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Gambetta C, Massad WA, Nesci AV, García NA. Vitamin B2-sensitized degradation of the multifunctional drug Evernyl, in the presence of visible light – microbiological implications. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTaking into consideration the importance of the photooxidative effects in complex bio- environments, this paper reports on the visible-light-promoted interactions between Evernyl (methyl 2, 4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate, Ev) and vitamin B2 (riboflavin, Rf). Ev is a phenolic derivative, transparent to visible light, that possesses important antimicrobial activity. This compound is the first known natural, complete and specific human androgen receptor antagonist. Ev is profusely employed in personal-care products and synthesized as a secondary metabolite by several lichen and plant species. In both sceneries, acting Ev as a cosmetic component for topic applications or as a lichen constituent, may Rf behave as a native visible-light absorber pigment. In this context, kinetic and mechanistic aspects of the Rf-sensitized photooxidation of Ev, has been studied in aqueous solution, irradiating with blue LED light (463–471 nm) and employing stationary and time resolved methods. Results indicate that Ev reacts with the photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) singlet molecular oxygen with a rate constant of kr=1.1±0.2×106 M−1s−1. In parallel Ev also quenches the electronically excited singlet and triplet excited states of Rf with rate constants close to the difussion limit. As a result the ROS superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide are generated and the latter subsequently reacts with Ev. Possible implications of these photoreactions on the antimicrobial activity of Ev have been investigated employing a Candida albicans (CA) strain, isolated from human skin infection. The simultaneous presence of Rf, Ev in a sub-MIC, and blue-light irradiation produced a significant antimycotic effect, attributed to ROS photogeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gambetta
- 1Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Walter A. Massad
- 1Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Andrea V. Nesci
- 2Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Norman A. García
- 1Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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2
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Kim PW, Rockwell NC, Martin SS, Lagarias JC, Larsen DS. Heterogeneous photodynamics of the pfr state in the cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1. Biochemistry 2014; 53:4601-11. [PMID: 24940993 PMCID: PMC4184438 DOI: 10.1021/bi5005359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
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Femtosecond
photodynamics of the Pfr form of the red/far-red
phytochrome N-terminal PAS-GAF-PHY photosensory core module of the
cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1 (termed Cph1Δ) from Synechocystis were resolved with visible broadband transient
absorption spectroscopy. Multiphasic generation dynamics via global
target analysis revealed parallel evolution of two pathways with distinct
excited- and ground-state kinetics. These measurements resolved two
subpopulations: a majority subpopulation with fast excited-state decay
and slower ground-state dynamics, corresponding to previous descriptions
of Pfr dynamics, and a minority subpopulation with slower
excited-state decay and faster ground-state primary dynamics. Both
excited-state subpopulations generated the isomerized, red-shifted
Lumi-Ff photoproduct (715 nm); subsequent ground-state
evolution to a blue-shifted Meta-Fr population (635 nm)
proceeded on 3 ps and 1.5 ns time scales for the two subpopulations.
