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A simple strategy to enhance the luminescence of metal nanoclusters and its application for turn-on detection of 2-thiouracil and hyaluronidase. Talanta 2022; 236:122876. [PMID: 34635256 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) as promising nanomaterials for sensing applications have attracted significant attention because of their unique photoluminescence properties. However, the quantum yields of metal NCs are still relatively low when compared to conventional quantum dots and organic dyes, posing a major obstacle to their assay application. It is challenging but important to pursue a way to improve the luminescence of metal NCs. In this work, we developed a novel strategy to enhance the luminescence of silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) based on the binding with 6-aza-2-thiothymine (ATT) via Au3+ bridging. We studied the possible mechanism of this binding-induced luminescence enhancement and attributed it to the ligands rigidifying. Since 2-thiouracil (2-TU), a common anticancer, antithyroid, and antiviral agent, featured a similar molecular structure of ATT, this luminescence enhancement strategy can be designed to sensitive and selective turn-on detect 2-TU. As far as we know, this is the first report for the fluorescent turn-on detect 2-TU. Benefiting from the good performance of this method and the advantages of fluorescence assay, intracellular imaging of 2-TU, which has yet to be achieved based on currently developed analytical methods for 2-TU, was carried out via our approach. Moreover, to further expand the sensing application of the developed luminescence enhancement method, we constructed a universal detection platform. Taking hyaluronidase as a target, the feasibility of the detection platform was confirmed. The discoveries in this study offer a simple route to improve the optical properties of NCs and design their sensing applications.
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Bai S, Barbatti M. Mechanism of enhanced triplet decay of thionucleobase by glycosylation and rate-modulating strategies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16428-16436. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of the sugar group can be used to control the triplet decay rate of thionucleosides.
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Koyama D, Milner MJ, Orr-Ewing AJ. Evidence for a Double Well in the First Triplet Excited State of 2-Thiouracil. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9274-9280. [PMID: 28895733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The computationally predicted presence of two structurally distinct minima in the first triplet excited (T1) state of 2-thiouracil (2TU) is substantiated by sub-picosecond transient vibrational absorption spectroscopy (TVAS) in deuterated acetonitrile solution. Following 300 nm ultraviolet excitation to the second singlet excited state of 2TU, a transient infrared absorption band centered at 1643 cm-1 is observed within our minimum time resolution of 0.3 ps. It is assigned either to 2TU molecules in the S1 state or to vibrationally hot T1-state molecules, with the latter assignment more consistent with recent computational and experimental studies. The 1643 cm-1 band decays with a time constant of 7.2 ± 0.8 ps, and there is corresponding growth of several further bands centered at 1234, 1410, 1424, 1443, 1511, 1626, and 1660 cm-1 which show no decline in intensity over the 1 ns time limit of our measurements. These spectral features are assigned to two different conformations of 2TU, corresponding to separate energy minima on the T1-state potential energy surface, on the basis of their extended lifetimes, computed infrared frequencies, and the observed quenching of the bands by addition of styrene. Corresponding measurements for the 4-thiouracil (4TU) isomer show sub-picosecond population of the T1 state, which vibrationally cools with a time constant of 5.2 ± 0.6 ps. However, TVAS measurements in the carbonyl stretching region do not distinguish the two computed T1-state conformers of 4TU because of the similarity of their vibrational frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koyama
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Matthew J Milner
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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Mai S, Marquetand P, González L. A Static Picture of the Relaxation and Intersystem Crossing Mechanisms of Photoexcited 2-Thiouracil. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9524-33. [PMID: 26284285 PMCID: PMC4568544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Accurate excited-state quantum chemical calculations on 2-thiouracil, employing large active spaces and up to quadruple-ζ quality basis sets in multistate complete active space perturbation theory calculations, are reported. The results suggest that the main relaxation path for 2-thiouracil after photoexcitation should be S2 → S1 → T2 → T1, and that this relaxation occurs on a subpicosecond time scale. There are two deactivation pathways from the initially excited bright S2 state to S1, one of which is nearly barrierless and should promote ultrafast internal conversion. After relaxation to the S1 minimum, small singlet-triplet energy gaps and spin-orbit couplings of about 130 cm(-1) are expected to facilitate intersystem crossing to T2, from where very fast internal conversion to T1 occurs. An important finding is that 2-thiouracil shows strong pyramidalization at the carbon atom of the thiocarbonyl group in several excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Pollum M, Crespo-Hernández CE. Communication: the dark singlet state as a doorway state in the ultrafast and efficient intersystem crossing dynamics in 2-thiothymine and 2-thiouracil. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:071101. [PMID: 24559331 DOI: 10.1063/1.4866447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond broadband transient absorption experiments are reported for 2-thiothymine and 2-thiouracil in aqueous buffer solution and in acetonitrile. It is shown that the S1(nπ*) state acts as a doorway state in the ultrafast and efficient population of the T1(ππ*) state upon 316 nm excitation. A sequential kinetic model is presented to explain the excited-state dynamics in 2-thiothymine and 2-thiouracil upon UVA excitation: S2(ππ*) → S1(nπ*) → T1(ππ*). The experimental results are also used to scrutinize the excited-state relaxation pathways recently predicted for 2-thiouracil at the CASPT2//CASSCF level of theory [G. Cui and W. Fang, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 044315 (2013)]. The efficient population of the T1(ππ*) state for both 2-thiothymine and 2-thiouracil in a few hundreds of femtoseconds lends further support to the emerging idea that thiobase derivatives exhibit photo-toxic properties that can be effectively harnessed in photo-chemotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Pollum
