin via the vanadate oxidation method. Ann Clin Biochem 2023; 60:177-183. [PMID: 36772822 DOI: 10.1177/00045632231154748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposing blood serum samples to ambient white light-emitting diode (WLED) light may accelerate bilirubin photoisomer production. We previously demonstrated the quantitative effect of bilirubin configurational isomers (BCI) on direct bilirubin (DB) value using the vanadate oxidation method. However, the effects of bilirubin structural photoisomers (BSI) remain unclear. METHODS In Study 1, the relationship between WLED irradiation time and BSI production was examined. Serum samples from five neonates were irradiated with WLED light for 0, 10, 30, 60 and 180 min. Bilirubin isomer concentration and BSI production rates were calculated. In Study 2, we performed quantitative investigation of BSI effect on DB values: Differences in DB, BCI and BSI values before and after irradiation were calculated as ⊿DB, ⊿BCI and ⊿BSI, respectively. Assuming the coefficient of BCI affecting DB values was 'a', relational expression was ⊿DB = a*⊿BSI + 0.19*⊿BCI. Serum samples from 15 neonates were irradiated with green LED light for 10 and 30 s. The respective bilirubin isomer levels were measured, and the coefficient was derived. RESULTS In Study 1, the median BSI production rate was 0.022 mg/dL per min in specimens with an unconjugated bilirubin concentration of 10.88 mg/dL. In Study 2, assuming that ⊿DB-0.19*⊿BCI was Y and ⊿BSI was X, the relational expression was Y = 0.34X-0.03 (R2 = 0.87; p < .01) and a = 0.34. CONCLUSIONS Under ambient WLED light, serum sample generated 1.3 mg/dL BSIs in 1 h. Approximately 34% (0.44 mg/dL) of BSI concentrations was measured as DB when using the vanadate oxidation method according to the above equation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Arioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 12850Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Koyano
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 12850Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakao
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 12850Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Miyo Ozaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, 12850Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 12850Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kiuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, 12850Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okada
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Itoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 12850Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, 12850Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 12850Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pu R, Wang Z, Zhu R, Jiang J, Weng TC, Huang Y, Liu W. Investigation of Ultrafast Configurational Photoisomerization of Bilirubin Using Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:809-816. [PMID: 36655842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy is an efficient and safe way to reduce high levels of free 4Z,15Z-bilirubin (ZZ-BR) in the serum of newborns. The success of BR phototherapy lies in photoinduced configurational and structural isomerization processes that form excretable isomers. However, the physical picture of photoinduced photoisomerization of ZZ-BR is still unclear. Here, we strategically implement tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy and several time-resolved electronic spectroscopies, assisted by quantum chemical calculations, to dissect the detailed primary configurational isomerization dynamics of free ZZ-BR in organic solvents. The results of this study demonstrate that upon photoexcitation, ultrafast configurational isomerization proceeds by a volume-conserving "hula twist", followed by intramolecular hydrogen-bond distortion and large-scale rotation of the two dipyrrinone halves of the ZZ-BR isomer in a few picoseconds. After that, most of the population recovers back to ZZ-BR, and a very small amount is converted into stable BR isomers via structural isomerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Pu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- STU and SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- STU and SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ruixue Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiaming Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- STU and SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maki Y, Kushibiki T, Sano T, Ogawa T, Komai E, Takahashi S, Kitagami E, Serizawa Y, Nagaoka R, Yokomizo S, Ono T, Ishihara M, Miyahira Y, Kashiwagi S, Kawana A, Kimizuka Y. 1270 nm near-infrared light as a novel vaccine adjuvant acts on mitochondrial photoreception in intradermal vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028733. [PMID: 36439134 PMCID: PMC9684730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of laser technology in the 1960s, a technique was developed to inject intradermal vaccines immediately after irradiating the skin with laser light to elicit an adjuvant effect, referred to as "laser adjuvant." We have been investigating the mechanism of laser adjuvant in influenza mouse models using noninvasive continuous-wave (CW) near-infrared (NIR) light mainly at a wavelength of 1064 nm, and have shown that the production of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) in the skin and mast cells in the skin tissue plays an important role in the laser adjuvant effect. The new wavelength of 1270 nm NIR light is characterized by its ability to elicit the same vaccine adjuvant effect as other wavelengths at a lower energy, and may be suitable for clinical applications. In this study, we investigated the physiological activity of CW1270 nm NIR light in mast cells, its biological activity on mouse skin, and the durability of the vaccine adjuvant effect in influenza vaccine mouse models. We show that irradiation of mast cells with 1270 nm NIR light produced ROS and ATP, and irradiation of isolated mitochondria also produced