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McGeorge CR, Stone Carlson T, Farrell M. To Refer or Not to Refer: Exploring Family Therapists' Beliefs and Practices Related to the Referral of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2016; 42:466-480. [PMID: 26714928 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study explored how negative beliefs toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals and LGB clinical competence influenced family therapists' beliefs and practices regarding referring based on the sexual orientation of the client. The sample consisted of 741 experienced clinicians. The results of this study indicated that the majority of the participants believe it is ethical to refer LGB clients; however, most had never made such a referral. Furthermore, participants who had referred based solely on the client's sexual orientation reported higher levels of negative beliefs toward LGB individuals and lower levels of LGB clinical competence. Finally, negative beliefs toward LGB persons not only predicted the practice of referring, but also the belief that it is ethical to refer an LGB client.
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Morrow SL, Beckstead AL. Conversion Therapies for Same-Sex Attracted Clients in Religious Conflict. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000004268877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite a long history of viewing homosexuality as pathological and in need of change, the majority of mental health professions have, during the past 30 years, adopted statements that have depathologized lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. However, concurrent with these advances has been a rise in religious and therapeutic approaches to sexual reorientation (conversion or “reparative”) therapies. Recent scholarship highlights these controversies and the benefits and harms experienced by clients who have sought such interventions. This major contribution extends extant scholarship to include predisposing environmental and personality variables that lead same-sex attracted individuals in religious conflict to conversion therapies, an understanding of the journey to and through such therapies, and clinical implications and recommendations for working with these clients in a manner that does not contribute to further conflict.
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McGeorge CR, Carlson TS, Toomey RB. An exploration of family therapists' beliefs about the ethics of conversion therapy: the influence of negative beliefs and clinical competence with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2015; 41:42-56. [PMID: 24750074 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the literature on conversion therapy has focused on clients' experiences and rationales for seeking such therapy. This study sought to explore differences in the beliefs and clinical competence of therapists who practice and believe in the ethics of conversion therapy and those who do not. The sample for this study included 762 family therapists who were members of the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy. Data were collected using electronic surveys that assessed participants' negative beliefs about and perceived clinical competence with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. Results indicate that those who believe in the ethics of and/or practice conversion therapy report statistically higher levels of negative beliefs about LGB individuals and lower levels of clinical competence working with LGB clients. Implications for clinical practice and organizational policy are discussed.
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Rosik CH, Popper P. Clinical Approaches to Conflicts Between Religious Values and Same-Sex Attractions: Contrasting Gay-Affirmative, Sexual Identity, and Change-Oriented Models of Therapy. COUNSELING AND VALUES 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-007x.2014.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H. Rosik
- Link Care Center, Fresno, California, and Department of Psychology, Fresno Pacific University
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Rosik CH, Byrd AD. Moving back to science and self-reflection in the debate over sexual orientation change efforts. SOCIAL WORK 2013; 58:83-85. [PMID: 23409343 DOI: 10.1093/sw/sws051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Abstract
The self-reports of individuals who claim that they have changed their sexual orientation are either dismissed as false or relied upon to promote sexual orientation change efforts. However, these reactions do not capture the complexity of the sexual reorientation phenomenon. This article provides an overview regarding the promise and effort of sexual reorientation and how this knowledge may inform our current understanding of human sexuality. Specifically, a brief history is given of the interventions used to change attractions to same-sex adults and the assumptions underlying these efforts. Information will be given regarding which conclusions can be derived from sexual reorientation studies. The limitations of these studies will be explained to strengthen future research. Hypotheses will be presented regarding the motivations and needs of those distressed by a same-sex erotic orientation and the impact that the hope of sexual reorientation may have for family members, religious leaders, and policy makers. A multivariate model of sexuality and sexual orientation, including scales of attraction and aversion, will be proposed based upon current understanding of sexuality and the distinctions found in sexual reorientation research. In the end, a therapeutic framework will be highlighted that may be used (and researched) to help those distressed by their sexual orientation.
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Hernandez BC, Schwenke NJ, Wilson CM. Spouses in mixed-orientation marriage: a 20-year review of empirical studies. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2011; 37:307-318. [PMID: 21745233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2010.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Empirical studies on mixed-orientation marriage in social science journals from 1988 to 2008 were reviewed. Fifteen articles published in eight peer-reviewed journals were identified and discussed in terms of sampling, design, measures, rigor, theoretical framework, and literature review. An overview of each study is provided along with a summary of critical findings. Implications and recommendations for future research and education are offered.
