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Frank J, Kisters K, Stirban OA, Obeid R, Lorkowski S, Wallert M, Egert S, Podszun MC, Eckert GP, Pettersen JA, Venturelli S, Classen HG, Golombek J. The role of biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. Biofactors 2021; 47:522-550. [PMID: 33772908 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present demographic changes toward an aging society caused a rise in the number of senior citizens and the incidence and burden of age-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases [CVD], cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], diabetes mellitus, and dementia), of which nearly half is attributable to the population ≥60 years of age. Deficiencies in individual nutrients have been associated with increased risks for age-related diseases and high intakes and/or blood concentrations with risk reduction. Nutrition in general and the dietary intake of essential and nonessential biofactors is a major determinant of human health, the risk to develop age-related diseases, and ultimately of mortality in the older population. These biofactors can be a cost-effective strategy to prevent or, in some cases, even treat age-related diseases. Examples reviewed herein include omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber for the prevention of CVD, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) for the treatment of biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, vitamin D for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, thiamine and α-lipoic acid for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, and the role of folate in cancer epigenetics. This list of potentially helpful biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases, however, is not exhaustive and many more examples exist. Furthermore, since there is currently no generally accepted definition of the term biofactors, we here propose a definition that, when adopted by scientists, will enable a harmonization and consistent use of the term in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frank
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kisters
- Medical Clinic I, St. Anna-Hospital & ESH Excellence Centre, Herne, Germany
| | | | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren C Podszun
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline A Pettersen
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Classen
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
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Muhvić-Urek M, Saltović E, Braut A, Kovačević Pavičić D. Association between Vitamin D and Candida-Associated Denture Stomatitis. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8040121. [PMID: 33096916 PMCID: PMC7712357 DOI: 10.3390/dj8040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) is a fungal infection affecting 60–65% of denture wearers. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial and often associated with host immunodeficiency. Evidence exists that vitamin D has potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this case–control study was to assess the association between vitamin D levels and CADS. The study included 32 complete denture wearers with CADS and 32 sex- and age-matched complete denture wearers without CADS. The patients were clinically examined, and the severity of denture stomatitis was assessed according to Newton’s classification scale. The serum vitamin D level was determined via the use of an electrochemiluminescence assay. The vitamin D level in the CADS group and control group was 54.68 ± 17.07 and 56.82 ± 17.75 nmol/L, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.622). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of CADS was not associated with hypovitaminosis D (odds ratio (OR) = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.37–5.54). It can be concluded that vitamin D is not associated with CADS and does not play a significant role in host susceptibility to CADS. This finding suggests that vitamin D screening is not indicated routinely in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Muhvić-Urek
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ema Saltović
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alen Braut
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Daniela Kovačević Pavičić
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Hassanzadeh-Makoui R, Jamei M, Hassanzadeh-Makoui M, Khederlou H. Effects of Vitamin D on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2020; 18:e103528. [PMID: 33257907 PMCID: PMC7695351 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is a pathophysiologic state in which the cardiac output is not able to supply the body with enough oxygen and nutrients. The prevalence of heart failure has increased dramatically over the last decades. Vitamin D levels in patients with chronic heart failure are lower than healthy controls, and vitamin D deficiency has a direct relationship with mortality. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with systolic heart failure. METHODS In this case-control clinical trial, 142 patients with chronic systolic heart failure were identified. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 114 patients were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups. One group (n = 58) received 50,000 units of vitamin D capsules weekly for eight weeks, and the patients in the other group (n = 56) received a placebo. After excluding 15 patients from the placebo group and 17 patients from the intervention group during the study, according to the exclusion criteria, 41 patients were evaluated in both groups for ejection fraction changes after two months. RESULTS According to the results of this research, there were no statistically significant differences in the baseline parameters between the two studied groups. The intervention group consisted of 18 female and 23 male patients with a mean age of 61.68 ± 19.8 years. Moreover, the placebo group included 21 female and 20 male patients with a mean age of 62.12 ± 18.2 years. After a 2-month follow-up, the intervention group showed statistically significant changes in ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, and heart failure class compared to the placebo group. Also, the serum level of albumin and vitamin D in the intervention group was significantly higher than the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that vitamin D treatment can improve the ejection fraction and functional ability of patients with vitamin D deficiency. If more comprehensive studies support this hypothesis, vitamin D deficiency assessment and correction in patients with chronic heart failure may be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hassanzadeh-Makoui
- Department of Cardiology, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maziar Jamei
- Department of Cardiology, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoud Hassanzadeh-Makoui
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Khederlou
- Resident of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Resident of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-9125426158,
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Liu Y, Peng W, Li Y, Wang B, Yu J, Xu Z. Vitamin D Deficiency Harms Patients with Coronary Heart Disease by Enhancing Inflammation. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9376-9384. [PMID: 30581189 PMCID: PMC6320654 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and local inflammation of plaque are potential new risk factors and prevention goals for coronary heart disease (CHD). Material/Methods This study included 135 CHD patients and 45 chest tightness or chest pain patients (control group). Basic clinical data and serum 25-OH-VD, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β of the 2 groups were compared by SPSS 25.0. A CHD rat model was used to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Results The serum 25-OH-VD level in the control group was significantly higher compared to the CHD group, and decreased with the worsening of the CHD condition. Logistic regression found that serum 25-OH-VD was a protective factor in the occurrence of CHD. In CHD patients, the level of serum 25-OH-VD had a negative correlation with serum TNF-α (r=−0.651, P<0.001), IL-6 (r=−0.457, P<0.001), IL-8 (r=−0.755, P<0.001), and IL-1β (r=−0.628, P<0.001). In animal experiments, VD deficiency enhanced the level of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C. VD deficiency could increase the inflammatory response by upregulating the expression of p65 protein and reducing SIRT1 protein expression in heart tissue, thereby inducing or aggravating the state of CHD. Conclusions Serum 25-OH-VD was a protective factor in the occurrence of CHD, and VD deficiency could induce or aggravate the state of CHD by enhancing inflammation through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Liu
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wanzhong Peng
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ya Li
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Bingxun Wang
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jiancai Yu
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Zesheng Xu
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Vitamin D status in acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2018; 7:93-96. [PMID: 31646291 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The association of vitamin D deficiency with coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. This study seeks the association between vitamin D deficiency and acute myocardial infarction (MI) in Iraq. Patients and methods A total of 104 patients with acute MI and 104 healthy controls were studied throughout 2015. Their demographic, cardiovascular risk factors, and clinical characteristics were recorded. Serum vitamin D measurement was carried out for all patients. Results Vitamin D was more deficient in cases than controls; the number of cases was 60 (57.7%) and 53 (51%), respectively. However, a statistically significant difference (P=0.6) was not obtained. In the patient group, type 2 diabetes mellitus showed a strong association with vitamin D deficiency; there were 31 (81.6%) diabetic patients and 29 (43.9%) nondiabetic patients (P<0.001). Conclusion No statistical association between vitamin D deficiency and acute MI was found. Nevertheless, a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and acute MI with type 2 diabetes mellitus was seen.