Meta-Fr was spectrally similar to a recently described
photoinactive fluorescent subpopulation of Pr (FluorPr). Thus, the reverse Pfr to Pr photoconversion of Cph1Δ involves minor structural deformation
of Meta-Fr to generate the fluorescent, photochemically
refractory form of Pr, with slower subsequent equilibration
with the photoactive Pr subpopulation (PhotoPr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Kim
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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3
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Gensch T, Strassburger JM, Gärtner W, Braslavsky SE. Volume and Enthalpy Changes upon Photoexcitation of Bovine Rhodopsin Derived from Optoacoustic Studies by Using an Equilibrium between Bathorhodopsin and Blue-Shifted Intermediate. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199800025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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4
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Song C, Rohmer T, Tiersch M, Zaanen J, Hughes J, Matysik J. Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy to Probe Photoactivation in Canonical Phytochromes. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:259-73. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Rohmer
- Leids Instituut voor Chemisch Onderzoek; Universiteit Leiden; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Zaanen
- Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics; Universiteit Leiden; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Jon Hughes
- Pflanzenphysiologie; Justus-Liebig-Universität; Giessen; Germany
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Kim PW, Freer LH, Rockwell NC, Martin SS, Lagarias JC, Larsen DS. Femtosecond Photodynamics of the Red/Green Cyanobacteriochrome NpR6012g4 from Nostoc punctiforme. 1. Forward Dynamics. Biochemistry 2012; 51:608-18. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201507k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California
95616, United States
| | - Lucy H. Freer
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California
95616, United States
| | - Nathan C. Rockwell
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California
95616, United States
| | - Shelley S. Martin
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California
95616, United States
| | - J. Clark Lagarias
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California
95616, United States
| | - Delmar S. Larsen
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California
95616, United States
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6
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Gärtner W. Kurt Schaffner: from organic photochemistry to photobiology. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:872-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Rohmer T, Lang C, Bongards C, Gupta KBSS, Neugebauer J, Hughes J, Gärtner W, Matysik J. Phytochrome as Molecular Machine: Revealing Chromophore Action during the Pfr → Pr Photoconversion by Magic-Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4431-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Rohmer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Pflanzenphysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35390 Giessen, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christina Lang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Pflanzenphysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35390 Giessen, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christian Bongards
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Pflanzenphysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35390 Giessen, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Karthick Babu Sai Sankar Gupta
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Pflanzenphysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35390 Giessen, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Pflanzenphysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35390 Giessen, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jon Hughes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Pflanzenphysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35390 Giessen, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gärtner
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Pflanzenphysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35390 Giessen, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Pflanzenphysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35390 Giessen, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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8
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Robben U, Lindner I, Gärtner W. New Open-Chain Tetrapyrroles as Chromophores in the Plant Photoreceptor Phytochrome. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11303-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja076728y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Robben
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ingo Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gärtner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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9
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Femtosecond kinetics of photoconversion of the higher plant photoreceptor phytochrome carrying native and modified chromophores. Biophys J 2008; 94:4370-82. [PMID: 18199671 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.091652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoprocesses of native (phyA of oat), and of C-terminally truncated recombinant phytochromes, assembled instead of the native phytochromobilin with phycocyanobilin (PCB-65 kDa-phy) and iso-phycocyanobilin (iso-PCB-65 kDa-phy) chromophores, have been studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in both their red absorbing phytochrome (P(r)) and far-red absorbing phytochrome (P(fr)) forms. Native P(r) phytochrome shows an excitation wavelength dependence of the kinetics with three main picosecond components. The formation kinetics of the first ground-state intermediate I(700), absorbing at approximately 690 nm, is mainly described by 28 ps or 40 ps components in native and PCB phytochrome, respectively, whereas additional approximately 15 and 50 ps components describe conformational dynamics and equilibria among different local minima on the excited-state hypersurface. No significant amount of I(700) formation can be observed on our timescale for iso-PCB phytochrome. We suggest that iso-PCB-65 kDa-phy either interacts with the protein differently leading to a more twisted and/or less protonated configuration, or undergoes P(r) to P(fr) isomerization primarily via a different configurational pathway, largely circumventing I(700) as an intermediate. The isomerization process is accompanied by strong coherent oscillations due to wavepacket motion on the excited-state surface for both phytochrome forms. The femto- to (sub-)nanosecond kinetics of the P(fr) forms is again quite similar for the native and the PCB phytochromes. After an ultrafast excited-state relaxation within approximately 150 fs, the chromophores return to the first ground-state intermediate in 400-800 fs followed by two additional ground-state intermediates which are formed with 2-3 ps and approximately 400 ps lifetimes. We call the first ground-state intermediate in native phytochrome I(fr 750), due to its pronounced absorption at that wavelength. The other intermediates are termed I(fr 675) and pseudo-P(r). The absorption spectrum of the latter already closely resembles the absorption of the P(r) chromophore. PCB-65 kDa-phy shows a very similar kinetics, although many of the detailed spectral features in the transients seen in native phy are blurred, presumably due to wider inhomogeneous distribution of the chromophore conformation. Iso-PCB-65 kDa-phy shows similar features to the PCB-65 kDa-phy, with some additional blue-shift of the transient spectra of approximately 10 nm. The sub-200 fs component is, however, absent, and the picosecond lifetimes are somewhat longer than in 124 kDa phytochrome or in PCB-65 kDa-phy. We interpret the data within the framework of two- and three-dimensional potential energy surface diagrams for the photoisomerization processes and the ground-state intermediates involved in the two photoconversions.