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Abstract
Traditionally, sexuality has not been a focus in couples therapy training, research, or practice, although it is an important, often complex issue for many couples. This article tells the story of a couple presenting for sex therapy due to their unconsummated marriage, and is told to exemplify how sex therapy and couples therapy can be integrated in order to best meet the needs of couples. As the story unfolds, the multilayered facets of the presenting issue are revealed. The therapy incorporates and weaves together family of origin history, intrapsychic and cognitive issues, relational dynamics, patterns of interaction, and physiological/medical concerns into a postmodern couples therapy with behavioral interventions. This combined approach recognizes the value of each method on its own and their greater usefulness when blended together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Bulow
- Ackerman Institute for the Family, New York, NY 10075, USA.
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Hollander-Goldfein B. Facilitating our clients' right to choose: a commentary on the work of Shoshana Bulow. FAMILY PROCESS 2009; 48:390-394. [PMID: 19702925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bea Hollander-Goldfein
- Post Graduate Certificate Program in Marriage and Family Therapy, Council for Relationships, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Serovich JM, Craft SM, Toviessi P, Gangamma R, McDowell T, Grafsky EL. A systematic review of the research base on sexual reorientation therapies. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2008; 34:227-238. [PMID: 18412828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2008.00065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, members of the AAMFT, like members of other professional groups, have engaged in a discourse as to the necessity and effectiveness of sexual reorientation therapies. The purpose of this article is to review, critique, and synthesize the scientific rigor of the literature base underpinning sexual reorientation therapy research. Using a systematic narrative analysis approach, 28 empirically based, peer-reviewed articles meeting eligibility criteria were coded for sample characteristics and demographics as well as numerous methodology descriptors. Results indicate the literature base is full of omissions which threaten the validity of interpreting available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne M Serovich
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Gianola FJ. Is “reparative” therapy in the best interest of the patient? JAAPA 2007; 20:55-6. [PMID: 17601221 DOI: 10.1097/01720610-200706000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F J Gianola
- MEDEX Northwest Division, Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
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Schumm WR. A Reply to Belkin's Argument That Ending the “Gay Ban” Will Not Influence Military Performance. Psychol Rep 2004; 95:637-40. [PMID: 15587232 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.95.2.637-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Belkin's recent arguments in favor of replacing the current U.S. military policy on homosexuality are discussed. A variety of issues, especially sexual asymmetries, are cited as reasons that would make open acceptance of homosexuality problematic in the military as well as the enforcement of sexual harassment regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter R Schumm
- School of Family Studies and Human Services, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-1403, USA.
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The Sexual Orientation Matrix for Supervision. JOURNAL OF COUPLE & RELATIONSHIP THERAPY-INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS 2004. [DOI: 10.1300/j398v03n02_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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SCHUMM WALTERR. A REPLY TO BELKIN'S ARGUMENT THAT ENDING THE 'GAY BAN' WILL NOT INFLUENCE MILITARY PERFORMANCE. Psychol Rep 2004. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.95.6.637-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Green RJ. When therapists do not want their clients to be homosexual: a response to Rosik's article. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2003; 29:29-38. [PMID: 12616796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb00380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This commentary is a response to Rosik's "Motivational, Ethical, and Epistemological Foundations in the Treatment of Unwanted Homoerotic Attraction" (this issue). Such treatment raises complex questions that cannot be resolved by focusing on the therapist's conservative versus liberal values. Most such clients are deeply ambivalent about their homosexual attractions. The degree to which their homosexuality is "unwanted" is highly variable among them and sometimes within them over time. Clients who are exclusively homosexual are very unlikely to be able to change their sexual attractions, whereas some clients who are bisexual may be more able to "manage" their homoerotic attractions (acting only on their heterosexual feelings). Marriage and family therapists should be able to support a client along whatever sexual orientation path the client ultimately takes, and the client's sense of integrity and interpersonal relatedness are the most important goals of all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Jay Green
- Family/Child Clinical Psychology Doctoral Programs, California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University-San Francisco Bay Area Campus, 1005 Atlantic Ave, Alameda, California 94501, USA.
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