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Jia S, Sletten EM. Spatiotemporal Control of Biology: Synthetic Photochemistry Toolbox with Far-Red and Near-Infrared Light. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3255-3269. [PMID: 34516095 PMCID: PMC8918031 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The complex network of naturally occurring biological pathways motivates the development of new synthetic molecules to perturb and/or detect these processes for fundamental research and clinical applications. In this context, photochemical tools have emerged as an approach to control the activity of drug or probe molecules at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Traditional photochemical tools, particularly photolabile protecting groups (photocages) and photoswitches, rely on high-energy UV light that is only applicable to cells or transparent model animals. More recently, such designs have evolved into the visible and near-infrared regions with deeper tissue penetration, enabling photocontrol to study biology in tissue and model animal contexts. This Review highlights recent developments in synthetic far-red and near-infrared photocages and photoswitches and their current and potential applications at the interface of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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2
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Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Fang B, Baell J, Li L, Huang W, Voelcker NH. Stimulus-cleavable chemistry in the field of controlled drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4872-4931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarises stimulus-cleavable linkers from various research areas and their cleavage mechanisms, thus provides an insightful guideline to extend their potential applications to controlled drug release from nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton
- Victoria 3168
- Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
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Ura T, Shimbo D, Yudasaka M, Tada N, Itoh A. Synthesis of Phenol-Derived cis-Vinyl Ethers Using Ethynyl Benziodoxolone. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4000-4004. [PMID: 33058543 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of cis-β-phenoxyvinyl benziodoxolones (cis-β-phenol-VBXs) from an ethynyl benziodoxolone-acetonitrile complex (EBX-MeCN) and various phenols is reported herein. The reaction tolerates different phenol derivatives, including complex natural products, and can be conducted under mild conditions. The synthesis was performed in an aqueous solvent in the absence and presence of a catalytic amount of a base. Selectively mono- and di-deuterated cis-β-phenol-VBXs were also prepared. cis-β-Phenol-VBXs were stereospecifically derivatized to cis-alkynylvinyl ethers and cis-iodovinyl ethers without loss of stereoselectivity or reduction in the deuterium/hydrogen ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimbo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masaharu Yudasaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
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Nguyen L, Li M, Woo S, You Y. Development of Prodrugs for PDT-Based Combination Therapy Using a Singlet-Oxygen-Sensitive Linker and Quantitative Systems Pharmacology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122198. [PMID: 31847080 PMCID: PMC6947033 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an effective treatment for certain types of solid tumors. The combination of PDT with other therapies has been extensively investigated in recent years to improve its effectiveness and expand its applications. This focused review summarizes the development of a prodrug system in which anticancer drugs are activated locally at tumor sites during PDT treatment. The development of a singlet-oxygen-sensitive linker that can be conveniently conjugated to various drugs and efficiently cleaved to release intact drugs is recapitulated. The initial design of prodrugs, preliminary efficacy evaluation, pharmacokinetics study, and optimization using quantitative systems pharmacology is discussed. Current treatment optimization in animal models using physiologically based a pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-645-4843
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Peiró Cadahía J, Previtali V, Troelsen NS, Clausen MH. Prodrug strategies for targeted therapy triggered by reactive oxygen species. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1531-1549. [PMID: 31673314 PMCID: PMC6786010 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with numerous pathophysiological conditions including cancer and inflammation and the ROS stimulus constitutes a potential trigger for drug delivery strategies. Over the past decade, a number of ROS-sensitive functionalities have been identified with the purpose of introducing disease-targeting properties into small molecule drugs - a prodrug strategy that offers a promising approach for increasing the selectivity and efficacy of treatments. This review will provide an overview of the ROS-responsive prodrugs developed to date. A discussion on the current progress and limitations is provided along with a reflection on the unanswered questions that need to be addressed in order to advance this novel approach to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viola Previtali
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| | - Nikolaj S Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
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Dariva CG, Coelho JF, Serra AC. Near infrared light-triggered nanoparticles using singlet oxygen photocleavage for drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2019; 294:337-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lamb BM, Barbas III CF. Selective arylthiolane deprotection by singlet oxygen: a promising tool for sensors and prodrugs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3196-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A routine thioketal protecting group reacts rapidly and selectively with singlet oxygen to reveal ketone products in good (aryl 1,3-dithiolane) to excellent (aryl 1,3-oxathiolane) yields. Arylthiolanes are stable to biologically relevant reactive oxygen species and can be used as a light-activated gating mechanism for activating fluorescent sensors or small molecule prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Lamb
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology
- The Scripps Research Institute
- La Jolla
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Carlos F. Barbas III
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology
- The Scripps Research Institute
- La Jolla
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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Nkepang G, Bio M, Rajaputra P, Awuah SG, You Y. Folate receptor-mediated enhanced and specific delivery of far-red light-activatable prodrugs of combretastatin A-4 to FR-positive tumor. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2175-88. [PMID: 25351441 PMCID: PMC4275160 DOI: 10.1021/bc500376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We examined the concept of a novel
prodrug strategy in which anticancer
drug can be locally released by visible/near IR light, taking advantage
of the photodynamic process and photo-unclick chemistry. Our most
recently formulated prodrug of combretastatin A-4, Pc-(L-CA4)2, showed multifunctionality for fluorescence imaging, light-activated
drug release, and the combined effects of PDT and local chemotherapy.