ATP. In mouse skin, the relative expression levels of chemokine mRNAs, such as Ccl2 and Ccl20, were increased by irradiation with 1270 and 1064 nm NIR light at minimum safe irradiance. However, the relative expression of Nfkb1 was increased at 1064 nm, but not at 1270 nm. Serum anti-influenza IgG antibody titers increased early after immunization with 1064 nm, whereas with 1270 nm, there was not only an early response of antibody production but also persistence of antibody titers over the medium- to long-term. Thus, to our knowledge, we show for the first time that 1270 nm NIR light induces ROS and ATP production in mitochondria as photoreceptors, initiating a cascade of laser adjuvant effects for intradermal vaccines. Additionally, we demonstrate that there are wavelength-specific variations in the mechanisms and effects of laser adjuvants. In conclusion, CW1270 nm NIR light is expected to be clinically applicable as a novel laser adjuvant that is equivalent or superior to 1064 nm NIR light, because it can be operated at low energy and has a wavelength-specific adjuvant effect with medium- to long-lasting antibody titer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Maki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sano
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takunori Ogawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Eri Komai
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shusaku Takahashi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kitagami
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Serizawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nagaoka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Yokomizo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Takeshi Ono
- Department of Global Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Miya Ishihara
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyahira
- Department of Global Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Akihiko Kawana
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimizuka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maki Y, Kashiwagi S, Kimizuka Y. Laser vaccine adjuvants: Light-augmented immune responses. Vaccine 2021; 39:6805-6812. [PMID: 34666921 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are essential for ensuring the efficacy of modern vaccines. Considering frequent local and systemic adverse reactions, research into the development of safer and more effective adjuvants is being actively conducted. In recent years, the novel concept of laser vaccine adjuvants, which use the physical energy of light, has been developed. For long, light has been known to affect the physiological functions in living organisms. Since the development of lasers as stable light sources, laser adjuvants have evolved explosively in multiple ways over recent decades. Future laser adjuvants would have the potential not only to enhance the efficacy of conventional vaccine preparations but also to salvage candidate vaccines abandoned during development because of insufficient immunogenicity or owing to their inability to be combined with conventional adjuvants. Furthermore, the safety and efficacy of non-invasive laser adjuvants make them advantageous for vaccine dose sparing, which would be favorable for the timely and equitable global distribution of vaccines. In this review, we first describe the basics of light-tissue interactions, and then summarize the classification of lasers, the history of laser adjuvants, and the mechanisms by which different lasers elicit an immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Maki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Kimizuka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu YY, Pan HF, Xu JH, Chen JQ. Long chain fatty acid affects excited state branching in bilirubin-human serum protein Complex. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2012220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hai-feng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian-hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jin-quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Characteristics of bilirubin photochemical changes under green light-emitting diodes in humans compared with animal species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6391. [PMID: 33737608 PMCID: PMC7973762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototherapy using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) centered on the green spectrum, which has a high cyclobilirubin production rate, was as effective as that centered on the blue spectrum for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. There are no reports of species differences in bilirubin photochemical changes in this spectrum, and the characteristics of bilirubin photochemical changes in humans must be elucidated to proceed with the development of new light sources that include these spectra. This report describes the characteristic photochemical kinetics of bilirubin under green-spectrum LEDs in human, rat, rabbit, dog, pig, sheep, bovine and chicken serum albumin and rhesus monkey serum. These albumin-bilirubin complex solutions were irradiated by green LEDs, and the time-course changes in bilirubin photoisomers were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The cyclobilirubin production rates in humans, pigs, and monkeys were significantly higher than those in other species. The rate constant of (EZ)-cyclobilirubin production from (EZ)-bilirubin 'k' was significantly higher in humans and monkeys than in other species. In conclusion, bilirubin photochemical kinetics under green spectrum LEDs in humans were characterized by a high cyclobilirubin production rate at a low substrate concentration. The bilirubin photochemical kinetics in monkeys were similar to those in humans.