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Dynamics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Carlos E Crespo-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Dynamics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Relaxation of the T1 excited state of 2-thiothymine, its riboside and deoxyriboside-enhanced nonradiative decay rate induced by sugar substituent. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Photochemistry of Nucleic Acid Bases and Their Thio- and Aza-Analogues in Solution. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 355:245-327. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Seliger J, Žagar V, Latosińska M, Latosińska JN. Electron Configuration and Hydrogen-Bonding Pattern in Several Thymine and Uracil Analogues Studied by 1H–14N NQDR and DFT/QTAIM. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:8793-804. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janez Seliger
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Dunajska 156, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veselko Žagar
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magdalena Latosińska
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań,
Poland
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Khvorostov A, Lapinski L, Rostkowska H, Nowak MJ. UV-Induced Generation of Rare Tautomers of 2-Thiouracils: A Matrix Isolation Study. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:7700-7. [PMID: 16834144 DOI: 10.1021/jp051940e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unimolecular photoisomerization reactions were studied for 2-thiouracil, 6-aza-2-thiothymine, 1-methyl-2-thiouracil, and 3-methyl-2-thiouracil isolated in low-temperature Ar matrixes. The IR spectra have revealed that before UV irradiation all the matrix-isolated compounds adopted exclusively the oxo-thione tautomeric form. Upon UV (lambda > 320 nm) irradiation of the matrixes, two oxo-thiol photoproducts were generated for monomeric 2-thiouracil as well as for monomeric 6-aza-2-thiothymine. Generation of these products corresponds to transfer of a proton from either the N(1)-H or N(3)-H group to the sulfur atom of the C(2)=S thiocarbonyl moiety. The first of the above reactions was photoreversible. As a consequence, after prolonged UV irradiation most of the material was transformed into the oxo-thiol-N(1)H form. The hydroxy-thiol tautomers of 2-thiouracil and 6-aza-2-thiothymine were also photogenerated as minor products. For 1-methyl-2-thiouracil and 3-methyl-2-thiouracil, thione --> thiol phototautomeric reactions yielded the oxo-thiol isomers of the compounds. Since these reactions were photoreversible, the final stages of the photoinduced processes corresponded, for both methylated 2-thiouracils, to photostationary states. All the products of the investigated photoreactions were identified by comparison of their IR spectra with the spectra calculated at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(2d,p) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Khvorostov
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Takahashi A, Ohnishi K, Takahashi S, Masukawa M, Sekikawa K, Amano T, Nakano T, Nagaoka S, Ohnishi T. The effects of microgravity on induced mutation in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2001; 28:555-561. [PMID: 11799988 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether microgravity influences the induced-mutation frequencies through in vivo experiments during space flight aboard the space shuttle Discovery (STS-91). We prepared dried samples of repair-deficient strains and parental strains of Escherichia (E.) coli and Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae given DNA damage treatment. After culture in space, we measured the induced-mutation frequencies and SOS-responses under microgravity. The experimental findings indicate that almost the same induced-mutation frequencies and SOS-responses of space samples were observed in both strains compared with the ground control samples. It is suggested that microgravity might not influence induced-mutation frequencies and SOS-responses at the stages of DNA replication and/or DNA repair. In addition, we developed a new experimental apparatus for space experiments to culture and freeze stocks of E. coli and S. cerevisiae cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Lapiński L, Nowak MJ, Kwiatkowski JS, Leszczynski J. Phototautomeric Reaction, Tautomerism, and Infrared Spectra of 6-Thiopurine. Experimental Matrix Isolation and Quantum-Mechanical (Conventional ab Initio and Density-Functional Theory) Studies. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982805n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Lapiński
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland, Institute of Physics, Nicholas Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland, Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modeling, University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland, and the Computational Center for Molecular Structure and Interactions, Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - Maciej J. Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland, Institute of Physics, Nicholas Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland, Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modeling, University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland, and the Computational Center for Molecular Structure and Interactions, Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - Józef S. Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland, Institute of Physics, Nicholas Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland, Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modeling, University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland, and the Computational Center for Molecular Structure and Interactions, Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland, Institute of Physics, Nicholas Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland, Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modeling, University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland, and the Computational Center for Molecular Structure and Interactions, Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
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