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Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Sarrafzadegan N, Sadeghi M, Roohafza H, Ng SK, Pourmogaddas A, Ahmed F. Prevalence and Trends of Vitamin D Deficiency among Iranian Adults: A Longitudinal Study from 2001-2013. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 63:284-290. [PMID: 29225312 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is currently considered to be a re-emerging public health problem globally. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and to investigate its trend from 2001 to 2013 in a longitudinal study of Iranian adults. This study was part of a population-based, longitudinal ongoing study of Iranian healthy adults aged 35 y and older at baseline. Serum vitamin D level was assessed in a sub-sample of 370 subjects, who were apparently healthy at the time of recruitment in 2001 and were free from MetS, in three phases (2001, 2007 and 2013) during the 12-y study period. Adjusted prevalence and trend of vitamin D deficiency were calculated. Mean serum vitamin D levels increased over the time of the study (52.12, 54.27 and 62.28 nmol/L, respectively) and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased (30.5, 27.0 and 24.4, respectively). However, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency did not change over this time period. The risk of vitamin D deficiency decreased significantly in 2007 [OR: 0.73 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.99)] and 2013 [OR: 0.50 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.70)] compared to the baseline. The present study demonstrated some improvement in serum vitamin D levels, while the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was still high. Considering the possible health consequences of vitamin D deficiency, there is an urgent need for developing population-wide strategies, such as supplementation and fortification, to prevent or control vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Shu-Kay Ng
- School of Medicine, Griffith University.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland
| | - Ali Pourmogaddas
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Faruk Ahmed
- School of Medicine, Griffith University.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland
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Makoui RH, Soltannejad Dizaji M, Khederlou H. Comparison of Serum Levels of Vitamin D in Patients With and Without Acute Coronary Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.21859/ijcp-03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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No effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a pilot randomised study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:e52-e60. [PMID: 29242845 PMCID: PMC5728078 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2017.70504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) may have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VitD) serum levels compared with non-MetS individuals. Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is associated with various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Yet, the effect of VitD supplementation on MetS remains uncertain. Our aim was to examine the effect of VitD supplementation on CVD risk factors in MetS subjects. Material and methods This pilot study had a PROBE (prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point) design. Fifty patients with MetS were included and randomised either to dietary instructions (n = 25) (control group) or dietary instructions plus VitD 2000 IU/day (n = 25) (VitD group) for 3 months. This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01237769). Results In both groups a similar small weight reduction was achieved. In the VitD group serum 25(OH)VitD levels significantly increased by 91% (from 16.0 (3.0–35.0) to 30.6 (8.4–67.0) ng/ml, p < 0.001), while in the control group no significant change was observed (from 10.0 (4.0–39.6) to 13.0 (3.5–37.0) ng/ml). In both groups triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, haemoglobin A1c, homeostasis model assessment index and diastolic blood pressure did not significantly change. Systolic blood pressure decreased by 3.7% (from 134 ±14 to 129 ±13 mm Hg, p = 0.05) in the VitD group, while it decreased by 1.5% (from 132 ±13 to 130 ±16 mm Hg, p = NS) in the control group (p = NS between groups). In the VitD group serum 25(OH)VitD increase was negatively correlated with SBP decrease (r = –0.398, p = 0.049). Conclusions VitD supplementation (2000 IU/day) did not affect various CVD risk factors in patients with MetS.
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Ceccaldi PF, Pejoan H, Breau N, Diallo D, Ducarme G, Poujade O, Davitian C, Luton D. French prenatal Vitamin D recommended supplementation: Enough or not? J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2017; 46:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Effects of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1095-1104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dakshinamurti S, Dakshinamurti K. Antihypertensive and neuroprotective actions of pyridoxine and its derivatives. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:1083-90. [PMID: 26281007 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role in the nervous system as the amino acid decarboxylases involved in the synthesis of all putative neurotransmitters requires the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. Vitamin B6 in its various forms has antioxidant properties. Pyridoxal phosphate has a role in regulating cellular calcium transport through both the voltage-mediated and ATP-mediated purinergic mechanisms of cellular calcium influx and, hence, has a role in the control of hypertension. Pharmacological doses of vitamin B6 appear to decrease the high blood pressure associated with both genetic and nongenetic models of hypertension. Vitamin B6 has a crucial role in the normal function of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also protects against ischemia and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- a Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti
- b St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Hassan NE, El-Masry SA, El Banna RA, Abu Shady MM, Al-Tohamy M, Mouhamed Ali M, Abd El-Moniem MM, Anwar M. 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D, Adiponectin Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Sample of Obese Children. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Association between vitamin D, adiponectin and obesity is a matter of debate, as they play important role in linking obesity with different cardio metabolic risk factors.AIM: Evaluation of association between metabolic risk factors with both adiponectin and 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and that between adiponectin and [25(OH) D] among obese Egyptian children.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This case-control cross sectional study consisted of 65 obese and 30 healthy children, aged 8-11 years. 25(OH) D, serum adiponectin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were measured.RESULTS: The mean 25(OH)D and adiponectin levels in the obese were lower than that in control group (ð‘ƒ<0.000). 25(OH)D were inversely correlated with body mass index, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. While adiponectin level were inversely correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. However, there is no relation between 25(OH) D and adiponectin levels among obese children and total sample.CONCLUSION: Inspite of strong association between vitamin D and adiponectin levels with metabolic risk factors and obesity, there is no relation between 25(OH)D and adiponectin levels. In obese children, There are significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D with lipid profile, and between adiponectin levels with blood pressure.
