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Autoimmune rheumatic diseases and Klinefelter syndrome Autoimunitné reumatické choroby a Klinefelterov syndróm. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/afpuc-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The article summarizes data on the association of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, that is rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), polymyositis/dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (SSc), mixed connective tissue diseases (MCTD), Sjogren’s syndrome and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Recently, a higher risk for RA, SLE and Sjogren’s syndrome in patients with KS has been clearly demonstrated. However, the association of other autoimmune rheumatic disorders such as dermatomyositis/polymyositis, SSc, MCTD and APS is reported only casually. Based on the hormonal changes in KS, there are suggestions that low androgen and higher estrogen levels might be a predisposing factor for the development of autoimmune diseases, but evidence for the association is poor. Epidemiologic studies on larger cohorts of patients are required.
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Mo SI, Lee HG, Cho AR, Chung HK, Kim KW, Lee HM, Kang BI, Ko GB, Lee SW, Nah SS. A Case of Klinefelter's Syndrome Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2011. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2011.18.1.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Il Mo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyeok Gyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - A Ra Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ki Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Han Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Byong Il Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Gyu Bong Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Se-Whan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seong-Su Nah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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