In this formulation, L is a singlet oxygen cleavable linker. Here,
we advanced this multifunctional prodrug by adding a tumor-targeting
group, folic acid (FA). We designed and prepared four FA-conjugated
prodrugs 1–4 (CA4-L-Pc-PEGn-FA: n = 0, 2, 18, ∼45) and one non-FA-conjugated
prodrug 5 (CA4-L-Pc-PEG18-boc). Prodrugs 3 and 4 had a longer PEG spacer and showed higher
hydrophilicity, enhanced uptake to colon 26 cells via FR-mediated
mechanisms, and more specific localization to SC colon 26 tumors in
Balb/c mice than prodrugs 1 and 2. Prodrug 4 also showed higher and more specific uptake to tumors, resulting
in selective tumor damage and more effective antitumor efficacy than
non-FA-conjugated prodrug 5. FR-mediated targeting seemed
to be an effective strategy to spare normal tissues surrounding tumors
in the illuminated area during treatment with this prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Nkepang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117, United States
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Erbas-Cakmak S, Akkaya EU. Toward Singlet Oxygen Delivery at a Measured Rate: A Self-Reporting Photosensitizer. Org Lett 2014; 16:2946-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501084n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and ‡Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey
| | - Engin U. Akkaya
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and ‡Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey
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Rudshteyn B, Castillo A, Ghogare AA, Liebman JF, Greer A. Theoretical study of the reaction formalhydrazone with singlet oxygen. Fragmentation of the C=N bond, ene reaction and other processes. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:431-8. [PMID: 24354600 DOI: 10.1111/php.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photobiologic and synthetic versatility of hydrazones has not yet been established with (1)O2 as a route to commonly encountered nitrosamines. Thus, to determine whether the "parent" reaction of formalhydrazone and (1)O2 leads to facile C=N bond cleavage and resulting nitrosamine formation, we have carried out CCSD(T)//DFT calculations and analyzed the energetics of the oxidation pathways. A [2 + 2] pathway occurs via diradicals and formation of 3-amino-1,2,3-dioxazetidine in a 16 kcal/mol(-1) process. Reversible addition or physical quenching of (1)O2 occurs either on the formalhydrazone carbon for triplet diradicals at 2-3 kcal mol(-1), or on the nitrogen (N(3)) atom forming zwitterions at ~15 kcal/mol(-1), although the quenching channel by charge-transfer interaction was not computed. The computations also predict a facile conversion of formalhydrazone and (1)O2 to hydroperoxymethyl diazene in a low-barrier 'ene' process, but no 2-amino-oxaziridine-O-oxide (perepoxide-like) intermediate was found. A Benson-like analysis (group increment calculations) on the closed-shell species are in accord with the quantum chemical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rudshteyn
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center & The City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY
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Bartusik D, Aebisher D, Ghogare A, Ghosh G, Abramova I, Hasan T, Greer A. A fiberoptic (photodynamic therapy type) device with a photosensitizer and singlet oxygen delivery probe tip for ovarian cancer cell killing. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:936-41. [PMID: 23495787 DOI: 10.1111/php.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A portable "fiber optic-based sensitizer delivery" (FOSD) device has been developed and studied. Before there might be success in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and antibacterial ambitions, an understanding of basic factors on device performance was needed. Thus, the device was examined for the localized delivery of sensitizer molecules in ovarian cancer cells and production of high concentrations of singlet oxygen for their eradication in vitro. The device tip releases stored pheophorbide by attack of singlet oxygen from sensitized oxygen gas delivered through the hollow fiber using 669 nm laser light. The performance of the device was enhanced when configured with a fluorosilane tip by virtue of its Teflon-like property compared with a conventional glass tip (greater sensitizer quantities were photoreleased and laterally diffused, and greater amounts of ovarian OVCAR-5 cancer cells were killed). No cell damage was observed at 2.2 N of force applied by the probe tip itself, an amount used for many of the experiments described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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