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kawamoto S, Koyano K, Ozaki M, Arai T, Iwase T, Okada H, Itoh S, Murao K, Kusaka T. Effects of bilirubin configurational photoisomers on the measurement of direct bilirubin by the vanadate oxidation method. Ann Clin Biochem 2021; 58:311-317. [PMID: 33588585 DOI: 10.1177/0004563221999068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct-reacting bilirubin concentrations measured using vanadate chemical oxidation method do not exactly match the conjugated bilirubin concentration. One of the causes is the effect of bilirubin photoisomers. However, the quantitative evaluation of the effects of these photoisomers has not been sufficiently conducted. In particular, the influence of bilirubin configurational isomers on direct bilirubin is the most critical factor. METHODS Sixteen residual serum samples were used. For quantitative analysis based on the change in direct bilirubin and bilirubin configurational isomer, samples were irradiated via blue light-emitting diodes to suppress the production of bilirubin structural isomers. Total bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations were measured using the vanadate chemical oxidation method. Concentrations of 4Z,15Z-bilirubin IXα and its photoisomers were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The sum of 4Z,15E-bilirubin IXα and 4E,15Z-bilirubin IXα was notated as bilirubin configurational isomer, and the differences between the measured values of the irradiated and non-irradiated samples were calculated and notated as ΔDB and ΔBCI. RESULTS In non-irradiated and irradiated samples, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations were 10.73 mg/dL with significant a decrease to 10.60 mg/dL and 0.69 mg/dL with a significant increase to 0.78 mg/dL, while bilirubin configurational isomer values were 1.00 mg/dL and 1.52 mg/dL, respectively. The linear regression equation revealed a significant positive correlation of Y = 0.187X-0.006 between ΔDB (Y) and ΔBCI (X). CONCLUSION Applying the vanadate chemical oxidation method affected approximately 19% of the bilirubin configurational isomer concentration for direct bilirubin. Extreme caution is necessary when interpreting the measured values of samples indicative of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kawamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Koyano
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Miyo Ozaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwase
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Itoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Janoš J, Madea D, Mahvidi S, Mujawar T, Švenda J, Suchan J, Slavíček P, Klán P. Conformational Control of the Photodynamics of a Bilirubin Dipyrrinone Subunit: Femtosecond Spectroscopy Combined with Nonadiabatic Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10457-10471. [PMID: 33283519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of bilirubin has been extensively studied due to its importance in the phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemia. In the present work, we investigated the ultrafast photodynamics of a bilirubin dipyrrinone subunit, vinylneoxanthobilirubic acid methyl ester. The photoisomerization and photocyclization reactions of its (E) and (Z) isomers were studied using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and by multireference electronic structure theory, where the nonadiabatic dynamics was modeled with a Landau-Zener surface hopping technique. The following picture has emerged from the combined theoretical and experimental approach. Upon excitation, dipyrrinone undergoes a very fast vibrational relaxation, followed by an internal conversion on a picosecond time scale. The internal conversion leads either to photoisomerization or regeneration of the starting material. Further relaxation dynamics on the order of tens of picoseconds was observed in the ground state. The nonadiabatic simulations revealed a strong conformational control of the photodynamics. The ultrafast formation of a cyclic photochemical product from a less-populated conformer of the studied subunit was predicted by our calculations. We discuss the relevance of the present finding for the photochemistry of native bilirubin. The work has also pointed to the limits of semiclassical nonadiabatic simulations for simulating longer photochemical processes, probably due to the zero-point leakage issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Janoš
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Madea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sadegh Mahvidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Taufiqueahmed Mujawar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Suchan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Madea D, Mahvidi S, Chalupa D, Mujawar T, Dvořák A, Muchová L, Janoš J, Slavíček P, Švenda J, Vítek L, Klán P. Wavelength-Dependent Photochemistry and Biological Relevance of a Bilirubin Dipyrrinone Subunit. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13015-13028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Madea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sadegh Mahvidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Taufiqueahmed Mujawar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Dvořák
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Janoš
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vreman HJ, Kourula S, Jašprová J, Ludvíková L, Klán P, Muchová L, Vítek L, Cline BK, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. The effect of light wavelength on in vitro bilirubin photodegradation and photoisomer production. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:865-873. [PMID: 30710116 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The action spectrum for bilirubin photodegradation has been intensively studied. However, questions still remain regarding which light wavelength most efficiently photodegrades bilirubin. In this study, we determined the in vitro effects of different irradiation wavelength ranges on bilirubin photodegradation. METHODS In our in vitro method, normalized absolute irradiance levels of 4.2 × 1015 photons/cm2/s from light-emitting diodes (ranging from 390-530 nm) and 10-nm band-pass filters were used to irradiate bilirubin solutions (25 mg/dL in 4% human serum albumin). Bilirubin and its major photoisomer concentrations were determined; the half-life time of bilirubin (t1/2) was calculated for each wavelength range, and the spectral characteristics for bilirubin photodegradation products were obtained for key wavelengths. RESULTS The in vitro photodegradation of bilirubin at 37 °C decreased linearly as the wavelength was increased from 390 to 500 nm with t1/2 decreasing from 63 to 17 min, respectively. At 460 ± 10 nm, a significantly lower rate of photodegradation and thus higher t1/2 (31 min) than that at 500 nm (17 min) was demonstrated. CONCLUSION In our system, the optimum bilirubin photodegradation and lumirubin production rates occurred between 490 and 500 nm. Spectra shapes were remarkably similar, suggesting that lumirubin production was the major process of bilirubin photodegradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik J Vreman