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10
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Schmidt P, Gertsch T, Remberg A, Gärtner W, Braslavsky SE, Schaffner K. The Complexity of the Prto PfrPhototransformation Kinetics Is an Intrinsic Property of Native Phytochrome*. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb02541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Teuchner K, Schulz M, Stiel H, Maisch M, Rudiger W. EXCITED STATE BEHAVIOR OF PHYTOCHROME Pr. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb02411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Michler I, Braslavsky SE. Time-resolved Thermodynamic Analysis of the Oat Phytochrome A Phototransformation. A Photothermal Beam Deflection Study†¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740624trtaot2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Knipp B, Kneip K, Matysik J, Gärtner W, Hildebrandt P, Braslavsky SE, Schaffner K. Regioselective Deuteration and Resonance Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Biliverdin and Phycocyanobilin. Chemistry 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Durbeej B, Eriksson LA. Protein-bound chromophores astaxanthin and phytochromobilin: excited state quantum chemical studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:4053-71. [PMID: 17028694 DOI: 10.1039/b605682b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an overview of excited state quantum chemical calculations aimed at elucidating controversial issues regarding the photochemistry of the protein-bound chromophores astaxanthin and phytochromobilin. In particular, we show how the application of time-dependent density functional theory and other single-reference quantum chemical excited state methods have contributed to shed new light on the origin of the >0.5 eV bathochromic shift of the electronic absorption by the carotenoid astaxanthin in the protein macromolecular complex crustacyanin, and the mechanism for C15-Z,syn --> C15-E,anti isomerization of the tetrapyrrole phytochromobilin that underlies the photoactivation of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome. Within the approximation that exciton coupling is neglected, the calculations on astaxanthin provide support for the notion that the bathochromic shift, which is responsible for the slate-blue coloration of lobster shell, is due to polarization rather than a conformational change of the chromophore in the protein-bound state. Furthermore, the polarization is attributed to a hydrogen-bonded protonated histidine residue. The calculations on phytochromobilin, in turn, suggest that a stepwise C15-Z,syn --> C15-E,syn (photochemical), C15-E,syn --> C15-E,anti (thermal) mechanism is much more favorable than a concerted, fully photochemical mechanism, and that neutral forms of the chromophore are much less likely to photoisomerize than the parent, protonated form. Accordingly, the calculations indirectly support the view that the photoactivation of phytochrome does not involve a proton transfer from the chromophore to the surrounding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Durbeej
- Department of Chemistry, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
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Heyne K, Herbst J, Stehlik D, Esteban B, Lamparter T, Hughes J, Diller R. Ultrafast dynamics of phytochrome from the cyanobacterium synechocystis, reconstituted with phycocyanobilin and phycoerythrobilin. Biophys J 2002; 82:1004-16. [PMID: 11806940 PMCID: PMC1301907 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy was employed to characterize for the first time the primary photoisomerization dynamics of a bacterial phytochrome system in the two thermally stable states of the photocycle. The 85-kDa phytochrome Cph1 from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 expressed in Escherichia coli was reconstituted with phycocyanobilin (Cph1-PCB) and phycoerythrobilin (Cph1-PEB). The red-light-absorbing form Pr of Cph1-PCB shows an approximately 150 fs relaxation in the S(1) state after photoexcitation at 650 nm. The subsequent Z-E isomerization between rings C and D of the linear tetrapyrrole-chromophore is best described by a distribution of rate constants with the first moment at (16 ps)(-1). Excitation at 615 nm leads to a slightly broadened distribution. The reverse E-Z isomerization, starting from the far-red-absorbing form Pfr, is characterized by two shorter time constants of 0.54 and 3.2 ps. In the case of Cph1-PEB, double-bond isomerization does not take place, and the excited-state lifetime extends into the nanosecond regime. Besides a stimulated emission rise time between 40 and 150 fs, no fast relaxation processes are observed. This suggests that the chromophore-protein interaction along rings A, B, and C does not contribute much to the picosecond dynamics observed in Cph1-PCB but rather the region around ring D near the isomerizing C(15) [double bond] C(16) double bond. The primary reaction dynamics of Cph1-PCB at ambient temperature is found to exhibit very similar features as those described for plant type A phytochrome, i.e., a relatively slow Pr, and a fast Pfr, photoreaction. This suggests that the initial reactions were established already before evolution of plant phytochromes began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Heyne
