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Cardiac Stem Cell-Loaded Delivery Systems: A New Challenge for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207701. [PMID: 33080988 PMCID: PMC7589970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in Western countries. Post-myocardial infarction heart failure can be considered a degenerative disease where myocyte loss outweighs any regenerative potential. In this scenario, regenerative biology and tissue engineering can provide effective solutions to repair the infarcted failing heart. The main strategies involve the use of stem and progenitor cells to regenerate/repair lost and dysfunctional tissue, administrated as a suspension or encapsulated in specific delivery systems. Several studies demonstrated that effectiveness of direct injection of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) is limited in humans by the hostile cardiac microenvironment and poor cell engraftment; therefore, the use of injectable hydrogel or pre-formed patches have been strongly advocated to obtain a better integration between delivered stem cells and host myocardial tissue. Several approaches were used to refine these types of constructs, trying to obtain an optimized functional scaffold. Despite the promising features of these stem cells’ delivery systems, few have reached the clinical practice. In this review, we summarize the advantages, and the novelty but also the current limitations of engineered patches and injectable hydrogels for tissue regenerative purposes, offering a perspective of how we believe tissue engineering should evolve to obtain the optimal delivery system applicable to the everyday clinical scenario.
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Liao X, Yang X, Deng H, Hao Y, Mao L, Zhang R, Liao W, Yuan M. Injectable Hydrogel-Based Nanocomposites for Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:251. [PMID: 32296694 PMCID: PMC7136457 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including a series of pathological disorders, severely affect millions of people all over the world. To address this issue, several potential therapies have been developed for treating CVDs, including injectable hydrogels as a minimally invasive method. However, the utilization of injectable hydrogel is a bit restricted recently owing to some limitations, such as transporting the therapeutic agent more accurately to the target site and prolonging their retention locally. This review focuses on the advances in injectable hydrogels for CVD, detailing the types of injectable hydrogels (natural or synthetic), especially that complexed with stem cells, cytokines, nano-chemical particles, exosomes, genetic material including DNA or RNA, etc. Moreover, we summarized the mainly prominent mechanism, based on which injectable hydrogel present excellent treating effect of cardiovascular repair. All in all, it is hopefully that injectable hydrogel-based nanocomposites would be a potential candidate through cardiac repair in CVDs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xushan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianzhi Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Synthesis, Nanomechanical Characterization and Biocompatibility of a Chitosan-Graft-Poly(ε-caprolactone) Copolymer for Soft Tissue Regeneration. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12010150. [PMID: 30621234 PMCID: PMC6337280 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration necessitates the development of appropriate scaffolds that facilitate cell growth and tissue development by providing a suitable substrate for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. The optimized scaffolds should be biocompatible, biodegradable, and exhibit proper mechanical behavior. In the present study, the nanomechanical behavior of a chitosan-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymer, in hydrated and dry state, was investigated and compared to those of the individual homopolymers, chitosan (CS) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Hardness and elastic modulus values were calculated, and the time-dependent behavior of the samples was studied. Submersion of PCL and the graft copolymer in α-MEM suggested the deterioration of the measured mechanical properties as a result of the samples’ degradation. However, even after three days of degradation, the graft copolymer presented sufficient mechanical strength and elastic properties, which resemble those reported for soft tissues. The in vitro biological evaluation of the material clearly demonstrated that the CS-g-PCL copolymer supports the growth of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and tissue formation with a simultaneous material degradation. Both the mechanical and biological data render the CS-g-PCL copolymer appropriate as a scaffold in a cell-laden construct for soft tissue engineering.