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Kim HJ, Giovannucci E, Rosner B, Willett WC, Cho E. Longitudinal and secular trends in dietary supplement use: Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, 1986-2006. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:436-443. [PMID: 24119503 PMCID: PMC3944223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on the prevalence of supplement use in the United States were cross-sectional or evaluated trends in limited variety of supplements. The objective of this study was to describe the longitudinal and secular trend of dietary supplement use over the past 20 years in health professionals using data from two large prospective cohorts. We analyzed cohort data from 1986 to 2006 in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). In 1986, 74,194 women aged 40 to 65 years in the NHS and 50,497 men aged 40 to 75 years in the HPFS were included. Use of dietary supplements including multivitamins, vitamins, and minerals was repeatedly asked every 4 years. Generalized estimating equation models were used for repeated analysis. Prevalence of use of any supplement increased among both women (71.3% to 88.3%) and men (56.4% to 80.7%) from 1986 to 2006. Notably, longitudinal increases in the prevalence of use of vitamin D (2.2% to 32.2% for women and 1.1% to 6.7% for men), folic acid (0.8% to 10.7% for women and 1.1% to 13.8% for men), and fish oil (1.6% to 18.1% for women and 3.3% to 22.2% for men) supplements were observed from 1990 to 2006. However, the use of vitamin A, beta carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E supplements peaked in 1994 or 1998, then declined steadily. A secular increase in use of multivitamins, vitamin D, folic acid, and fish oil across same age group was noted. In conclusion, the use of many types of dietary supplements has increased over time, but the use of antioxidant supplements has declined. The secular increase in the prevalence of use of supplements across the same age group suggests that aging of the population is not the primary reason for the increase. These findings in health professionals need to be replicated in the general populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ja Kim
- Visiting assistant professor, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Tel: (617) 525-2026, Fax: (617) 525-2008, . And she is also a research associate professor, Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Professor, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Nutrition, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II Room 319, Boston, MA 02115, Tel: (617) 432-4648, Fax: (617) 432-2435,
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Professor, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Tel: (617) 525-2743, Fax: (617) 731-1541,
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Professor, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Nutrition, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Building II Room 311, Boston, MA 02115, Tel: (617) 432-4680, Fax: (617) 432-0464,
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Assistant professor, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Tel: (617) 525-2091; Fax: (617) 525-2008,
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Iaccarino L, Bettio S, Zen M, Nalotto L, Gatto M, Ramonda R, Punzi L, Doria A. Premature coronary heart disease in SLE: can we prevent progression? Lupus 2013; 22:1232-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203313492871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a higher prevalence of clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Atherosclerosis progression is also accelerated in SLE, and coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia, are more prevalent in SLE patients than in the general population, but they cannot fully account for accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE. In fact, a number of nontraditional risk factors have been identified, including disease activity, damage and various treatments. Preventive strategies for CHD are mandatory in SLE patients and should include giving up smoking; performing regular physical activity; managing metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes; treating persistent disease activity; and minimizing chronic exposure to corticosteroids. Low-dose aspirin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, vitamin D supplementation, antimalarials and, when indicated, some immunosuppressants such as mycophenolate mofetil should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iaccarino
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - S Bettio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - M Zen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - L Nalotto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - M Gatto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - R Ramonda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - L Punzi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - A Doria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
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Morgan DR, Arrow J, Smith MP. Combining aspirin with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)--a potential new tool for controlling possum populations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70683. [PMID: 23950982 PMCID: PMC3739777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduced Australian brushtail possum is a major vertebrate pest in New Zealand, with impacts on conservation and agriculture being managed largely through poisoning operations. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is registered for use in controlling possums and despite its many advantages it is expensive and relatively inhumane. Combination of a high proportion of aspirin with a low proportion of cholecalciferol was effective in killing high proportions of groups of acclimatised, caged possums: this is attributed to both an unexpectedly high toxicity of the type of cholecalciferol used, and a proposed synergistic mechanism between the two compounds. Death was caused by localised damage to heart ventricles by aspirin, and inhibition of tissue repair by both aspirin and cholecalciferol. The observed toxicosis had lower impact on the welfare of possums than either compound administered alone, particularly aspirin alone. Residue analyses of bait remains in the GI tract suggested a low risk of secondary poisoning by either compound. The combination of cholecalciferol and aspirin has the potential to meet key requirements of cost-effectiveness and humaneness in controlling possum populations, but the effect of the combination in non-target species has yet to be tested.