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Michler I, Braslavsky SE. Time-resolved thermodynamic analysis of the oat phytochrome A phototransformation. A photothermal beam deflection study. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 74:624-35. [PMID: 11683044 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0624:trtaot>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The time-resolved enthalpy and the structural volume changes after excitation of native oat phytochrome A were studied in the micro- to milliseconds range by photothermal beam deflection (PBD), a technique that follows the time-resolved refractive index changes upon decay of the excited species. The first set of intermediates, I700(1) and I700(2), stores ca 83% of the energy of the first excited state, in agreement with previous optoacoustic data, whereas the second set stores only ca 18%. The temperature dependence of the amplitudes ratio for the optical absorbances of the (I700(1) + I700(2)) intermediates set is explained on the basis of the thermochromic equilibrium between Pr,657 and Pr,672, which also is in line with the present PBD data. These data were best fitted with a parallel mechanism (with equal yield in each branch) for the production of the first set of intermediates, I700(1) and I700(2), as well as the second set of intermediates, Ibl1 and Ibl2. Thus, the final steps toward Pfr should be largely driven by positive entropic changes brought about by protein movements, in line with previous resonance Raman data. For the production of the first set of intermediates (I700(1) and I700(2)) an expansion of 18 +/- 13 mL mol-1 was determined, and a further expansion > or = 7 mL mol-1 was estimated for the decay from I700(1) to the set of Ibl intermediates, indicating that the far red-absorbing form of phytochrome (Pfr) has a larger volume than the red-absorbing form of phytochrome. This is in agreement with previous chromatographic and circular dichroism data according to which Pfr shows a larger volume and the chromophore shows a higher accessibility, respectively, in the Pfr state.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Michler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 10 13 65, D-45473 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Gorb L, Korkin A, Leszczynski J, Varnek A, Mark F, Schaffner K. Theoretical ab initio and semiempirical studies on biologically important di- and oligopyrrolic compounds. Pyrromethenone and biliverdin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(97)00165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gensch T, Hellingwerf KJ, Braslavsky SE, Schaffner K. Photoequilibrium in the Primary Steps of the Photoreceptors Phytochrome A and Photoactive Yellow Protein. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972944p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gensch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and Department of Microbiology, E.C. Slater Institute, University of Amsterdam, NL-1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas J. Hellingwerf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and Department of Microbiology, E.C. Slater Institute, University of Amsterdam, NL-1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia E. Braslavsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and Department of Microbiology, E.C. Slater Institute, University of Amsterdam, NL-1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kurt Schaffner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and Department of Microbiology, E.C. Slater Institute, University of Amsterdam, NL-1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Rentsch S, Hermann G, Bischoff M, Strehlow D, Rentsch M. Femtosecond Spectroscopic Studies on the Red Light-Absorbing Form of Oat Phytochrome and 2,3-Dihydrobiliverdin. Photochem Photobiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Remberg A, Lindner I, Lamparter T, Hughes J, Kneip C, Hildebrandt P, Braslavsky SE, Gärtner W, Schaffner K. Raman spectroscopic and light-induced kinetic characterization of a recombinant phytochrome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis. Biochemistry 1997; 36:13389-95. [PMID: 9341232 DOI: 10.1021/bi971563z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A phytochrome-encoding cDNA from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis has been heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and reconstituted into functional chromoproteins by incubation with either phycocyanobilin (PCB) or phytochromobilin (PPhiB). These materials were studied by Raman spectroscopy and nanosecond flash photolysis. The Raman spectra suggest far-reaching similarities in chromophore configuration and conformation between the Pfr forms of Synechocystis phytochrome and the plant phytochromes (e.g. phyA from oat), but some differences, such as torsions around methine bridges and in hydrogen bonding interactions, in the Pr state. Synechocystis phytochrome (PCB) undergoes a multistep photoconversion reminiscent of the phyA Pr --> Pfr transformation but with different kinetics. The first process resolved is the decay of an intermediate with red-shifted absorption (relative to