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S214, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Stephanie Kourula
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S214, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jana Jašprová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ludvíková
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Benjamin K Cline
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S214, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S214, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S214, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuboi T, Kusaka T, Okada H, Arioka M, Nii K, Takahashi M, Yamato S, Sadamura T, Jinnai W, Nakano A, Itoh S. Green light-emitting diode phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: Randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:465-470. [PMID: 30838731 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main photochemical pathway in phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is the production and elimination (in bile or urine) of cyclobilirubin, which is a structural photoisomer of bilirubin, and which is most efficiently produced by green light. Green light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy, however, has not been evaluated in the clinical setting because it is not recommended in American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. We therefore compared the efficacy of green LED phototherapy and blue LED phototherapy in patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS In this prospective randomized controlled trial, neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were randomly allocated to a green LED or blue LED phototherapy group. Both groups underwent 24 h of phototherapy, and blood was sampled before and after 24 h of phototherapy. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) was measured using enzymatic methods and bilirubin photoisomers were measured on high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Thirty-four infants were randomized (green, n = 16; blue, n = 18). TSB decreased significantly from 15.3 ± 1.5 to 13.9 ± 1.5 mg/dL in the green LED group (P < 0.01) and from 16.2 ± 1.3 to 14.5 ± 1.7 mg/dL in the blue LED group (P < 0.01) after 24 h of phototherapy. No significant difference was found in TSB reduction after phototherapy between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Both light sources produced a significant reduction in TSB, indicating clinical effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kuboi
- Department of Neonatology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Arioka
- Department of Neonatology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kohichiroh Nii
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Takahashi
- Department of Neonatology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamato
- Department of Neonatology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sadamura
- Department of Neonatology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Jinnai
- Department of Neonatology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano
- Department of Neonatology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Itoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Itoh S, Okada H, Kuboi T, Kusaka T. Phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatr Int 2017; 59:959-966. [PMID: 28563973 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 60 years ago in England, phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was used in clinical practice. It was introduced in Japan approximately 50 years ago. At that time, the mechanism underlying the serum bilirubin concentration decrease by phototherapy was still unknown. The mechanism was identified by chemists, biochemists, and pediatricians. Clarification started with the report that unconjugated bilirubin was excreted into bile after photoirradiation in Gunn rats. After confirmation of the molecular structure of bilirubin on X-ray analysis, the mechanism for bile excretion of unconjugated bilirubin was verified based on geometric configurational photoisomers in the Gunn rat. Finally, the reaction and excretion of structural bilirubin photoisomers was proved to be the main mechanism for the decrease in serum bilirubin during phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, which differs from the mechanism in the Gunn rat. The most effective and safest light source and the optimal method to evaluate phototherapy, however, remain unknown. Moreover, as for bronze baby syndrome, which is a well-known adverse reaction to phototherapy, the etiology is unclear. Hence, we review phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia including a fundamental understanding of the bilirubin photochemical reactions, and discuss the subclinical carcinogenic risk of phototherapy and the increased mortality rate of extremely low-birthweight infants due to aggressive phototherapy, which is becoming an increasing problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Itoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Kuboi