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Conradie M, Ascott-Evans B. An interesting D-lemma: what is all the excitement about vitamin D? S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2013.10874324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Conradie
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch
| | - B Ascott-Evans
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch
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Liberopoulos EN, Makariou SE, Moutzouri E, Kostapanos MS, Challa A, Elisaf M. Effect of simvastatin/ezetimibe 10/10 mg versus simvastatin 40 mg on serum vitamin D levels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 18:229-33. [PMID: 23288870 DOI: 10.1177/1074248412470513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VitD) have been recognized as an emerging cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Statins are reported to increase 25(OH)VitD concentration. Animal studies suggest that ezetimibe is a moderate inhibitor of intestinal 25(OH)VitD absorption, but its effect in humans is unknown. AIM To investigate whether combined treatment with simvastatin/ezetimibe 10/10 mg would increase 25(OH)VitD levels compared to simvastatin 40 mg monotherapy in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. METHODS In a Prospective Randomized Open-label Blinded End point study, 50 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia received either simvastatin/ezetimibe 10/10 mg (n = 25) or simvastatin 40 mg (n = 25) daily for 3 months. The primary end point was between-group difference in the change of serum 25(OH)VitD levels. RESULTS Simvastatin/ezetimibe 10/10 mg was associated with a 36.7% increase in 25(OH)VitD serum levels (from 6.8 to 9.3 ng/mL, P = .000), while simvastatin 40 mg was associated with a 79.1% increase (from 6.7 to 12.0 ng/mL, P = .008). The increase in 25(OH)VitD levels in the simvastatin 40 mg group was significantly greater compared to that in the simvastatin/ezetimibe 10/10 mg group (P = .04). Both groups exhibited similar reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. CONCLUSION For similar LDL-C lowering simvastatin 40 mg is associated with greater increase in 25(OH)VitD compared to simvastatin/ezetimibe 10/10 mg. Whether this difference is relevant in terms of CVD risk reduction is unknown.
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Kardas F, Kendirci M, Kurtoglu S. Cardiometabolic risk factors related to vitamin d and adiponectin in obese children and adolescents. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:503270. [PMID: 23983686 PMCID: PMC3741940 DOI: 10.1155/2013/503270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related diseases are becoming the most important causes of mortality worldwide. Several studies have suggested an association between low levels of vitamin D and obesity. In addition, plasma adiponectin levels have been found to be lower in obese subjects. We evaluated the association of metabolic risk factors with both adiponectin and vitamin D levels and that between adiponectin and vitamin D levels. The study consisted of 114 obese and healthy subjects. 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were positively correlated with adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (T-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA index), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The mean 25(OH)D levels in the obese and nonobese groups were 22.5 ± 5.7 and 32.3 ± 5.8 ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.0001). The mean adiponectin level in the obese group was lower than that in the nonobese group (P < 0.0001). Lower vitamin D and adiponectin levels were strongly associated with metabolic risk factors and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kardas
- Department of Paediatric Metabolism, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- *Fatih Kardas:
| | - Mustafa Kendirci
- Department of Paediatric Metabolism, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Selim Kurtoglu
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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Mahdavi K, Amirajam Z, Yazdankhah S, Majidi S, Adel MH, Omidvar B, Alasti M. The prevalence and prognostic role of vitamin D deficiency in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a single centre study in South-West of Iran. Heart Lung Circ 2012; 22:346-51. [PMID: 23266191 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were estimating the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with acute coronary syndrome comparing with normal people and evaluating the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and short-term mortality in these patients. METHODS We considered 106 patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and high-risk unstable angina and 110 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction as group A. The control group (group B) consisted of 120 individuals without any known cardiovascular diseases or systemic disease. We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in all cases and classified them according to their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Sufficient vitamin D level was considered ≥30 ng/ml. We followed the patients for 30 days after index admission. RESULTS The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in group A was much higher than group B. In group A, 72% of patients had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 20 ng/ml or less. This percentage was only 27.4% in control group. We did not find any significant relationship between vitamin D deficiency and short-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that vitamin D deficiency was present in most of patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome in Ahvaz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Mahdavi
