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Smythers AL, Crislip JR, Slone DR, Flinn BB, Chaffins JE, Camp KA, McFeeley EW, Kolling DRJ. Excess manganese increases photosynthetic activity via enhanced reducing center and antenna plasticity in Chlorella vulgaris. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11301. [PMID: 37438371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis relies on many easily oxidizable/reducible transition metals found in the metalloenzymes that make up much of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (ETC). One of these is manganese, an essential cofactor of photosystem II (PSII) and a component of the oxygen-evolving complex, the only biological entity capable of oxidizing water. Additionally, manganese is a cofactor in enzymatic antioxidants, notably the superoxide dismutases-which are localized to the chloroplastic membrane. However, unlike other metals found in the photosynthetic ETC, previous research has shown exposure to excess manganese enhances photosynthetic activity rather than diminishing it. In this study, the impact of PSII heterogeneity on overall performance was investigated using chlorophyll fluorescence, a rapid, non-invasive technique that probed for overall photosynthetic efficiency, reducing site activity, and antenna size and distribution. These measurements unveiled an enhanced plasticity of PSII following excess manganese exposure, in which overall performance and reducing center activity increased while antenna size and proportion of PSIIβ centers decreased. This enhanced activity suggests manganese may hold the key to improving photosynthetic efficiency beyond that which is observed in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Smythers
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Danielle R Slone
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Brendin B Flinn
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | | | - Kristen A Camp
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Eli W McFeeley
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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Deschaseaux E, Hardefeldt J, Jones G, Reichelt-Brushett A. High zinc exposure leads to reduced dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) levels in both the host and endosymbionts of the reef-building coral Acropora aspera. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:93-100. [PMID: 29421139 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a biogenic compound that could be involved in metal detoxification in both the host and endosymbionts of symbiotic corals. Acropora aspera, a common reef-building coral of the Great Barrier Reef, was exposed to zinc doses from 10 to 1000μg/L over 96h, with zinc being a low-toxic trace metal commonly used in the shipping industry. Over time, significantly lower DMSP concentrations relative to the control were found in both the host and symbionts in the highest zinc treatment where zinc uptake by both partners of the symbiosis was the highest. This clearly indicates that DMSP was consumed or stopped being produced under high and extended zinc exposure. This drop in DMSP was first observed in the host tissue, suggesting that the coral host was the first to respond to metal contamination. Such decrease in DMSP concentrations could influence the long-term health of corals under zinc exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Deschaseaux
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Jannah Hardefeldt
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Graham Jones
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Amanda Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
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Markou G, Dao LH, Muylaert K, Beardall J. Influence of different degrees of N limitation on photosystem II performance and heterogeneity of Chlorella vulgaris. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gene expression plasticity as a mechanism of coral adaptation to a variable environment. Nat Ecol Evol 2016; 1:14. [PMID: 28812568 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation is ubiquitous, but the molecular mechanisms that give rise to this ecological phenomenon remain largely unknown. A year-long reciprocal transplant of mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) between a highly environmentally variable inshore habitat and a more stable offshore habitat demonstrated that populations exhibit phenotypic signatures that are consistent with local adaptation. We characterized the genomic basis of this adaptation in both coral hosts and their intracellular symbionts (Symbiodinium sp.) using genome-wide gene expression profiling. Populations differed primarily in their capacity for plasticity: following transplantation to a novel environment, inshore-origin coral expression profiles became significantly more similar to the local population's profiles than those in offshore-origin corals. Furthermore, elevated plasticity of the environmental stress response expression was correlated with lower susceptibility to a natural summer bleaching event, suggesting that plasticity is adaptive in the inshore environment. Our results reveal a novel genomic mechanism of resilience to a variable environment, demonstrating that corals are capable of a more diverse molecular response to stress than previously thought.
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“Super-quenching” state protects Symbiodinium from thermal stress — Implications for coral bleaching. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:840-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Integral Light-Harvesting Complex Expression In Symbiodinium Within The Coral Acropora aspera Under Thermal Stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25081. [PMID: 27117333 PMCID: PMC4846871 DOI: 10.1038/srep25081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reef success is largely dependent on the symbiosis between coral hosts and dinoflagellate symbionts belonging to the genus Symbiodinium. Elevated temperatures can result in the expulsion of Symbiodinium or loss of their photosynthetic pigments and is known as coral bleaching. It has been postulated that the expression of light-harvesting protein complexes (LHCs), which bind chlorophylls (chl) and carotenoids, are important in photobleaching. This study explored the effect a sixteen-day thermal stress (increasing daily from 25–34 °C) on integral LHC (chlorophyll a-chlorophyll c2-peridinin protein complex (acpPC)) gene expression in Symbiodinium within the coral Acropora aspera. Thermal stress leads to a decrease in Symbiodinium photosynthetic efficiency by day eight, while symbiont density was significantly lower on day sixteen. Over this time period, the gene expression of five SymbiodiniumacpPC genes was quantified. Three acpPC genes exhibited up-regulated expression when corals were exposed to temperatures above 31.5 °C (acpPCSym_1:1, day sixteen; acpPCSym_15, day twelve; and acpPCSym_18, day ten and day sixteen). In contrast, the expression of acpPCSym_5:1 and acpPCSym_10:1 was unchanged throughout the experiment. Interestingly, the three acpPC genes with increased expression cluster together in a phylogenetic analysis of light-harvesting complexes.
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