- Department of Neonatology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Zentsuji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Okada H, Kawada K, Itoh S, Ozaki M, Kakutani I, Arai T, Koyano K, Yasuda S, Iwase T, Murao K, Kusaka T. Effects of bilirubin photoisomers on the measurement of direct bilirubin by the bilirubin oxidase method. Ann Clin Biochem 2017; 55:276-280. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563217716474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background We occasionally encounter increases in direct bilirubin value on reanalysis of the surplus serum collected in the past from a neonate with indirect hyperbilirubinemia. But the details of this phenomenon are unclear. We evaluated the change of direct bilirubin and the relation of bilirubin photoisomer of the serum exposed to room light. Methods Surplus serum samples from neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia were exposed to room light for 24 h. The bilirubin fraction assay of samples was performed by the bilirubin oxidase method (Nescauto and Aqua-auto Kainos reagent) and high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Direct bilirubin increased significantly from 0.61 to 2.36 mg/dL. The respective ratios of bilirubin photoisomers before and after exposure were as follows: cyclobilirubin (0.007 to 0.29) and (EZ)-bilirubin (0.018 to 0.041) increased significantly, (ZZ)-bilirubin decreased 0.84 to 0.55 significantly. The difference of the cyclobilirubin concentration was most closely associated with those of the direct bilirubin concentration. Conclusion Direct bilirubin value was increased after exposure to the room light, and increase in direct bilirubin was significantly correlated by cyclobilirubin increase in the serum samples from neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kou Kawada
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Itoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Miyo Ozaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Isami Kakutani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Koyano
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Yasuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwase
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Current State and Prospects for Development of Systems for Photodynamic Therapy of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10527-013-9342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Kuboi T, Kusaka T, Yasuda S, Okubo K, Isobe K, Itoh S. Management of phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: is a new radiometer applicable for all wavelengths and light source types? Pediatr Int 2011; 53:689-693. [PMID: 21410595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the clinical effects of phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, it is necessary to measure the rate of cyclobilirubin production, which represents the main photochemical pathway of bilirubin metabolism. Since the Atom Phototherapy Analyzer can be used to calculate the theoretical relative light energy of irradiance as a means of assessing the cyclobilirubin production rate for each wavelength spectrum, the clinical effect of phototherapy can be evaluated regardless of the light source type. Using the Atom Phototherapy Analyzer, the correlation between the irradiance of various light sources with different peak wavelengths and the rate of cyclobilirubin production was investigated in vitro. We also investigated the utility of green LED in vitro. METHODS A bilirubin-albumin complex solution was prepared, poured into tubes, and irradiated using various light sources. All light sources used were bed-type phototherapy devices; that is, green and blue LED and green and blue fluorescence tubes. The concentrations of photoisomers were measured after irradiation and compared with the irradiance of the light sources. RESULTS The irradiance measured by the Atom Phototherapy Analyzer decreased in the following order: blue fluorescence tube > green LED > blue LED > green fluorescence tube. The cyclobilirubin production rates and irradiance values of the light sources were significantly positively correlated (R(2) = 0.93, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the Atom Phototherapy Analyzer can be used to objectively evaluate the effects of phototherapy using various light sources. Further, the effects of green LED were similar to those of other light sources in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kuboi
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Yasuda
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Okubo
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Isobe
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Itoh
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dugave C, Demange L. Cis-trans isomerization of organic molecules and biomolecules: implications and applications. Chem Rev 2003; 103:2475-532. [PMID: 12848578 DOI: 10.1021/cr0104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 753] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dugave
- CEA/Saclay, Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines (DIEP), Bâtiment 152, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- P A Dennery
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Morgan J, Lottman H, Abbou CC, Chopin DK. A comparison of direct and liposomal antibody conjugates of sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines for selective photoimmunotherapy of human bladder carcinoma. Photochem Photobiol 1994; 60:486-96. [PMID: 7800720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to improve the selectivity of photodynamic therapy and for better targeting of tumor cells within specific tumor compartments. Selective in vitro phototoxicity of a human bladder carcinoma cell line 647V has been achieved by targeting sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines (AlSPc) with monoclonal antibodies. Aluminum tetra-3 sulfonyl chloride phthalocyanine (PC) or rhodamine sulfonyl chloride were directly coupled to antibodies by a sulfonamide linkage and AlSPc or carboxyfluorescein were encapsulated in liposomes of the