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Noordam R, de Craen AJM, Pedram P, Maier AB, Mooijaart SP, van Pelt J, Feskens EJ, Streppel MT, Slagboom PE, Westendorp RGJ, Beekman M, van Heemst D. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in familial longevity: the Leiden Longevity Study. CMAJ 2012; 184:E963-8. [PMID: 23128285 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of 25(OH) vitamin D are associated with various age-related diseases and mortality, but causality has not been determined. We investigated vitamin D levels in the offspring of nonagenarians who had at least one nonagenarian sibling; these offspring have a lower prevalence of age-related diseases and a higher propensity to reach old age compared with their partners. METHODS We assessed anthropometric characteristics, 25(OH) vitamin D levels, parathyroid hormone levels, dietary vitamin D intake and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with vitamin D levels. We included offspring (n = 1038) of nonagenarians who had at least one nonagenarian sibling, and the offsprings' partners (n = 461; controls) from the Leiden Longevity Study. We included age, sex, body mass index, month during which blood sampling was performed, dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake, and creatinine levels as possible confounding factors. RESULTS The offspring had significantly lower levels of vitamin D (64.3 nmol/L) compared with controls (68.4 nmol/L; p = 0.002), independent of possible confounding factors. There was no difference in the levels of parathyroid hormone between groups. Compared with controls, the offspring had a lower frequency of a genetic variant in the CYP2R1 gene (rs2060793) (p = 0.04). The difference in vitamin D levels between offspring and controls persisted over the 2 most prevalent genotypes of this SNP. INTERPRETATION Compared with controls, the offspring of nonagenarians who had at least one nonagenarian sibling had a reduced frequency of a common variant in the CYP2R1 gene, which predisposes people to high vitamin D levels; they also had lower levels of vitamin D that persisted over the 2 most prevalent genotypes. These results cast doubt on the causal nature of previously reported associations between low levels of vitamin D and age-related diseases and mortality.
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Seftel AD. Re: Association of Hypogonadism with Vitamin D Status: The European Male Ageing Study. J Urol 2012; 188:544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Flock MR, Kris-Etherton PM. Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2011; 13:499-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-011-0205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2011; 26:457-61. [PMID: 21832895 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e32834b1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Makariou S, Liberopoulos EN, Elisaf M, Challa A. Novel roles of vitamin D in disease: what is new in 2011? Eur J Intern Med 2011; 22:355-62. [PMID: 21767752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid molecule, mainly produced in the skin that regulates the expression of a large number of genes. Until recently its main known role was to control bone metabolism and calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. During the last 2 decades it has been realized that vitamin D deficiency, which is really common worldwide, could be a new risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as the metabolic syndrome and its components, the whole spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, several auto-immune conditions, and many types of cancer as well as all-cause mortality. Except for the great number of epidemiological studies that support the above presumptions, vitamin D receptors (VDRs) have been identified in many tissues and cells. The effect of vitamin D supplementation remains controversial and the need for more persuasive study outcomes is intense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Makariou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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Cravedi P, Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P. Targeting the Renin Angiotensin System in Dialysis Patients. Semin Dial 2011; 24:290-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2011.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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