parent state) and a 25-micros lifetime. The next observable intermediate grows in with 300 (+/-25) micros and decays with 6-8 ms. The final state (Pfr) is formed biexponentially (450 ms, 1 s). When reconstituted with PPhiB, the first decay of this Synechocystis phytochrome is biexponential (5 and 25 micros). The growth of the second intermediate is slower (750 micros) than that in the PCB adduct whereas the decays of both species are similar. The formation of the Pfr form required fitting with three components (350 ms, 2.5 s, and 11 s). H/D Exchange in Synechocystis phytochrome (PCB) delays, by an isotope effect of 2.7, both growth (300 micros) and decay rates (6-8 ms) of the second intermediate. This effect is larger than values determined for phyA (ca. 1.2) and is characteristic of a rate-limiting proton transfer. The formation of the Pfr state of the PCB adduct of Synechocystis phytochrome shows a deuterium effect similar as phyA (ca. 1.2). Activation energies of the second intermediate in the range 0-18 degrees C are 44 (in H2O/buffer) and 48 kJ mol-1 (D2O), with essentially identical pre-exponential factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Remberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 101365, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Ruddat A, Schmidt P, Gatz C, Braslavsky SE, Gärtner W, Schaffner K. Recombinant type A and B phytochromes from potato. Transient absorption spectroscopy. Biochemistry 1997; 36:103-11. [PMID: 8993323 DOI: 10.1021/bi962012w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cDNAs encoding full-length type A and B phytochromes (phyA and phyB, respectively) from potato were expressed in inducible yeast systems (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris). In addition, a deletion mutant of phyB (delta 1-74) was expressed. The apoproteins were reconstituted into chromoproteins by incorporation of the native chromophore, phytochromobilin (P phi B), and of phycocyanobilin (PCB). The incorporation of P phi B yielded chromoproteins with difference absorptions lambda max at 660 and 712 nm (Pr and Pfr, respectively) for phyA, and at 665 and 723 nm for phyB. All difference maxima of PCB phytochromes are blue-shifted by several nanometers with respect to those obtained with the P phi B chromophore. The deletion construct with PCB shows difference absorption maxima at 652 and 705 nm with the Pfr absorbance considerably reduced. Time-resolved kinetic analysis of a phyB-type phytochrome by nanosecond flash photolysis was performed for the first time. Recombinant full-length phyB afforded transient absorbance changes similar (but not identical) to those of phyA from Avena, whereas the kinetic behavior of these intermediates was very different. Contrary to phyA from Avena, the I700 intermediate from phyB reconstituted with either PCB or P phi B decayed following single exponential kinetics with a lifetime of 87 or 84 microseconds, respectively, at 10 degrees C. The formation of Pfr of PCB-containing recombinant phyB (phyB-PCB) could be fitted with three lifetimes of 9, 127, and 728 ms. The corresponding lifetimes of phyB-P phi B are 22.5, 343, and 2083 ms. Whereas for phyB-PCB all three millisecond lifetimes are related to the formation of Pfr, the 2 s component of phyB-P phi B is concomitant with a rapid recovery of Pr. For recombinant potato phyA and delta 1-74 phyB, no time-resolved data could be obtained due to the limited quantities available. As described for phytochromes of other dicotelydons, the Pfr forms of full-length phyA and PhyB of potato underwent rapid dark conversion to Pr.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruddat
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Foerstendorf H, Mummert E, Schäfer E, Scheer H, Siebert F. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of phytochrome: difference spectra of the intermediates of the photoreactions. Biochemistry 1996; 35:10793-9. [PMID: 8718870 DOI: 10.1021/bi960960r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The photocycle of 124 kDa phytochrome A from Avena sativa was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at low temperatures. Difference spectra between the parent state Pr and the intermediates of the Pr-->Pfr pathway, i.e. lumi-R, meta-Ra, and meta-Rc, and between Pfr and the intermediates of the Pfr-->Pr pathway, lumi-F and meta-F, were obtained in 1H2O and 2H2O for the first time. Each spectrum shows characteristic spectral features which allow a clear distinction between the different intermediates. A general feature is that greater changes occur with increasing temperature, i.e. at the later steps of the photoreactions. Nevertheless, the changes in the spectral regions of the protein (amide I and amide II) were found to be surprisingly small, excluding larger conformational changes of the protein. All spectra of the intermediates are characterized by a strong negative band around 1700 cm-1. This band is tentatively assigned to the C = O stretch of ring D of the chromophore. Since it is not observed in the difference spectra between the parent states, it is concluded that ring D is located in a similar molecular environment in Pr and Pfr. In the photoproducts lumi-R and lumi-F, this band undergoes an upshift to 1720 cm-1. The high frequencies suggest that the chromophore is protonated in these intermediates as well as in Pr and Pfr.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Foerstendorf