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4
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Construction of scaffolds composed of acellular cardiac extracellular matrix for myocardial tissue engineering. Biologicals 2018; 53:10-18. [PMID: 29625872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High rates of mortality and morbidity stemming from cardiovascular diseases unveil extreme limitations in current therapies despite enormous advances in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Following myocardial infarction (MI), parts of myocardium undergo irreversible remodeling and is substituted by a scar tissue which eventually leads to heart failure (HF). To address this issue, cardiac patches have been utilized to initiate myocardial regeneration. In this study, a porous cardiac patch is fabricated using a mixture of decellularized myocardium extracellular matrix (ECM) and chitosan (CS). Results of rheological measurements, SEM, biodegradation test, and MTT assay showed that the scaffold composed of 3.5% (w/w) CS and 0.5% ECM has the best potential in providing cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) with a suitable microenvironmental condition for both attachment and growth. This study demonstrates that the fabricated scaffold is capable of transmitting both mechanical and chemical cues that is native to myocardial tissue and supports efficient growth of the CPCs.
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Haider KH, Aziz S, Al-Reshidi MA. Endothelial progenitor cells for cellular angiogenesis and repair: lessons learned from experimental animal models. Regen Med 2017; 12:969-982. [PMID: 29215316 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cell-based therapy has been extensively studied for angiomyogenic repair of the ischemic heart by regeneration of the damaged myocytes and neovascularization of the ischemic tissue through biological bypassing. Given their inherent ability to assume functionally competent endothelial phenotype and release of broad array of proangiogenic cytokines, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)-based therapy is deemed as most appropriate for vaculogenesis in the ischemic heart. Emulating the natural repair process that encompasses mobilization and homing-in of the bone marrow and peripheral blood EPCs, their reparability has been extensively studied in the animal models of myocardial ischemia with encouraging results. Our literature review is a compilation of the lessons learned from the use of EPCs in experimental animal models with emphasis on the in vitro manipulation and delivery strategies to enhance their retention, survival and functioning post-engraftment in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salim Aziz
- Department of CV Surgery, George Washington University, 2440 M Street NW, Suite 505, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Mateq Ali Al-Reshidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman Al Rajhi Colleges, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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6
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Curley CJ, Dolan EB, Cavanagh B, O'Sullivan J, Duffy GP, Murphy BP. An in vitro investigation to assess procedure parameters for injecting therapeutic hydrogels into the myocardium. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2618-2629. [PMID: 27764526 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Localized delivery of stem cells is potentially a promising therapeutic strategy for regenerating damaged myocardium. Many studies focus on limiting the biologic component of cell loss, but few address the contribution of mechanical factors. This study investigates optimal parameters for retaining the largest volume of cell loaded hydrogels post intramyocardial injection, without compromising cell viability. In vitro, hydrogel was injected into porcine hearts using various needle designs. Hydrogel retention and distribution pattern was then determined. The two most promising needles were then investigated to understand the effect of needle geometry on stem cell viability. The needle to best impact cell viability was then used to investigate the effect of differing hydrogels on retention and distribution. Three-dimensional experimental modeling revealed needles with smaller diameter's to have greater poloxamer 407 hydrogel retention. No difference in retention existed among various needle designs of similar gauge, despite differences in bolus geometries. When hMSC's, embedded in fibrin hydrogel, were injected through helical and 26G bevel needles no difference in the percent of live cells was seen at 48 h. However, the helical group had almost half the metabolic activity of the 26G bevel group at both time points, and had a significant decline in the percent of live cells from 24 to 48 h. Varying gel type resulted in significantly more alginate being retained in the tissue in comparison to fibrin or poloxamer hydrogels. In conclusion, mechanical properties of injected hydrogels, and the diameter of the needle used, highly influences the volume of hydrogel retained. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2618-2629, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive J Curley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), TCD & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear B Dolan
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), TCD & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Janice O'Sullivan
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), TCD & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), TCD & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Bruce P Murphy
