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Singh S, Halder A, Sinha O, Chakrabarty N, Chatterjee T, Adhikari A, Singh P, Shikha D, Ghosh R, Banerjee A, Das Mahapatra PP, Mandhar A, Bhattacharyya M, Bose S, Ahmed SA, Alharbi A, Hameed AM, Pal SK. Spectroscopic Studies on the Biomolecular Recognition of Toluidine Blue: Key Information Towards Development of a Non-Contact, Non-Invasive Device for Oral Cancer Detection. Front Oncol 2020; 10:529132. [PMID: 33194588 PMCID: PMC7653096 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.529132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular interaction of aromatic dyes with biological macromolecules are important for the development of minimally invasive disease diagnostic biotechnologies. In the present work, we have used Toluidine Blue (TB) as a model dye, which is a well-known staining agent for the diagnosis of oral cancer and have studied the interaction of various biological macromolecules (protein and DNA) with the dye at different pH. Our spectroscopic studies confirm that TB interacts with Human Serum Albumin (HSA), a model protein at very high pH conditions which is very hard to achieve physiologically. On the other hand, TB significantly interacts with the DNA at physiological pH value (7.4). Our molecular studies strengthen the understanding of the Toluidine Blue staining of cancer cells, where the relative ratio of the nucleic acids is higher than the normal intracellular content. We have also developed a non-invasive, non-contact spectroscopic technique to explore the possibility of quantitatively detecting oral cancer by exploiting the interaction of TB with DNA. We have also reported development of a prototype named "Oral-O-Scope" for the detection of Oral cancer and have carried out human studies using the prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendra Singh
- Center for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.,Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Animesh Halder
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India.,Department of Applied Optics and Photonics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Oindrila Sinha
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Nilasha Chakrabarty
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Aniruddha Adhikari
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Deep Shikha
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Ria Ghosh
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Amit Mandhar
- Department of MedTech R&D, Webel BCC&I Tech Incubation Center, Ezerx Health Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata, India
| | | | - Surajit Bose
- Department of Dentistry, Bharat Sevashram Sangha Hospital, Kolkata, India.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSDJ Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India.,Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Huang YY, Balasubramanian T, Yang E, Luo D, Diers JR, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS, Holten D, Hamblin MR. Stable synthetic bacteriochlorins for photodynamic therapy: role of dicyano peripheral groups, central metal substitution (2H, Zn, Pd), and Cremophor EL delivery. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:2155-67. [PMID: 23065820 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of four stable synthetic bacteriochlorins was tested in vitro in HeLa cells for their potential in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The parent bacteriochlorin (BC), dicyano derivative (NC)(2)BC and corresponding zinc chelate (NC)(2)BC-Zn and palladium chelate (NC)(2)BC-Pd were studied. Direct dilution of a solution of bacteriochlorin in an organic solvent (N,N-dimethylacetamide) into serum-containing medium was compared with the dilution of bacteriochlorin in Cremophor EL (CrEL; polyoxyethylene glycerol triricinoleate) micelles into the same medium. CrEL generally reduced aggregation (as indicated by absorption and fluorescence) and increased activity up to tenfold (depending on bacteriochlorin), although it decreased cellular uptake. The order of PDT activity against HeLa human cancer cells after 24 h incubation and illumination with 10 J cm(-2) of near-infrared (NIR) light is (NC)(2)BC-Pd (LD(50)=25 nM) > (NC)(2)BC > (NC)(2)BC-Zn ≈ BC. Subcellular localization was determined to be in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lysosomes, depending on the bacteriochlorin. (NC)(2)BC-Pd showed PDT-mediated damage to mitochondria and lysosomes, and the greatest production of hydroxyl radicals as determined using a hydroxyphenylfluorescein probe. The incorporation of cyano substituents provides an excellent motif for the enhancement of the photoactivity and photostability of bacteriochlorins as PDT photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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