small unilamellar vesicle type (SUV) bearing antibody. Antibody E7 (IgM subclass), which recognized an antigenic determinant expressed on 647V but was absent on T24 a control human bladder carcinoma cell line, and a control IgM antibody were used. The effects of the two types of conjugate were compared. Immunofluorescence studies on living cells demonstrated specific cell surface localization of conjugates at 4 degrees C and internalization at 37 degrees C. Phototoxicity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium) bromide assay after exposing AlSPc-sensitized cells to red light. Significant AlSPc dose-dependent phototoxicity of the order 4 degrees C < 4 degrees C plus 37 degrees C < 37 degrees C was observed with E7-SUV and E7-PC in the range 1-8 microM AlSPc. At equimolar AlSPc doses absolute toxicity was similar for the two conjugate types, but at equimolar antibody doses, the liposomal conjugate was more effective by up to 13-fold. Addition of urine during illumination decreased toxicity, which was attributed to the presence of protective elements. The results suggest that photosensitizers such as AlSPc could be used for antibody-directed therapy and in particular for selectively damaging tumor cells of the epithelial cell compartment in bladder carcinoma by intrabladder administration. The therapeutic ratio, which takes into account both specific and nonspecific toxicity, was greater for the liposome conjugate than for the direct conjugate indicating their greater suitability for in vivo instillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Morgan
- Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales, Creteil, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kanna Y, Arai T, Tokumaru K. Effect of the Binding Sites of Human Serum Albumin on the Efficiency and Photostationary State Isomer Ratios of the Photoisomerization of Bilirubin. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.67.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
22
|
Christensen T, Kinn G, Granli T, Amundsen I. Cells, bilirubin and light: formation of bilirubin photoproducts and cellular damage at defined wavelengths. Acta Paediatr 1994; 83:7-12. [PMID: 8193477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb12943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cultured cells from one human and one murine cell line were treated with bilirubin and irradiated with visible light of different wavelengths, either from phototherapy lamps or from a Xenon/Mercury lamp equipped with a monochromator. Bilirubin bound to human serum albumin was also irradiated with light. After irradiation, the bilirubin and its photoisomers were extracted and analysed with High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. The formation of single strand breaks in the DNA of treated cells was studied using a fluorescence marker. Cytotoxicity in the mouse skin cell line was measured by loss of the ability to form visible colonies in vitro. Green light exposure favours the production of lumirubin, while blue light causes more DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Green light may be more efficient and safer than shorter wavelength exposure when treating jaundiced newborns with phototherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Christensen
- Radiation Medicine Department, Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Osterås
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zmudzka BZ, Strickland AG, Miller SA, Valerie K, Dall'Acqua F, Beer JZ. Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus promoter by UVA radiation in combination with psoralens or angelicins. Photochem Photobiol 1993; 58:226-32. [PMID: 8415914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb09553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mono- and bifunctional furocoumarins plus UVA radiation (PUVA and related treatments) on the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) promoter were studied using HeLa cells stably transfected with the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene under the control of the HIV-1 promoter. The experiments were performed with three psoralens (5-methoxypsoralen, 5-MOP; 8-methoxypsoralen, 8-MOP; and 4'-aminomethyl-4,8,5'-trimethylpsoralen, AMT) and four angelicins (angelicin; 4,5'-dimethylangelicin, 4,5'-DMA; 6,4'-dimethylangelicin, 6,4'-DMA; and 4,6,4'-trimethylangelicin, TMA). The drugs alone and UVA radiation alone showed no effect on the HIV promoter. However, when the cells were incubated with the furocoumarins at 0.1-40 micrograms/mL and then irradiated, the HIV promoter was activated in distinct fluence ranges, i.e. (1) no promoter activity was discernible at low fluences (e.g. at 0.1 microgram/mL of 8-MOP up to 100 kJ/m2), (2) as the fluence was increased, the promoter activity increased to reach a maximum (10-50-fold with respect to the unexposed samples), and (3) as the fluence was further increased, the promoter activity decreased. Similar (although shifted on the fluence scale) patterns were observed with either > 340-nm UVA radiation or with UVA radiation contaminated with a small amount of UVB radiation (typical for PUVA lamps). The effective fluences were inversely related to the drug concentration. Experiments with 5-MOP and 8-MOP indicated reciprocity of the drug concentration and radiation fluence. The HIV promoter response patterns were similar for monofunctional angelicins and bifunctional psoralens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Z Zmudzka
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kanna Y, Arai T, Tokumaru K. Effect of Serum Albumins from Several Mammals on the Photoisomerization of Bilirubin. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1993. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.66.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
25
|
Kanna Y, Arai T, Tokumaru K. Photoisomerization of Bilirubins and the Role of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1993. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.66.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|