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), TCD & RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
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Hasan A, Waters R, Roula B, Dana R, Yara S, Alexandre T, Paul A. Engineered Biomaterials to Enhance Stem Cell-Based Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:958-77. [PMID: 26953627 PMCID: PMC4931991 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Since adult cardiac cells are limited in their proliferation, cardiac tissue with dead or damaged cardiac cells downstream of the occluded vessel does not regenerate after myocardial infarction. The cardiac tissue is then replaced with nonfunctional fibrotic scar tissue rather than new cardiac cells, which leaves the heart weak. The limited proliferation ability of host cardiac cells has motivated investigators to research the potential cardiac regenerative ability of stem cells. Considerable progress has been made in this endeavor. However, the optimum type of stem cells along with the most suitable matrix-material and cellular microenvironmental cues are yet to be identified or agreed upon. This review presents an overview of various types of biofunctional materials and biomaterial matrices, which in combination with stem cells, have shown promises for cardiac tissue replacement and reinforcement. Engineered biomaterials also have applications in cardiac tissue engineering, in which tissue constructs are developed in vitro by combining stem cells and biomaterial scaffolds for drug screening or eventual implantation. This review highlights the benefits of using biomaterials in conjunction with stem cells to repair damaged myocardium and give a brief description of the properties of these biomaterials that make them such valuable tools to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Renae Waters
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Boustany Roula
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rahbani Dana
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Seif Yara
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Toubia Alexandre
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Arghya Paul
- BioIntel Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Rana D, Tabasum A, Ramalingam M. Cell-laden alginate/polyacrylamide beads as carriers for stem cell delivery: preparation and characterization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26447b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rationale behind present investigation was to enhance the encapsulation efficacy of stem cells within the polymeric gel system and retain their 3D morphology as in the native microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Rana
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR)
- A Unit of Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Bengaluru
- Christian Medical College Campus
- Vellore 632002
- India
| | - Aleya Tabasum
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR)
- A Unit of Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Bengaluru
- Christian Medical College Campus
- Vellore 632002
- India
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR)
- A Unit of Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine-Bengaluru
- Christian Medical College Campus
- Vellore 632002
- India
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Henning RJ, Khan A, Jimenez E. Chitosan hydrogels significantly limit left ventricular infarction and remodeling and preserve myocardial contractility. J Surg Res 2015; 201:490-7. [PMID: 27020836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular myocardial infarctions (MIs) consist of a central area of myocardial necrosis that is surrounded by areas of myocardial injury and ischemia. We hypothesized that chitosan hydrogels, when injected around the perimeter of MIs in rats, could decrease left ventricle (LV) wall stress by the Law of LaPlace, and therefore myocardial oxygen requirements, and prevent the ischemic and injured myocardium from becoming necrotic. In this manner, chitosan gels could limit LV infraction size and LV remodeling. Chitosan hydrogels are liquid at 25°C but gel at 37°C. METHODS Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats with ligation of the left coronary artery were treated with either Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) or chitosan hydrogel in DMEM, which was injected around the infarct perimeter. Echocardiograms were obtained before MI and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk after MI. Hearts from randomly selected rats were harvested at baseline and at the time of echocardiography for determinations of LV infarct size, remodeling, and histopathology. RESULTS Infarct sizes as a percentage of the total ventricular myocardium in the DMEM group averaged 17% versus 14% in the chitosan group at 4 wk (P < 0.05), 18% versus 14% at 8 wk (P < 0.01), 19% versus 14% at 12 wk (P < 0.001), and 20% versus 14% at 16 wk (P < 0.001). Injection of chitosan into the infarctions produced LV wall thicknesses in the MI border zones that averaged 0.66 cm at 4 wk, which were greater than the LV wall thicknesses in the border zones of rats treated with DMEM, which averaged 0.33 cm (P < 0.01). Arteriole densities in the MI border zones were 160/mm(2) in the chitosan group but only 92/mm(2) in the DMEM rats (P < 0.01). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameters (LVEDs) in the rats averaged 0.73 cm before MI. After MI, LVED increased in the DMEM rats to 0.84 cm at 2 wk, then 0.89 cm at 4 wk, 0.89 cm at 8 wk, 0.89 m at 12 wk, and 0.87 cm at 16 wk. In contrast, LVED in the chitosan rats were on average 19% smaller in comparison with the DMEM rats (P < 0.05) and did not significantly change in comparison with their baseline LVEDs. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the rats averaged 83% before infarctions. In the infarction + DMEM group, the LVEFs significantly decreased after MI and averaged 59.7% at 2 wk, 52.5% at 4 wk, 46.1% at 8 wk, 52.4% at 12 wk, and 53.6% at 16 wk (P < 0.05). In the infarction + chitosan-treated rats, the LVEFs were greater and averaged 67.8% at 2 wk (P < 0.02), 68.9% (P < 0.02) at 4 wk, 69% (P < 0.003) at 8 wk, 65.2% at 12 wk (P < 0.05), and 67% at 16 wk (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chitosan gel can increase LV myocardial wall thickness, decrease infarct size and LV remodeling, and preserve LV contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Henning
- Department of Medicine, James A. Haley Hospital and the University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Department of Surgery, James A. Haley Hospital and the University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Abraham Khan
- Department of Medicine, James A. Haley Hospital and the University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Department of Surgery, James A. Haley Hospital and the University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ernesto Jimenez
- Department of Medicine, James A. Haley Hospital and the University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Department of Surgery, James A. Haley Hospital and the University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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Tormos CJ, Abraham C, Madihally SV. Improving the stability of chitosan–gelatin-based hydrogels for cell delivery using transglutaminase and controlled release of doxycycline. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 5:575-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Radhakrishnan J, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Hydrogel based injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:449-61. [PMID: 24406815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering promises to be an effective strategy that can overcome the lacuna existing in the current pharmacological and interventional therapies and heart transplantation. Heart failure continues to be a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality across the globe. This may be attributed to the limited regeneration capacity after the adult cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated or injured. Various strategies involving acellular scaffolds, stem cells, and combinations of stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors have been investigated for effective cardiac tissue regeneration. Recently, injectable hydrogels have emerged as a potential candidate among various categories of biomaterials for cardiac tissue regeneration due to improved patient compliance and facile administration via minimal invasive mode that treats complex infarction. This review discusses in detail on the advances made in the field of injectable materials for cardiac tissue engineering highlighting their merits over their preformed counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India.
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Naderi-Meshkin H, Andreas K, Matin MM, Sittinger M, Bidkhori HR, Ahmadiankia N, Bahrami AR, Ringe J. Chitosan-based injectable hydrogel as a promising in situ forming scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:72-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Department of Biology; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department; Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR); Mashhad Branch Mashhad Iran
| | - Kristin Andreas
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
- Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Michael Sittinger
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department; Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR); Mashhad Branch Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department; Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR); Mashhad Branch Mashhad Iran
- Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Jochen Ringe
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
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13
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Sreejit P, Verma RS. Natural ECM as biomaterial for scaffold based cardiac regeneration using adult bone marrow derived stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 9:158-71. [PMID: 23319217 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy using stem cells for cardiac diseases has recently gained much interest in the scientific community due to its potential in regenerating damaged and even dead tissue and thereby restoring the organ function. Stem cells from various sources and origin are being currently used for regeneration studies directly or along with differentiation inducing agents. Long term survival and minimal side effects can be attained by using autologous cells and reduced use of inducing agents. Cardiomyogenic differentiation of adult derived stem cells has been previously reported using various inducing agents but the use of a potentially harmful DNA demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) has been found to be critical in almost all studies. Alternate inducing factors and conditions/stimulant like physical condition including electrical stimulation, chemical inducers and biological agents have been attempted