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Waters LR, Ahsan FM, Ten Hoeve J, Hong JS, Kim DNH, Minasyan A, Braas D, Graeber TG, Zangle TA, Teitell MA. Ampk regulates IgD expression but not energy stress with B cell activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8176. [PMID: 31160601 PMCID: PMC6546716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ampk is an energy gatekeeper that responds to decreases in ATP by inhibiting energy-consuming anabolic processes and promoting energy-generating catabolic processes. Recently, we showed that Lkb1, an understudied kinase in B lymphocytes and a major upstream kinase for Ampk, had critical and unexpected roles in activating naïve B cells and in germinal center formation. Therefore, we examined whether Lkb1 activities during B cell activation depend on Ampk and report surprising Ampk activation with in vitro B cell stimulation in the absence of energy stress, coupled to rapid biomass accumulation. Despite Ampk activation and a controlling role for Lkb1 in B cell activation, Ampk knockout did not significantly affect B cell activation, differentiation, nutrient dynamics, gene expression, or humoral immune responses. Instead, Ampk loss specifically repressed the transcriptional expression of IgD and its regulator, Zfp318. Results also reveal that early activation of Ampk by phenformin treatment impairs germinal center formation but does not significantly alter antibody responses. Combined, the data show an unexpectedly specific role for Ampk in the regulation of IgD expression during B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnea R Waters
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fasih M Ahsan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jason S Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Diane N H Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aspram Minasyan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas A Zangle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Lambert-Shute JJ, Nguyen HN, Peterson PW, Pirasteh AB. Reflecting on the Past: A Content Analysis of Family Therapy Research from 2000-2015. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2019; 45:256-274. [PMID: 29766528 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this content analysis, researchers examine articles published from 2000 to 2015 in three family therapy journals, yielding a total of 948 empirical articles. The purpose is to provide an overview of the research being published, assess who is publishing, and investigate the current state of clinical effectiveness research in marriage and family therapy (MFT). Most first authors were affiliated with MFT programs and primarily included diversity and couples in their research. There was a significant increase of research on clinical process-though the number of clinical outcome studies held steady. There were no significant changes with regard to research funding. Implications support the use of innovative research methods to provide evidence of clinical effectiveness.
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Sude ME, Eubanks Gambrel L. A Contextual Therapy Framework for MFT Educators: Facilitating Trustworthy Asymmetrical Training Relationships. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2017; 43:617-630. [PMID: 28261821 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a conceptual framework for asymmetrical relationships between family therapy educators and trainees. Our framework is based on contextual family therapy, and we apply the concepts of trust, entitlement, self-validation, and loyalty to training relationships. We highlight the value of educators modeling responsible uses of power in addition to teaching trainees clinical concepts and skills. We propose that training can be a process where trainers earn constructive entitlement through their interactions with trainees, who then give to future clients, supervisees, and trainees to continue the cycle of intergenerational trustworthiness. We also provide examples that illustrate the application of contextual therapy skills such as multidirected partiality, I-Thou relating, acknowledgment, validation, and accountability to family therapy training.
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