- Institut für Biophysik und Strahlenbiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Gensch T, Churio MS, Braslavsky SE, Schaffner K. Primary Quantum Yield and Volume Change of Phytochrome-A Phototransformation Determined by Laser-Induced Optoacoustic Spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb09621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schmidt P, Westphal UH, Worm K, Braslavsky SE, Gärtner W, Schaffner K. Chromophore-protein interaction controls the complexity of the phytochrome photocycle. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1996; 34:73-7. [PMID: 8765662 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(95)07269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A new protocol for the preparation of recombinant phytochromes results in significantly higher yields which, for the first time, have made kinetic studies possible. Flash photolysis with nanosecond laser excitation reveals that, in recombinant and native phytochromes, the decay kinetics of the primary photoproducts I700i and the kinetics of the formation of the Pfr form are similar. Phycocyanobilin-containing recombinant phytochrome, however, shows only a monoexponential decay of the I700 intermediate with a time constant of approximately 90 microseconds, and a biexponential formation of the Pfr form, albeit with time constants (approximately 13 and 100 ms) somewhat shorter than those from native phytochrome. Thus the seemingly small structural modification of the chromophore (substitution of the native vinyl for an ethyl group) has a profound influence on the availability of protein conformational rearrangement pathways. The result is therefore of general interest in chromoprotein dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Iwakami S, Yoshizawa N, Hamaguchi HO, Inoue Y, Manabe K. Spectral properties and photoactivities of intermediates of photoconversion from the red-light-absorbing to far-red-light-absorbing form of pea phytochrome. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(95)07252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sineshchekov VA. Photobiophysics and photobiochemistry of the heterogeneous phytochrome system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - BIOENERGETICS 1995; 1228:125-164. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(94)00173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
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Photobiophysics and photobiochemistry of the heterogeneous phytochrome system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)00173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schulenberg PJ, Gärtner W, Braslavsky SE. A possible protein motion during the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle detected by combined photothermal beam deflection and optical detection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lindemann P, Braslavsky SE, Cordonnier MM, Pratt LH, Schaffner K. Effects of bound monoclonal antibodies on the decay of the phototransformation intermediates I700(1,2) from native Avena phytochrome. Photochem Photobiol 1993; 58:417-24. [PMID: 8234477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb09584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the microsecond phototransformation intermediates of 124 kDa Avena phytochrome (I700(1,2) were studied in the presence of bound monoclonal antibodies at various temperatures. A global analysis was applied to the decays at all wavelengths at each temperature in order to derive the rate constants and the decay-associated spectra of the three decay components. Monoclonal antibodies bound to specific epitopes altered the Arrhenius parameters of both I700(1,2) decay components. The strongest influence on these parameters was observed with OAT 8 (epitope between residues 624 and 686), which decreased by more than 50% the activation parameters of both components. This decrease is interpreted to result from an increased flexibility induced by this antibody in the ground state or in the transition state of bonds changing during the decay of both I700 transients. Thus, the OAT 8 epitope appears to be functionally important during the decay of the I700(1,2) intermediates. For the case of I700(1), bound OAT 23 and OAT 25 (epitopes between residues 1 and 66) reduced even further the relatively small flexibility of these bonds in the red light-absorbing form of phytochrome (Pr) without antibodies, as reflected by the high preexponential factors for its decay. This resulted also in higher activation energies for this decay in the presence of the antibodies. Thus, the amino-terminus should act as a rigid spacer of the chromophore cavity without affecting it during the microsecond transformation, because the Arrhenius parameters for these decays are similar to those for small phytochrome. The possible implications of the influence of the various antibodies on the bleaching remaining after the decay of I700(1,2) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lindemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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