by numerous groups to induce cardiac differentiation. Biomaterials were initially used as artificial scaffold in in vitro studies and later as a delivery vehicle. Natural ECM is the ideal biological scaffold since it contains all the components of the tissue from which it was derived except for the living cells. Constructive remodeling can be performed using such natural ECM scaffolds and stem cells since, the cells can be delivered to the site of infraction and once delivered the cells adhere and are not "lost". Due to the niche like conditions of ECM, stem cells tend to differentiate into tissue specific cells and attain several characteristics similar to that of functional cells even in absence of any directed differentiation using external inducers. The development of niche mimicking biomaterials and hybrid biomaterial can further advance directed differentiation without specific induction. The mechanical and electrical integration of these materials to the functional tissue is a problem to be addressed. The search for the perfect extracellular matrix for therapeutic applications including engineering cardiac tissue structures for post ischemic cardiac tissue regeneration continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sreejit
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, TN, India
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14
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Enhanced cardiomyogenic lineage differentiation of adult bone-marrow-derived stem cells grown on cardiogel. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353:443-56. [PMID: 23771778 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) and its components are known to promote growth and cellular differentiation in vitro. Cardiogel, a three-dimensional extracellular matrix derived from cardiac fibroblasts, is evaluated for its cardiomyogenic-differentiation-inducing potential on bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC). BMSC from adult mice were grown on cardiogel and induced to differentiate into specific lineages that were validated by morphological, phenotypic and molecular assays. The data revealed that the cardiogel enhanced cardiomyogenic and adipogenic differentiation and relegated osteogenic differentiation following specific induction. More importantly, increased cardiomyogenic differentiation was also observed following BMSC growth on cardiogel without specific chemical (5-azacytidine) induction. This is the first report of an attempt to use cardiogel as a biomaterial on which to achieve cardiomyogenic differentiation of BMSC without chemical induction. Our study suggests that cardiogel is an efficient extracellular matrix that enhances the cardiomyogenic differentiation of BMSC and that it can therefore be used as a scaffold for cardiac tissue regeneration.
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Pok S, Myers JD, Madihally SV, Jacot JG. A multilayered scaffold of a chitosan and gelatin hydrogel supported by a PCL core for cardiac tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5630-42. [PMID: 23128158 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional scaffold composed of self-assembled polycaprolactone (PCL) sandwiched in a gelatin-chitosan hydrogel was developed for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of congenital heart defects. The PCL core provides surgical handling, suturability and high initial tensile strength, while the gelatin-chitosan scaffold allows for cell attachment, with pore size and mechanical properties conducive to cardiomyocyte migration and function. The ultimate tensile stress of the PCL core, made from blends of 10, 46 and 80kDa (Mn) PCL, was controllable in the range of 2-4MPa, with lower average molecular weight PCL blends correlating with lower tensile stress. Blends with lower molecular weight PCL also had faster degradation (controllable from 0% to 7% weight loss in saline over 30 days) and larger pores. PCL scaffolds supporting a gelatin-chitosan emulsion gel showed no significant alteration in tensile stress, strain or tensile modulus. However, the compressive modulus of the composite tissue was similar to that of native tissue (∼15kPa for 50% gelatin and 50% chitosan). Electron microscopy revealed that the gelatin-chitosan gel had a three-dimensional porous structure, with a mean pore diameter of ∼80μm, showed migration of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM), maintained NRVM viability for over 7 days, and resulted in spontaneously beating scaffolds. This multi-layered scaffold has sufficient tensile strength and surgical handling for use as a cardiac patch, while allowing migration or pre-loading of cardiac cells in a biomimetic environment to allow for eventual degradation of the patch and incorporation into native tissue.
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Zouein FA, Zgheib C, Liechty KW, Booz GW. Post-infarct biomaterials, left ventricular remodeling, and heart failure: is good good enough? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:284-90. [PMID: 22612796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7133.2012.00298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,the Department of Surgery, The Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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Pok S, Jacot JG. Biomaterials Advances in Patches for Congenital Heart Defect Repair. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2011; 4:646-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-011-9289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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